Lyons family
House of Lyon (de Lyon, de Leonne, Lyon) | |
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House of Haute Normandie | |
Country | |
Founded | 1066 (in Britain) |
Founder |
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The Lyons family (originally styled de Lyons, or de Leonne, Lyonne, and also spelled Lyon) is an eminent
During the 14th century, a branch of the family emigrated to
The descendants of the Warkworth family who remained in England had ceased to reside at Warkworth by the 16th century, and resided on estates in
The Lyons family members are the agnatic ancestors of Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon, mother of Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom.
Norman Origin
The family derives its name from the district of the Forest of Lyons, north of the town of
The family name was originally 'de Lyons' ('of [the Castle and Forest] of Lyons'). Later the 'de' was removed from the name of the family, producing merely 'Lyons'; some branches subsequently removed the 's' from the end of the word, producing 'Lyon'.[5] The original arms of the family are described as, 'Sable, a chevron between three lions sejant-guardant argent'. The crest is described as 'On a chapeau gules, turned up ermine, a lion's head erased argent'. The motto of the family is 'Noli irritare leones' ('do not provoke the lions').[1]
Warkworth (Northamptonshire) line
In 1066, Ingelram, Lord of Lyons, arrived in England with the Norman Conquest and was granted lands in Corsham and Culington.[5] Fourteen years later, in 1080, a member of the Norman family, Nicholas de Lyons, Nicola de Lyonne emigrated to England with his son, Sir John de Lyons, who is considered the founder of the English Lyons family.[6]
Nicholas was granted, by William I, lands in Warkworth, Northamptonshire, where his family subsequently bought Warkworth Castle, a castellated mansion consisting of a body with two wings, forming three sides of a quadrangle,[6] with a large gatehouse and semi-circular towers, which was the English seat of the Lyons family until 1412. Warkworth Castle was converted into a spectacular house by subsequent owners, during the Jacobean period, but was demolished c.1805.[5][7]
Many genealogies erroneously state that the seat of the Lyons was Warkworth Castle in Northumberland: this is incorrect, Warkworth Castle in Northumberland belonged to the Percy family. The English seat of the Lyons family was the identically named Warkworth Castle in Northamptonshire.[6][7][8] Several members of the English branch of the family are buried in the Church of St Mary, Warkworth, Northamptonshire: in the North Aisle there is a tomb-chest with an effigy of enclosed Sir John de Lyons (fl.1322),[6][7][8] who was Lord of Warkworth in 1322.
The eldest son of Sir John (the son of Nicholas) was also named John (b.1100), who travelled to the Holy Land.[6] There was a branch of the family living in Norfolk, whose members included Sir John Lyon (1289 – 1346), and the father of the infamous English merchant Sir Richard Lyons, Sheriff of London, PC, MP[6] (1310–1381), who was a friend of the poet Geoffrey Chaucer, and who was beheaded during the Peasants' Revolt by its leader Wat Tyler. Some members of the Norfolk branch intermarried with descendants of the branch that had emigrated to Scotland. From the Norfolk branch was descended the Middlesex Branch.[6]
Notable members of the Warkworth family include Sir John de Lyons (1268–1313), Sir John de Lyons (b.1299), who fought at the
Scottish branch
Some sources identify the progenitors of the Scottish branch of the family, Clan Lyon, who subsequently became the Earls of Strathmore and Kinghorne,[12] to be members of the Anglo-Norman family who emigrated to Scotland the end of the eleventh century in the retinue of Edgar, son of Malcolm III of Scotland, to fight against his uncle, Donald Bane.[12][13][14][15][16] Subsequent to the victory of Edgar, these members of the family received lands that were later called Glen Lyon in Perthshire,[12] and, in 1105, Roger de Leonne witnessed a charter from Edgar to Dunfermline Abbey.[12] Other sources identify the progenitor of the Scottish branch as Sir John Lyon, Baron of
The eighth Lord Glamis renounced his allegiance to Mary Queen of Scots to serve the Regents Moray and Lennox. He was made Chancellor of Scotland and Keeper of the Great Seal. His son was Captain of the Royal Guard and a Privy Counsellor to James VI: in 1606 he was created Earl of Kinghorne, Viscount Lyon, and Baron Glamis. In 1677, the Third Earl was granted the titles Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne, Viscount Lyon, Baron Glamis, Tannadice, Sidlaw, and Strathdichtie. His son was a Privy Counsellor.[17]
Irish branch
The grandson of Sir Richard Lyons,
Major John Charles Lyons JP DL (1792 - 1874) of Ledestown Hall, was the son of Charles John Lyons and Mary Anne (who was the daughter of Sir Richard Levinge, 4th Baronet) and the grandson of John Lyons, who was High Sheriff of Westmeath in 1778.[19] John Charles was educated at Pembroke College, Oxford and was High Sheriff of Westmeath in 1816:[21] his son Charles Lyons JP DL also served as High Sheriff of Westmeath.[1]
Antigua and Anglo-Irish branch
The great-grandson of Henry Lyons was
The influence of the family was increased by
John Lyons's other grandchildren included
During the late 19th-century, the Lyons family lived at Kilvrough Manor in Glamorgan,[26][27] where they later married into[28][29] the Glamorgan Jones family[30] of trans-European steamship agents.[31] During the late 19th century Major Richard Thomas Lyons MD (1875 – 1903) owned Cherry Hinton Hall, Cambridge.[32]
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Kilvrough Manor, the Lyons family home in Glamorgan
Middlesex branch
Sir John Lyon (b.1353) owned lands in
American branch
During the 16th and 17th centuries, especially after the defeat of the Royalist cause in the English Civil War, numerous members of the English family emigrated to New England. William Lyon (1620 -1692), was the first Lyon to emigrate to America, in September 1635.
Notable members
- Ingelram de Lyons, Lord of Lyons, Normandy (founder)
- Nicholas de Lyons (founder)
- Sheriff of London, and friend of Geoffrey Chaucer. He was killed by Wat Tyler during the Peasants' Revolt.
- Sir John Lyon, Baron of Forteviot, Forgandenny, and Drumgawan.
- Clan Lyon
- Sir John Lyon, Thane of Glamis
- The Lords of Glamis
- The Earls of Strathmore and Kinghorne
- William Lyons, Governor of Bordeaux during the reign of Henry V
- Sir Richard Lyons, Governor of Calais during the reign of Henry VIII.
- Sir John Lyon, Lord Mayor of London for 1553–1554.
- The John Lyon Schooland John Lyon's Charity are named.
- Sir James Frederick Lyon, Governor of Barbados (from 1829 to 1833)[43]
- Major John Charles Lyons JP DL, Anglo-Irish politician and landowner
- Sarah Lyons (1731 - 1764), 5th Marquise de Vallado[1]
- Captain John Lyons of Antigua, English politician and landowner in Antigua
- Admiral John Lyons (1787 – 1872), fought on HMS Victory at the Battle of Trafalgar
- Admiral Edmund Lyons, 1st Baron Lyons, British diplomat and military leader during the Crimean War.
- Lieutenant-General Humphrey Lyons, British Indian Army
- First World War; and was the founder of the "Lyons School" of British diplomacy.
- Captain Edmund Moubray Lyons, Royal Navy Captain during Crimean War
- Sir Algernon Lyons, Admiral of the Fleet and First and Principal Naval Aide-de-Camp to Queen Victoria
- Richard Lyons Pearson, Assistant Commissioner of the Metropolitan Police.
- Anne Theresa Bickerton Lyons, Baroness von Würtzburg.
- Augusta Mary Minna Catherine Lyons, 14th Duchess of Norfolk.
- Brigadier General Nathaniel Lyon, First Union General to be killed in the American Civil War.
See also
[44] The Lyons of Cossins and Wester Ogil: Cadets of Glamis by Andrew Ross, Marchmont Herald, traces the origins of the Lyon family in Scotland until John Lyon, 3rd Lord Glamis and then the descendants of David Lyon of Baky, his second son.
References
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Langford Vere, Oliver. History of the Island of Antigua, Vol. 2. Mitchell and Hughes, London, 1894. pp. 214–217.
- ^ Base Mérimée: Château fort, Ministère français de la Culture. (in French)
- ^ Judith A. Green Henry I: King of England and Duke of Normandy, Cambridge University Press, 2006. The introduction is online: "Introduction: A surfeit of lampreys"
- ^ Office de Tourisme du Pays de Lyons-la-Forêt: Le pays de Lyons à travers l'histoire Archived 23 August 2016 at the Wayback Machine. This site also contains further historical detail concerning the castle and its royal connections. (in French)
- ^ a b c d e Miller, Robert, ed. (1907). The Lyon Memorial: New York Families Descended from the Immigrant, Thomas Lyon of Rye. Press William Graham Printing Co.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Hewitt, Michael (2014). A Most Remarkable Family: A History of the Lyon Family from 1066 to 2014. AuthorHouse.
- ^ a b c Pevsner, Nikolaus. The Buildings of England: Northamptonshire (2nd edition, revised by Cherry, Bridget. Yale University Press. p. 444.
- ^ a b c d Rutherford-Edge, Shana. "The Ancient and Noble Seat: The History of the Villages of Overthorpe and Warkworth in Northamptonshire" (PDF). pp. 11–23.
- ^ a b c d e Lyons, John Charles, JP DP, of Ledestown. Grand Juries of Westmeath, 1727–1853.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Kimberley, E.; Johnson, R. (1771). The Baronetage of England, Vol. 2. G. Woodhall. p. 536.
- ^ "History of Parliament Online: Sir John Chetwode".
- ^ a b c d e Way, George and Squire, Romily. Collins Scottish Clan & Family Encyclopedia. (Foreword by The Rt Hon. The Earl of Elgin KT, Convenor, The Standing Council of Scottish Chiefs). Published in 1994. Pages 202 - 203.
- ^ Ross, Andrew (1901). The Lyons of Cossins and Wester Ogil. Edinburgh: G. Waterston & Sons. pp. 4–8.
- ^ Herald, Ross (1911). "Lyon, Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne". Scotts Peerage: 1.
- ^ Anderson, W (1862). "The Story of the Family Lyon". The Scottish Nation. 3.
- ^ Thomson, Ingrid, Glamis Castle Archivist
- ^ a b c d "Scots Web, Lyon Clan Info".
- doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/54275. (Subscription or UK public library membershiprequired.)
- ^ a b c Reynell, William Alexander. Entry for Lyons, John Charles (1792 - 1874) in Dictionary of National Biography, 1885 - 1900, Vol. 34.
- ^ a b Woods, James (1907). Annals of Westmeath, Ancient and Modern. Sealy, Bryers, and Walker. p. 68.
- ^ Walford, E. (1882). The County Families of the United Kingdom. p. 405.
- ^ "History of river names – E". Western Australian Land Information Authority. Archived from the original on 19 April 2021. Retrieved 8 January 2009.
- ^ Edmund Lyons at Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
- ^ "Victorian Web, Sculpture of Edmund Lyons, St Paul's Cathedral". Victorian Web.
- ^ Jenkins, Brian. Lord Lyons: A Diplomat in an Age of Nationalism and War. McGill-Queen's Press, 2014.
- doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/34650. (Subscription or UK public library membershiprequired.)
- ^ Rees, David. "Major Penrice's Dilemma". The National Library of Wales. p. 23. Retrieved 28 December 2014.
- ^ Peter S. Lyons and Witham Hall, Lincoln, Rutland & Stamford Mercury, 8 February 1985
- ^ Obituary of P. S. Lyons, Rutland and Stamford Mercury, 20 April 2007.
- ^ "WEBB-JONES, James William (1904–1965)". Who's Who, Oxford Index. Oxford University Press.
- ^ "Entry for M. Jones and Brother, Steamship Agents, 1914 Who's Who in Business".
- ^ The St Andrews University Calendar: 1902–1903. William Blackwood and Sons. p. 649.
- ^ a b c d Hunt, William. Entry for Lyon, John (1514? - 1592), in Dictionary of National Biography, 1885 - 1900, Volume 34.
- ^ A.B. Beavan, The Aldermen of the City of London Temp. Henry III to 1912 (Corporation of the City of London, 1913), II, p. 32 (Internet Archive).
- ^ Thornbury, Walter. "The Temple: Church and Precinct (Part 3 of 3)". British History Online.
- ^ a b "John Lyon's Charity: History".
- ^ ISBN 0-19-822796-5.
- ^ a b Cockburn, J. S.; King, H. P. F.; McDonnell, K. G. T., eds. (1969). "Schools: Harrow School". A History of the County of Middlesex: Volume 1, Physique, Archaeology, Domesday, Ecclesiastical Organization, the Jews, Religious Houses, Education of Working Classes To 1870, Private Education From Sixteenth Century. London: Victoria County History. pp. 299–302 – via British History Online.
- ^ "'Harrow, including Pinner: Other estates', in A History of the County of Middlesex, Vol. 4 [...], (ed. T. F. T. Baker, J. S. Cockburn, and R. B. Pugh". British History Online. pp. 211–218.
- ^ a b c d e f Hewitt, Michael (2014). A Most Remarkable Family: A History of the Lyon Family from 1066 to 2014. AuthorHouse. p. 163.
- ^ Hewitt, Michael (2014). A Most Remarkable Family: A History of the Lyon Family from 1066 to 2014. AuthorHouse. p. 154.
- ^ Gannett, Henry (1905). The Origin of Certain Place Names in the United States. U.S. Government Printing Office. p. 193.
- ^ Dictionary of National Biography. London: Smith, Elder & Co. 1885–1900. .
- ^ The Lyons of Cossins and Wester Ogil: Cadets of Glamis by Andrew Ross, Marchmont Herald