Soybean oil
Clinical data | |
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Trade names | Nutrilipid, Intralipid, others |
AHFS/Drugs.com | Professional Drug Facts |
License data |
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Pregnancy category |
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ECHA InfoCard | 100.029.340 |
Soybean oil (
History
Soybeans were cultivated in China by the late Shang dynasty, around 1000 BCE.[3] Shijing, the Book of Odes, contains several poems mentioning soybeans.[4]
Production
Country | Production, 2019 (tonnes) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | China | 15,998,400 | ||
2 | United States | 11,290,000 | ||
3 | Brazil | 11,263,345 | ||
4 | Argentina | 8,081,200 | ||
5 | India | 1,438,200 | ||
6 | Mexico | 874,503 | ||
7 | Paraguay | 704,200 | ||
8 | Russia | 741,173 | ||
9 | Egypt | 653,400 | ||
10 | Netherlands | 635,200 | ||
Source : FAOSTAT |
To produce soybean oil, the soybeans are cracked, adjusted for moisture content, heated to between 60 and 88 °C (140–190 °F), rolled into flakes, and solvent-extracted with hexanes. The oil is then refined, blended for different applications, and sometimes hydrogenated. Soybean oils, both liquid and partially hydrogenated are sold as "vegetable oil", or are ingredients in a wide variety of processed foods. Most of the remaining residue (soybean meal) is used as animal feed.
In the 2002–2003 growing season, 30.6 million tons (MT) of soybean oil were produced worldwide, constituting about half of worldwide edible vegetable oil production, and thirty percent of all fats and oils produced, including animal fats and oils derived from tropical plants.[5] In 2018–2019, world production was at 57.4 MT with the leading producers including
Composition
Soybean oil contains only trace amounts of fatty carboxylic acids (about 0.3% by mass in the crude oil, 0.03% in the refined oil).[7] Instead it contains esters. In the following content, the expressions "fatty acids" and "acid" below refer to esters rather than carboxylic acids.
Per 100 g, soybean oil has 16 g of saturated fat, 23 g of monounsaturated fat, and 58 g of polyunsaturated fat.
The high-proportion of oxidation-prone polyunsaturated fatty acid is undesirable for some uses, such as cooking oils. Three companies,
Trans-fat is also commonly introduced during conventional oil deodorization, with a 2005 review detecting 0.4 to 2.1% trans content in deodorized oil.[11][12][13]
Applications
Food
Soybean oil is mostly used for frying and baking. It is also used as a condiment for salads.
Drying oils
Soybean oil is one of many drying oils, which means that it will slowly harden (due to free-radical based polymerization) upon exposure to air, forming a flexible, transparent, and waterproof solid. Because of this property, it is used in some printing ink and oil paint formulations. However, other oils (such as linseed oil) may be superior[how?] for some drying oil applications[citation needed].
Medical uses
Soybean oil is indicated for parenteral nutrition as a source of calories and essential fatty acids.[14][15]
Fixative for insect repellents
While soybean oil has no direct
Trading
Soybean oil is traded at the Chicago Board of Trade in contracts of 60,000 pounds at a time. Prices are listed in cents and thousandths of a cent per pound, with a minimum fluctuation of 5/1000 cents.[18] It has been traded there since 1951.[19]
Below are the CQG contract specifications for Bean Oil:
Bean Oil (BOA) | |
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Exchange: | CBOT |
Sector: | Grain |
Tick Size: | 0.01 |
Tick Value: | 6 USD |
BPV: | 600 |
Denomination: | USD |
Decimal Place: | 2 |
References
- ^ a b "Fat emulsion Use During Pregnancy". Drugs.com. 30 June 2020. Retrieved 16 July 2020.
- ^ "Global vegetable oil consumption, 2019/20".
- ISBN 0-520-04229-8.
- S2CID 26735964.
- ^ United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Statistics 2004 Archived 2013-03-02 at the Wayback Machine. Table 3-51.
- ^ "World Soy Oil Production". The Soybean Processors Association of India. Archived from the original on 2019-01-04. Retrieved 2019-01-04.
- S2CID 33242242.
- ISBN 3527306730.
- ^ "Oil, soybean, salad or cooking Nutrition Facts & Calories". www.nutritiondata.com. Archived from the original on 2010-03-30. Retrieved 2012-11-22.
- ^ Ivanov DS, Lević JD, Sredanović SA (2010). "Fatty acid composition of various soybean products". Journal of the Institute for Food Technology in Novi Sad. 37 (2): 65–70. Archived from the original on 4 October 2013. Retrieved 21 June 2013.
- S2CID 4062268.
- ^ "Chapter 5 : Processing and refining edible oils". Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Retrieved 2021-07-04.
- OCLC 491265615.
- ^ "Nutrilipid I.V. fat emulsion- soybean oil injection, solution". DailyMed. 23 June 2020. Retrieved 16 July 2020.
- ^ "Intralipid- i.v. fat emulsion emulsion". DailyMed. 9 January 2019. Retrieved 16 July 2020.
- PMID 15311467. Archived from the originalon 2021-03-08. Retrieved 2018-12-29.
- PMID 12097535.
- ^ "CONSECUTIVE SOYBEAN OIL CSO – CONTRACT SPECS". CME Group. Retrieved 25 December 2020.
- ISBN 978-1-928914-89-1.
- ^ "Download Historical Bean Oil Intraday Futures Data (BOA)". PortaraCQG. Retrieved 2022-04-14.
External links
- "Soybean oil". Drug Information Portal. U.S. National Library of Medicine.