Megarian school

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Megara in Attica, lying equidistant from Athens, Thebes, and Corinth

The Megarian school of philosophy, which flourished in the 4th century BC, was founded by

propositional logic
played an important role in the development of logic in antiquity.

History

The Megarian school of philosophy was founded by

predicates."[7] However, Euclides himself taught logic,[9] and his pupil, Eubulides, who was famous for employing celebrated paradoxes,[6]
was the teacher of several later dialecticians.

Via Stilpo, the Megarian school is said to have influenced the Eretrian school under Menedemus and Asclepiades; Pyrrho, the founder of Pyrrhonism; and Zeno of Citium, the founder of Stoicism. Zeno was said to have studied under Stilpo and Diodorus Cronus,[10] and to have disputed with Philo the Dialectician. It was perhaps the Dialecticians, Diodorus and Philo, who were the biggest influence on the development of Stoic logic, and that Zeno studied under Stilpo to learn his moral teachings, although Stilpo, too, is said to have excelled "in the invention of arguments and in sophistry."[2]

Philosophy

Theory of Forms.[14] In ethics, Stilpo taught freedom, self-control, and self-sufficiency, approaching the teachings of the Cynics, another Socratic school.[15]

Besides studying logical puzzles and paradoxes, the Dialecticians made two important logical innovations, by re-examining

propositional logic, the Dialectical school played an important role in the development of logic, which was an important precursor of Stoic logic
.

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Diogenes Laërtius, ii. 47
  2. ^ a b Diogenes Laërtius, ii. 113
  3. ^ Gill & Pellegrin 2006, p. 132
  4. ^ a b Diogenes Laërtius, ii. 106
  5. ^ O'Toole & Jennings 2004, p. 406
  6. ^ a b Diogenes Laërtius, ii. 108
  7. ^ a b Diogenes Laërtius, ii. 112
  8. ^ O'Toole & Jennings 2004, p. 406 Although the name "Dialectical school" was apparently coined by Dionysius of Chalcedon, (Diogenes Laërtius, ii. 106)
  9. ^ Diogenes Laërtius, ii. 107
  10. ^ Diogenes Laërtius, vii. 16
  11. ^ Diogenes Laërtius, ii. 106; Cicero, Academica, ii. 42
  12. ^ Gill & Pellegrin 2006, p. 134
  13. Praeparatio Evangelica
    xiv. 16. 1
  14. ^ Diogenes Laërtius, ii. 119
  15. ^ Goulet-Cazé 1996, pp. 403–404
  16. ^ Kneale & Kneale 1984, p. 119

References

  • Gill, Mary Louise; Pellegrin, Pierre (2006), A Companion to Ancient Philosophy, Blackwell
  • Goulet-Cazé, Marie-Odile (1996), "A Comprehensive Catalogue of Known Cynic Philosophers", in Bracht Branham, R.; Goulet-Cazé, Marie-Odile (eds.), The Cynics: The Cynic Movement in Antiquity and Its Legacy, University of California Press
  • Hartmann, Nicolai (2017), "The Megarian and the Aristotelian Concept of Possibility: A Contribution to the History of the Ontological Problem of Modality", Axiomathes, 27 (2), translated by Tremblay, Frederic; Peterson, Keith: 209–223,
    S2CID 171133275
  • Kneale, William; Kneale, Martha (1984), The Development of Logic, Oxford University Press
  • O'Toole, Robert R.; Jennings, Raymond E. (2004), "The Megarians and the Stoics", in
    ISBN 0444504664

External links

Wikisource has the text of the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica article "Megarian School of Philosophy".
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