Palm kernel oil
Palm kernel oil is an edible
Palm kernel oil, palm oil, and coconut oil are three of the few highly
Palm kernel oil, which is semi-solid at room temperature, is more saturated than palm oil and comparable to coconut oil.
History
Oil from the African oil palm Elaeis guineensis has long been recognized in West African and Central African countries. European merchants trading with West Africa occasionally purchased palm oil for use in Europe, but palm kernel oil remained rare outside West Africa.[3]
The
Year | Production, million tonnes |
---|---|
2008–09 | 11.75 |
2009–10 | 12.22 |
2010–11 | 12.55 |
2011–12 | 13.28 |
Research institutions
In the 1960s, research and development (R&D) in oil palm breeding began to expand after Malaysia's Department of Agriculture established an exchange program with West African economies and four private plantations formed the Oil Palm Genetics Laboratory.[5] The Malaysian government also established Kolej Serdang, which became the Universiti Pertanian Malaysia (UPM) in the 1970s to train agricultural and agroindustrial engineers and agribusiness graduates to conduct research in the field.
In 1979 with support from the Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute (MARDI) and UPM, the government set up the Palm Oil Research Institute of Malaysia (Porim),
Nutrition
Palm kernel oil, similar to
Palm kernel oil is commonly used in commercial cooking because it is lower in cost than other oils and remains stable at high cooking temperatures. The oil can also be stored longer than other vegetable oils.[10][11]
The approximate concentration of fatty acids (FAs) in palm kernel oil is as follows:[12]
Uses
Splitting of oils and fats by hydrolysis, or under basic conditions saponification, yields fatty acids, with glycerin (glycerol) as a byproduct. The split-off fatty acids are a mixture ranging from C4 to C18, depending on the type of oil or fat.[13][14]
Derivatives of palmitic acid were used in combination with naphtha during World War II to produce napalm (aluminum naphthenate and aluminum palmitate).[15]
See also
References
- ISBN 92-5-104859-2.
- OCLC 5301713.
- ^ S. O. Aghalino (2000). "British Colonial Policies And The Oil Palm Industry In The Niger Delta Region Of Bayelsa, Nigeria, 1900–1960" (PDF). African Study Monographs. 21 (1): 19–33. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-01-16. Retrieved 2012-09-09.
- ^ "Table 01: Major Vegetable Oils: World Supply and Distribution (Commodity View)" (PDF). Oilseeds: World Markets and Trade. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-05-27. Retrieved 2010-05-24.
- ^ Hartley, C. W. S. (1988). The Oil Palm, 3rd edn. Longman Scientific and Technical, Harlow, U.K.
- ^ Development of Palm Oil and Related Products in Malaysia and Indonesia. Archived 2011-08-15 at the Wayback Machine. Rajah Rasiah & Azmi Shahrin, Universiti Malaya, 2006.
- ISBN 9781420006902. Retrieved 2 October 2012.
- ISBN 978-1437717938. Retrieved 2 October 2012.
- PMID 8644684.
- ^ a b "Palm Kernel oil". hudsonandknight.co.za. Hudson & Knight. Archived from the original on 17 October 2013. Retrieved 12 September 2012.
- ^ Bjorklund, Chad (22 November 2010). "What are the benefits of palm kernel oil?". livestrong.com. The Lance Armstrong Foundation. Retrieved 12 September 2012.
- ^ Ang, Catharina Y. W., KeShun Liu, and Yao-Wen Huang, eds. (1999). Asian Foods[page needed].
- S2CID 97657291.
- ^ "Free Fatty Acids : Butter". WebExhibits. Archived from the original on May 29, 2023.
- ^ Pike, John (July 7, 2011). "Napalm". globalsecurity.org. Archived from the original on Aug 29, 2023.