Namni and Ḫazzi

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Namni and Ḫazzi
Mountain gods
Teššub
Major cult centerpossibly Aleppo[2]

Namni and Ḫazzi were two

Teššub, and it is possible they were worshiped alongside him in Aleppo. They are also attested in a variety of Hurrian and Hittite
religious texts. They do not play an active role in known myths of Hurrian origin, though allusions to a conflict involving them have been identified in texts dealing with other deities.

Names and character

Hurrian mythology
.

Both Namni

Jebel al-Aqra (historically known as Saphon and Cassius as well).[8] Namni might have represented the Anti-Cassius,[9][2] though the name has also been interpreted as one of the peaks of Jebel al-Aqra itself.[10] The breve under the first consonant of the former name is sometimes omitted in modern transcriptions, leading to the use of the spelling Hazzi.[2] Namni could also be referred to as Nanni.[11] However, in an offering list from Mari the theonym Nanni might be a variant of Nanaya instead,[12] though identification with the mountain god is supported by Jean-Marie Durand.[13]

In western Hurrian tradition Namni and Ḫazzi were associated with the weather god

Teššub.[9][2] Daniel Schwemer has informally described them as his "sidekicks".[14] Seals and reliefs showing an armed weather god straddling two mountains, multiple examples of which are known from Syria and Anatolia, are usually presumed to depict Namni and Ḫazzi.[15]

Worship

In ritual texts, Namni and Ḫazzi appear as members of the circle of deities associated with

CTH 785 has been identified as a festival focused on the mountain Ḫazzi.[19] According to Alfonso Archi it originated in Mukiš, and was later transferred to Kizzuwatna from this area.[20]

Namni and Ḫazzi were also incorporated into the pantheon of the

Šapinuwa.[11] In Emar they are attested in the so-called “Anatolian ritual” alongside Mušitu.[6] According to Daniel E. Fleming, the deities attested in it should be considered separate from the local pantheon, and were only celebrated due to their role in the religion of the Hittite Empire, which controlled the city at the time.[22]

Individuals bearing theophoric names invoking Ḫazzi have been identified in texts from Alalakh (Arip-Ḫazzi) and Ugarit (Ewri-Ḫazzi).[23]

Mythology

Namni and Ḫazzi understood as deities play no role in any of the myths considered to be a part of the so-called Kumarbi Cycle.[14] However, the mountain Ḫazzi is the residence of Teššub in the Song of Ḫedammu[24] and in the Song of Ullikummi he observes the eponymous monster from its peak.[25]

In the myth

Ugaritic god El.[28]

In Ugaritic texts

While

Mediterranean coast, where only the veneration of Saphon (Ḫazzi) is well attested.[29] Texts from Ugarit only use the form Ḫazzi if they are written in Akkadian, rather than in Ugaritic.[23]

References

  1. ^ a b c Ayali-Darshan 2020, p. 50.
  2. ^ a b c d e Archi 2013, p. 12.
  3. ^ Beckman 2002, p. 46.
  4. ^ Beckman 2002, p. 43.
  5. ^ Haas 2015, p. 137.
  6. ^ a b Wilhelm 1998, p. 140.
  7. ^ Röllig 1972, p. 241.
  8. ^ Schwemer 2008, p. 9.
  9. ^ a b Taracha 2009, p. 120.
  10. ^ Haas 2015, p. 138.
  11. ^ a b Taracha 2009, p. 97.
  12. ^ Haas 2015, p. 565.
  13. ^ Schwemer 2001, p. 228.
  14. ^ a b c Schwemer 2008, p. 7.
  15. ^ a b c Ayali-Darshan 2020, p. 49.
  16. ^ a b Haas 2015, p. 460.
  17. ^ Rutherford 2001, p. 604.
  18. ^ Haas 2015, p. 871.
  19. ^ Archi 2013, p. 6.
  20. ^ Archi 2009, p. 219.
  21. ^ Schwemer 2008, p. 22.
  22. ^ Fleming 1992, p. 271.
  23. ^ a b Röllig 1972, p. 242.
  24. ^ Archi 2009, p. 215.
  25. ^ Röllig 1972, pp. 241–242.
  26. ^ Ayali-Darshan 2020, p. 48.
  27. ^ Archi 2009, p. 220.
  28. ^ Bachvarova 2016, p. 26.
  29. ^ Ayali-Darshan 2020, pp. 49–50.

Bibliography

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