Polish cathedral style

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
"Polish Cathedral" redirects here. For cathedrals that are Polish, see List of cathedrals in Poland.
Holy Trinity Church, Chicago, Illinois
The altar, side altars, and nave of St. Casimir Church in Cleveland, Ohio, on March 13, 2016, following Cleveland Mass Mob XX

The Polish cathedral

Middle Atlantic regions as well as in parts of New England.[1] These monumentally grand churches are not necessarily cathedrals, defined as seats of bishops or of their dioceses
.

Polish cathedral churches generally have large amounts of ornamentation in the exterior and interior, comparable only to the more famous

Polish immigrants to these regions in both the symbols and statuary of saints prominently displayed throughout. Additionally there is a heavy proclivity towards ornamentation drawn from the Renaissance and Baroque periods as well as modeling designs after famous churches in Poland.[3] The claim of different 'architectural styles' of Europe ascribed to these churches is misleading, as most of them are already labeled by art historians as examples of Eclecticism and Historicism, characterized by the various architectural revivals
found in styles of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. These churches exhibit a mixture of architectural traits from numerous past eras characteristic of Europe and the Americas.

A unique synthesis

St. Stanislaus Catholic Church, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
Cleveland, Ohio

Skerrett says Polish churches surpassed other immigrants' churches in size. Their style promoted the immigrants' vision of Polish identity.[4]

Kantowicz writes in The Archdiocese of Chicago: A Journey of Faith: "The preference of the Polish League for

Polish Catholicism
".

Immaculate Heart of Mary Church on Polish Hill in Pittsburgh

Peter Williams in his book Houses of God: Region, Religion, and Architecture in the United States on p. 179 writes,"[I]n

African-American or Latino
constituencies while others have been closed by their archbishops as no longer economically viable.

St. John Cantius Roman Catholic Church, Chicago, Illinois

The churches are major tourist attractions in Chicago, with tours devoted exclusively to them.

Chicago Architecture Foundation
's ArchiCenter held an exhibit on these treasures titled Chicago's Polish Churches.

These ornate temples were largely built by the working poor in these regions in the era spanning the period from the end of the American Civil War until the end of World War II.[7][8]

Criticism

Many of

pyramids of Egypt that were built by slaves.[9]

The need for identity was evident in the unique architecture of the Polish cathedral style. It was often associated with the religious order of the

Congregation of the Resurrection, in addition to the architectural styles of the Renaissance and Baroque periods.[10][11] Both in scale and scope, these edifices were attempts to contradict the marginal status of Polish immigrants in society. As a stateless people whose culture was systematically attacked in its homeland during the years of partition, they also had a low economic rank in the industrial centers to which they had immigrated at the turn of the century.[12] The construction of these churches greatly influenced the development of neighborhoods that surrounded them. World views that the Polish immigrants from the Old World retained, and their creative assimilation into the New World, shaped the landscape of the rapidly growing industrial regions to which they immigrated.[13]

List of churches built in the Polish cathedral style

Churches in the Polish cathedral style in the
Illinois
Church Location Dominant architectural theme
1. Church of St. Adalbert Lower West Side Neoclassical
2.
Church of St. Barbara
 Bridgeport Renaissance
3. Covenant
All Saints Polish National Catholic Cathedral
)
Bucktown
Gothic
4.
Church of St. Hedwig
Bucktown
Renaissance Revival
5.
Church of the Holy Innocents
 West Town
Byzantine
flourishes
6.
Church of the Holy Trinity
 West Town Renaissance
7.
Basilica of St. Hyacinth
 Avondale Renaissance
8.
Church of the Immaculate Conception
South Chicago
 Renaissance
9. Church of Our Lady of Tepeyac (formerly Church of St. Casimir) Lower West Side Baroque
10.
Church of St. John Cantius
 West Town Baroque
11. Church of St. John of God (closed in 1992; demolished 2011)
Back of the Yards
 Baroque
12.
Church of St. Joseph (Shrine
)
Back of the Yards
 Baroque
13.
Church of St. Josaphat
 Lincoln Park Romanesque
14.
Church of St. Mary of the Angels
Bucktown
 Neoclassical
15.
Church of St. Mary of Perpetual Help
 Bridgeport
Byzantine
16. Church of St. Michael the Archangel
South Chicago
Gothic
17. Salem
Baptist Church of Chicago
(formerly Church of St. Salomea) 		West Pullman
Gothic
18.
Church of St. Stanislaus Kostka
 West Town Renaissance
Churches in the Polish cathedral style in the suburbs of the
City of Chicago
Church Location Dominant architectural theme
1. Church of St. Andrew Calumet City Renaissance
2. Church of Sts. Cyril and Methodius Lemont Renaissance
3.
Church of St. Mary of Częstochowa
 Cicero
Gothic
Outside Chicago
Churches in the Polish cathedral style in Detroit, Michigan
Church Location Dominant architectural theme
1.
Church of Our Lady of Mount Carmel
 Wyandotte Renaissance
2.
Church of St. Florian
 Hamtramck
Gothic
3. Church of St. Stanislaus, Bishop and Martyr (closed in 1989) East Side
Romanesque
4. The Polish-American Historical Site Association (formerly Church of St. Albertus) East Side, Canfield Avenue Gothic Revival
5. Church of the Sweetest Heart of Mary East Side, Canfield Avenue Gothic Revival
6. Church of St. Francis of Assisi Southwest Side Italian Renaissance
7. Church of St. Hyacinth East Side Byzantine Romanesque
8. Church of St. Hedwig Southwest Side
9. Church of St. Casimir (demolished in 1967; the twin of the Church of St. Mary of Perpetual Help in Chicago, Illinois) Southwest Side Romanesque Byzantine
10. Church of St. John Cantius (closed in 2009) Delray Romanesque
11. Church of St. Josaphat East Side, Canfield Avenue Romanesque and Gothic Revival
Churches in the Polish cathedral style in Grand Rapids, Michigan
Church Location Dominant architectural theme
1. Basilica of St. Adalbert Grand Rapids Romanesque with Byzantine influence
Churches in the Polish cathedral style in Bay City, Michigan
Church Location Dominant architectural theme
1. Church of St. Stanislaus Kostka South side
Gothic Revival
Churches in the Polish cathedral style in
Cleveland, Ohio
Church Location Dominant architectural theme
1.
Shrine Church of St. Stanislaus
Slavic Village
 Gothic architecture
2. Church of St. Casimir
St. Clair-Superior
 Romanesque
3. Church of St. John Cantius Tremont Baroque and Art Deco
Churches in the Polish cathedral style in
Milwaukee, Wisconsin
Church Location Dominant architectural theme
1.
Church of St. Stanislaus
 South Side Renaissance
2.
Church of St. Adalbert
 South Side
Romanesque Revival
3.
Basilica of St. Josaphat
 South Side Baroque
4. Church of St. Casimir Riverwest Baroque
5. Church of St. Vincent de Paul South Side Romanesque
6. Church of St. Hedwig South Side Romanesque, Gothic
Churches in the Polish cathedral style in
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Church Location Dominant architectural theme
1.
Church of St. Stanislaus Kostka
 Strip District Romanesque
2.
Church of the Immaculate Heart of Mary
 Polish Hill Baroque
Churches in the Polish cathedral style in
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Church Location Dominant architectural theme
1. Church of St. John Cantius
Bridesburg
Gothic
2. Church of St. Adalbert
Port Richmond
Gothic
3. Church of St. Laurentius
Fishtown
Gothic
Churches in the Polish cathedral style in Winona, Minnesota
Church Location Dominant architectural theme
1. Basilica of Saint Stanislaus Kostka Downtown Romanesque
Churches in the Polish cathedral style in Western Massachusetts
Church Location Dominant architectural theme
1.
Basilica of St. Stanislaus
 Chicopee Center (Cabotville)
Baroque Revival
2.
St. Stanislaus Kostka Church
 Adams Gothic Revival
Churches in the Polish cathedral style in Buffalo, New York
Church Location Dominant architectural theme
1. Church of St. Stanislaus, Bishop and Martyr East Side
Romanesque Revival
2.
Basilica of St. Adalbert
 East Side
Romanesque Revival
3. Church of the Corpus Christi East Side
Romanesque Revival
4. Church of the Assumption of St. Mary Black Rock Gothic
Churches in the Polish cathedral style in Syracuse, New York
Church Location Dominant architectural theme
1. Basilica of the Sacred Heart of Jesus Westside
Gothic Revival
Churches in the Polish cathedral style in
Baltimore, Maryland
Church Location Dominant architectural theme
1.Church of the Holy Rosary
Upper Fells Point
 Romanesque
2.Church of St. Casimir Canton Romanesque
Churches in the Polish cathedral style in Connecticut
Church Location Dominant architectural theme
1. Church of St. Stanislaus Upper State Street Historic District, New Haven Baroque
2. Sacred Heart Parish New Britain Gothic Revival
Churches in the Polish cathedral style in Delaware
Church Location Dominant architectural theme
1. St. Hedwig's Roman Catholic Church Wilmington, Delaware Gothic Revival

See also

References

Notes
  1. ^ Williams, Peter W., "Houses of God: Region, Religion, and Architecture in the United States" pp. 157, 179–180 University of Illinois Press; Reprint edition (2000)
  2. ^ "Polish churches along the Kennedy Expressway" by Lilien, Marya, pp. 18–29, Spring 1980
  3. ^ The Archdiocese of Chicago: A Journey of Faith by Kantowicz, Edward pp. 27–29, Booklink, Ireland 2006
  4. Polish history
    and identity.
  5. ^ Polish Spires and Steeples Tour" Archived 2009-07-15 at the Wayback Machine
  6. ^ Chicago Special Interest: "Polish cathedral"
  7. ^ Chicago's Polish Downtown Victoria Granacki in association with the Polish Museum of America pp. 7–11, 14–16, 18–23 Arcadia Publishing 2004
  8. ^ Williams, Peter W., "Houses of God: Region, Religion, and Architecture in the United States" p. 178 University of Illinois Press; Reprint edition (2000)
  9. ^ a b Catholicism, Chicago Style by Skerrett, Ellen; Kantowicz, Edward R.; and Avella, Steven M., p. 147, Loyola University Press, 1993
  10. ^ Ethnic Chicago: A Mulicultural Portrait edited by Melvin G. Holli and Peter a'A Jones, pp. 178–9, 595–6, William B. Eerdman's Publishing Company, 1995
  11. ^ Swiderski, Klara and Robert, "Basilica of St. Hyacinth: Inside Religion", pp. 3–8, Ex Libris Galeria Polskiej Ksiazki, 2005
  12. ^ Piatkowska Danuta Polskie Kościoły w Nowym Jorku (The Polish Churches of New York [in Polish]), pp. 19–27, 559–61, Wydawnictwa Swietego Krzyza, 2002
  13. ^ Catholicism, Chicago Style by Skerrett, Ellen; Kantowicz, Edward R.; and Avella, Steven M., pp. 139–40, 146–50, 152–62, Loyola University Press, 1993

External links

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