Naval Base Trinidad
Naval Base Trinidad | |
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Naval Base Trinidad, also called NAS Trinidad, NAS Port-of-Spain, was a large United States Navy Naval base built during World War II to support the many naval ships fighting and patrolling the Battle of the Atlantic. The fighting in the area became known as the Battle of the Caribbean. Naval Base Trinidad was located on the Island of Trinidad in West Indies of the Caribbean Sea.
The base also supported the
History
After
Naval Base Trinidad and seven other bases in the Caribbean became known as Destroyer Bases. This name came from the U.S.-British Destroyers for Bases agreement which exchanged older US destroyers for U.S. rights to operate Advance Bases in the Atlantic. This was done so the US could have tactical bases, patrol aircraft and ships to control the Caribbean Sea. Trinidad, Bermuda, Santo Domingo and Argentia became major bases. The US Navy started construction at Trinidad on January 193, 1941.[clarification needed] Over 10,000 Trinidadian workers were hired for the construction projects. Trinidad, off the coast of Venezuela, was key to protecting South American trade routes and the Panama Canal. The Naval Base was built on the northwest tip of the island on 7,940 acres, this included the land on five small islands in the Gulf of Paria. Later 3,800 more acres were added to the base, but only 1,200 acres were built up.[5] Four bays were used for Naval activities: Carenage, Chaguaramus, Teteron, and Scotland. Two major land bases were built at Chaguaramus (Chaguaramas Naval Base) and Tucker (Tucker Naval Base).
The second task after the port was built, was building a naval air station and a
Trinidad being a large base and training center did not close after the war, like many other bases. Troops departed in 1967, the base closed in 1977, and the lease of the land was given up by the US in 1988. Today the base headquarters are a hotel and convention center.[7][8][9][10]
During that period, many calypsos made reference to the American presence in Trinidad.
Background
The
Later in the year the United States transferred ten
Facilities
- Total of 11,740 acres, with 1,200 acres were developed[4]
- Most of the base was on the northwest tip of the island on 7,940 acres
- The Base included five small islands in the Gulf of Paria.
- Maqueripe Bay
- Martin PBM Mariner depot
- Four remote natural bays on the northwest peninsula: Carenage, Chaguaramus, Teteron, and Scotland
- Two shore valleys: Chaguaramus and Tucker, both developed
- Carlsen Airfield, 80 paved runways, main "Edinburgh" and "Xerxes" runways (used by Army and Navy), became Carlsen Air Force Base
- Piarco Airport (Amry and some Navy)
- Crown Point emergency landing strip
- Waller Army Airfield (Amry and some Navy)
- Chaguanas, Edinburgh Field
- Power station
- Water treatment plant
- Naval harbors for anchoring Carenage Bay
- Naval Headquarters at Carenage Bay
- Two Naval pairs at Carenage Bay, 350 feet - 600 feet
- Naval Hospital in upper Tucker Valley
- Two wooden floating drydocks, 3,000-ton and 1,000-ton capacity, built on the site
- Degaussing range on Pelican Island
- Radio station - Chaguaramus Valley
- Hangars
- Ship repair facilities
- Net Lying base, support by Hopocan (YNT-1) and over Net Tender ships[15]
- Blimp hangar
- Air traffic control
- Chaguaramas training base
- Tardieus' land at Scotland Bay recreation area and zoo
- Seven-mile road over jungle mountains to Maracas Bay over Mount Pleasant (North Coast Road)
- Princess Margaret Highway
- AFDM-3-class medium auxiliary floating dry dock[16]
- (Fort Read, mostly US Army)
- Officers Club
- Seaplane base at Carenage Bay
- 500-by-50-foot tender pier at Carenage Bay
- Motor pool
- Malaria reduction depot
- Quarry
- Naval Supply Depot - fleet warehouses
- Crash boat base
- Aviation Overhaul shop
- Quartermaster Laundry
- Torpedo assembly center
- PT Boat base
- Tank farms for: Fuel oil, aviation fuel, diesel fuel, gasoline
- Barracks
- Navy Bank
- Fleet Post Office FPO# 117 NY Trinidad, British West Indies
- Mess halls
- Navy Communication Center
- Troop store
- Military supply depot
- AA gun emplacements
- Naval Air Transport Service Facilities
Sub-installations
Secondary bases: Naval Base Trinidad headquarters managed and supplied logical support for subsidiary satellite Bases, also called emergency advance bases and NAAF Trinidad.[4]
- NAF St. Lucia, on St. Lucia island north of Trinidad. Port and 221-acres of land at Gros Islet, built Advance base, airbase, seaplane base with tenders. The base was started in February 1941 and had 200 troops based at the camp. The base was decommissioned on September 1, 1943. Base was located at the north end of the island at 14°04′52″N 60°57′11″W / 14.081°N 60.953°W.[17]
- NAF British Guiana was in Atkinson Field, now Cheddi Jagan International Airport. The base was built by civilian workers. NAF British Guiana was 40 miles up the Essequibo River on a 1400-acres of land at 6°26′44″N 58°36′35″W / 6.445493°N 58.609638°W. FPO#12.[17]
- NAF Dutch Guiana
- NAF Paramaribo and Zandery Field (Amry and Navy) at Paramaribo (now Suriname), became Johan Adolf Pengel International Airport. A Paramaribo was a lighter-than-air blimp base, used for U-boat patrols, the base opened in August 1943 and closed in August 194. FPO#404.[17][18]
Brazil Emergency advance bases (Naval patrol bases): On the northeastern coast of Brazil 16 bases, from the Brazil-United States Political-Military Agreement, agreed May 23, 1942. FPO# 335.[19][20]
- NAF Fortaleza in Fortaleza Harbor, with Pici Field (on Sítio Pécy farm) and "Adjacent Field". The Naval base support large bombers of the AAFBU Unit Fortaleza,. A K-class blimp was used for patrol. Fortaleza Pici Field (Chapada do Pici) at location 3°45′59″N 38°31′19″W / 3.766392°N 38.52199°W. Fleet Post Office (FPO) # was 90. Adjacent Field (Adjacento) at location 3°46′36″N 38°32′26″W / 3.77667°N 38.540529°W.[21][22][23]
- NAF Recife and NOF Recife at PV-1 Ventura used for patrol. One blimp was used for patrol also. The 150-bed Knox Hospital was built in 1942. The base also had a ship repair depot, to keep destroyers at sea. NAF Recife Fleet Post Office FPO# 120 NY and NOB Recife FPO# 1501. The United States Fourth Fleet worked out the base. The large base was closed in November 1945. At location 8°07′20″N 34°55′37″W / 8.122297°N 34.926906°W.[24][25]
- NAF Amapá, on the USS Humboldt (AVP-21) and USS Barnegat (AVP-10) to support VP-94. At location 1°23′22″N 49°58′53″W / 1.389334°N 49.981445°W. NAF Amapá was closed June 30, 1945.[26][27]
- NAF Belem at Belém harbor, stated on September 22, 1942. Took over Pam American and Brazilian airlines facilities. Naval base with seaplane ramp. Also at the site was the Val de Cans Airfield that became Belém/Val-de-Cans International Airport. Fleet Post Office FPO# 118 NY Belem, Brazil. NAF Belem at location 1°22′52″N 48°28′41″W / 1.381069°N 48.477995°W. NAF Belem was closed June 15, 1945.[28]
- NAF Parnamirim Field, in Natal became the busiest US air base in 1944. The two runways were the closest to French West Africa, so medium-range planes could use the route to get to Africa and many then on to Eurupoe. The shorter Northern route was often closed due to bad weather. NAF Parnamirim Field house 6,600 troops and seaplane port. Later became Parnamirim Airport and then Natal Air Force Base. Fleet Post Office FPO# 119 NY Natal, Brazil. At location 5°54′09″N 35°15′05″W / 5.902424°N 35.25151°W.[29][30]
- NAF Murcipe, Murcipe, Meireles port in Fortaleza. At location 3°43′32″N 38°29′53″W / 3.725427°N 38.498164°W.[31]
- NAF Maceio, in Maceio, Salvador. A nearby Lake Lagoa do Norte (North Lake) was used as seaplane base starting on June 1, 1941. A runway was used starting on July 22, 1943. FPO# 407.The base had two blimps. NAF Maceio was at location 9°38′10″N 35°42′56″W / 9.636161°N 35.715472°W.[32]
- Naval Base Camocim at Camocim, FPO# 411.
- Naval Base Canavieiras at Canavieiras, FPO# 329.
- NAF Ipitanga at Ipitanga, Salvador, near Salvador, Bahia, Lauro de Freitas on the Ipitinga River and the Port of Aratu. Port and blimps air base, became Salvador Bahia Airport. Was a Pan American Airways port. Feet Post Office FPO# 150 NY Bahia, Brazil. Port of Aratu base FPO# was 412. NAF Ipitanga was at location 12°54′53″N 38°18′29″W / 12.914635°N 38.308094°W. NOB Bahia FO# was 1502. [33]
- NAF Tirrical at Tirirical Airport. NAF Tirrical was at location 2°34′58″N 44°13′55″W / 2.582806°N 44.231843°W.
- NAF Igarapu, at Igarapu, Assu, in Cabo de Santo Agostinho. NAF Igarapu was at location 8°16′36″N 35°01′39″W / 8.276793°N 35.027597°W.
- NAF Fernando de Noronha, on a small archipelago island at Fernando de Noronha. Opened September 5, 1944 with long runway for plane going to French West Africa. NAF Fernando de Noronha had anti-submarine patrols. NAF Fernando de Noronha was at location 3°51′20″N 32°25′33″W / 3.855529°N 32.425853°W. FPO# 92.[34]
- NAF Caravellas, at Caravellas opened in January 1944 and closed August 1, 1945. NAF Caravellas had two blimps. The runway was used for supplies and emergency landings. FPO# 331. A nearby river was used as a port. NAF Caravellas was at location 17°44′02″N 39°15′54″W / 17.733782°N 39.264946°W.[35]
- NAF Victoria, at Victoria Airport, seven miles north the city of Vitória, Espírito Santo. Victoria Airport was buil tinthe 1930s. Blimps pad were added by Navy in April 1944. Fleet Post Office FPO# 153, Box C Victoria, Brazil. After war became Eurico de Aguiar Salles Airport at 20°15′29″S 40°17′11″W / 20.25806°S 40.28639°W.[36]
- NAF Rio de Janeiro, at Rio de Janeiro, after war became Rio de Janeiro/Galeão International Airport also in Rio de Janeiro was seaplane base. Fleet Post Office FPO# 153 NY Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. NOB Rio de Janeiro, Naval Base FPO# was 1505.[37]
- NAF Santos Dumont at Santos Dumont Airport, used by US Navy. Fleet Post Office FPO# 153, Box B Santos, Brazil. Santos Dumont Airport located at 22°54′36″S 043°09′45″W / 22.91000°S 43.16250°W [38]
- NAF São Paulo at São Paulo and ships at São Paulo harbor with seaplane base. Located at 23°33′00″S 46°38′00″W / 23.55°S 46.6333°W.[39]
- Naval Base Ascension Island on Ascension Island in the Atlantic was a naval and air station, it provided antisubmarine warfare operation in the Battle of the Atlantic. FPO# 316.
- NOF Rio Grande at Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, US Navy anchoring and base. Fleet Post Office FPO# 153, Box A Rio Grande, Brazil. Opened Sept. 11, 1944[40]
- Naval Base Santa Cruz at Santa Cruz, Rio de Janeiro. FPO# 332.
- Naval Base Iguape at Iguape, FPO# 334.
- Centro de Aviação Naval base a Brazil Base at Porto Alegre, was use in part by the US Navy. FPO#153.
- NOF Florianopolis at Florianopolis opened Aug. 23, 1944. Fleet Post Office FPO# 153, Box H Florianopolis, Brazil. Now Florianópolis Air Force Base.[41]
Ecuador Emergency advance base
- Santa Elena Bay seaplane base was built next to a new Army air base at Salinas, Ecuador . Ships had to anchor more than a mile off shore and transfer supplies to small boats. The seaplane base was built in January 1942. A pontoon pier was buit and seaplane base ramp. FPO# was 413. The base had 1,000-barrel of storage tanks.[42]
Honduras advance base
- Naval Base Puerto Castilla at Puerto Castilla, Honduras, on Cape Punta Caxinas, the Navy built a base to tender small craft at route to Cristóbal, Colón Panama and to refuel US Navy seaplanes. The base also was crash boat station. The base opened November 10, 1942 and closed in February 1946. The seaplane base was a naval auxiliary air facility. Some of the work done at the base was by Seabee Naval Construction Battalion Detachment 1012. [43]
Colombia advance base
- Naval Air Base Barranquilla' at Barranquilla, Colombia was Naval air base, and lighter-than-air base, with a repair shop, the land base patrol bombers also used parts of Soledad International Airport, closed in March 1945. The base was used to protect the Caribbean shipping lanes using the Panama Canal and the Colombian oil ports. Some of the work at the base was done by the Naval Construction Maintenance Unit 555.[44]
Panama
- Naval Base Panama Canal Zone a number of Navy bases used protect the Panama Canal and the key shipping lanes around the Panama Canal Zone.[45][46][47]
Allied convoys
Naval Base Trinidad and its sub-bases had the role of both hunting for submarines and providing air cover for Allied convoys. Convoys traveling from Key West to Aruba and Trinidad were give the code WAT. Allied convoy code TAW was given for the Trinidad to Aruba and Key West trips. Convoy code for Guantánamo to Aruba and Trinidad was GAT and the return trip TAG. Allies called the shipping lane between Guiana and Trinidad Torpedo Junction as it had many Allies merchant ships.[48] Columbus Channel which separates the southwest corner of Trinidad and Tobago from the coast of Venezuela was given the nickname Serpent’s Mouth.[49]
U-Boat threat
German submarine U-129 sank the tanker SS Nordvangen off Trinidad on 20 February 10, 1942. On 22 March 1944 U-129 sank the SS Anadyr off Recife, Brazil. U-129 was one of then U-Boats to not be sunk during the war.[56]
German submarine U-156 on June 1, 1942, sank the SS Alegrete of St. Lucia. On June 3, 1942 U-156 sank the SS Lillian south of Barbados. On May 29, 1942 U-156 sank the SS Norman Prince off St. Lucia. On May 21, 1942 U-156 sank the SS Presidente Trujillo off Martinique. On February 20, 1942 U-156 sank the SS Delplata off Martinique. A sea plane sank 'U-156 on March 8, 1943 off Barbados.[57]
German submarine U-67 U-67 sank the SS Penelope on 14 February 14, 1942 off St. Lucia. U-67 sank six other ships on her next tour off the north coast of South America. On 16 July, U-67 was sunk by a Grumman TBF Avenger with four Mk.7 depth charges.[58]
German submarines U-129, U-502, U-126 also spent time in the Caribbean. Some Italian submarines also patrolled the Caribbean: Luigi Torelli, Leonardo da Vinci, Enrico Tazzoli, Giuseppe Finzi and Morosini.
US Navy Patrol Bombing Squadron or VPB and VP were stationed at the Naval Base Trinidad and the Trinidad secondary bases. Trinidad VPB and VP were:
See also
- Waller Air Force Base in center of Trinidad
- Bombardment of Curaçao
- US Naval Advance Bases
- United States Naval Forces Southern Command
External links
- Government of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago
- Trinidad and Tobago Tourism Company official website
- Trinidad and Tobago. The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency.
- youtube.com Emeny Below, Trinidad destroyer story
- Wikimedia Atlas of Trinidad and Tobago
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{{cite web}}
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