Mucoromycota

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Mucoromycota
Mucor mucedo
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Fungi
Subkingdom: Mucoromyceta
Division: Mucoromycota
Doweld
Subdivision

Mucoromycotina

Mucoromycota is a division within the

fungi.[1] It includes a diverse group of various molds, including the common bread molds Mucor and Rhizopus.[2] It is a sister phylum to Dikarya.[3][4]

Informally known as zygomycetes I, Mucoromycota includes

saprobes.[9] When Mucoromycota infect animals, they are seen as opportunistic pathogens.[3] Mucoromycotina are fast-growing fungi and early colonizers of carbon-rich substrates.[10] Mortierellomycotina are common soil fungi that occur as root endophytes of woody plants and are isolated as saprobes.[11] Glomeromycotina live in soil, forming a network of hyphae, but depend on organic carbon from host plants. In exchange, the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi provide nutrients to the plant.[12]

Reproduction

Known reproduction states of Mucoromycota are

sporocarps.[15] Mucoromycotina sexual reproduction is by prototypical zygospore formation and asexual reproduction and involves the large production of sporangia.[3]

Morphology

Mucoromycotina contain discoidal hemispherical spindle pole bodies. Although spindle pole bodies function as microtubule organizing centers, they lack remnants of the centrioles' characteristic 9+2 microtubule arrangement. Species of Mucoromycotina and Mortierellomycotina produce large-diameter, coenocytic hyphae. Glomeromycotina also form coenocytic hyphae with highly branched, narrow hyphal

arbuscules in host cells. When septations occur in Mucoromycota they are formed at the base of reproductive structures.[3]

Production of lipids, polyphosphates, and carotenoids

Mucoromycota's metabolism can utilize many substrates that are from various nitrogen and phosphorus resources to produce lipids, chitin, polyphosphates, and carotenoids. They have been found to co-produce metabolites in a single fermentation process like polyphosphates and lipids.[19] The overproduction of chitin from Mucoromycota fungi can be accomplished by limiting inorganic phosphorus.[20] Mucoromycota are capable of accumulating high amounts of lipids in their cell biomass, which allows the fungi to produce polyunsaturated fatty acids and carotenoids. They have been found to induce antimicrobial activity from fungal crude total lipids.[21][22] The high production of lipids from Mucoromycota have the potential for use in biodiesel production.[23][24]

Gallery

  • Mortierella from Yosemite
    Mortierella from Yosemite
  • Mucor
    Mucor

See also

References

  1. ^ "Taxonomy browser (Mucoromycota)". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 28 May 2021.
  2. ISBN 978-1-55581-958-3
    .
  3. ^
    PMID 27738200
    .
  4. ISBN 978-1-108-74568-0
    .
  5. PMID 25230098
    .
  6. ^
    ISBN 978-3-642-55318-9
    .
  7. doi:10.1016/j.funeco.2014.01.003
    .
  8. ^
    ISBN 978-3-642-55318-9
    .
  9. PMID 24027347
    .
  10. PMID 18400482
    .
  11. doi:10.3114/sim.53.1.121
    .
  12. S2CID 44106242
    .
  13. ^
    PMID 28332467
    .
  14. PMID 21389014
    .
  15. ^
    PMID 24120560
    .
  16. S2CID 4411640
    .
  17. PMID 22262094
    .
  18. PMID 25964335
    .
  19. S2CID 245013763
    .
  20. PMID 32569317
    .
  21. PMID 33204691
    .
  22. PMID 33808917
    .
  23. PMID 29563969
    .
  24. S2CID 228925586
    .

External links

Data related to Mucoromycota at Wikispecies

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