Para-Mongolic languages
Para-Mongolic | |
---|---|
Serbi–Awar (Xianbei–Wuhuan) Serbi (Xianbei) | |
(proposed) | |
Geographic distribution | northern China, Lake Baikal region |
Linguistic classification | ? Serbi–Mongolic
|
Subdivisions |
Para-Mongolic is a proposed group of languages that is considered to be an extinct sister branch of the Mongolic languages. Para-Mongolic contains certain historically attested extinct languages, among them Khitan and Tuyuhun.
Languages
The languages of the
Tuoba
Shimunek classifies Tuoba as a "Serbi" (i.e., para-Mongolic) language, along with Tuyuhun and Khitan.[6]
Rouran
Alexander Vovin (2018) suggests that the Rouran language of the Rouran Khaganate was a Mongolic language, close but not identical to Middle Mongolian.[7]
Khitan
Juha Janhunen (2006) classified the Khitan language into the "Para-Mongolic" family, meaning that it is related to the Mongolic languages as a sister group, rather than as a direct descendant of Proto-Mongolic.[8] Alexander Vovin (2017)[9] has also identified several possible loanwords from Koreanic languages into the Khitan language.
Tuyuhun
Vovin (2015) identified the extinct Tuyuhun language as a Para-Mongolic language.[10]
Internal classification
Shimunek (2017) proposes a "Serbi–Awar" group of languages that is a sister branch of the Mongolic languages. Together, the Serbi–Awar and Mongolic languages make up the Serbi–Mongolic languages in Shimunek's classification.[6]
- Serbi–Mongolic
- Mongolic
- Serbi–Awar (= Juha Janhunen's "Para-Mongolic")
See also
References
- ^ Andrews 1999, p. 72.
- ^ Janhunen 2003b, pp. 391–394.
- ^ Janhunen 2003a, pp. 1–3.
- ^ Vovin, Alexander (2007). "Once again on the Tabγač language". Mongolian Studies. XXIX: 191–206.
- ^ Chen, Sanping (2005). "Turkic or Proto-Mongolian? A Note on the Tuoba Language". Central Asiatic Journal. 49 (2): 161–73.
- ^ OCLC 993110372.
- S2CID 198833565.
- ISBN 978-1-135-79690-7.
- .
- ^ Vovin, Alexander (December 2015). "Some notes on the Tuyuhun (吐谷渾) language: in the footsteps of Paul Pelliot". Journal of Sino-Western Communications. 7 (2).
Bibliography
- Andrews, Peter A. (1999). Felt tents and pavilions: the nomadic tradition and its interaction with princely tentage. Vol. 1. Melisende. ISBN 1-901764-03-6.
- ISBN 9780700711338.
- ISBN 9780700711338.