Republic of Central Albania
Republic of Central Albania Republika e Shqipërisë së Mesme (Albanian) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1913–1914 | |||||||||
 Flag | |||||||||
 | |||||||||
| Status | Former unrecognized country | ||||||||
| Capital | Durrës | ||||||||
| Common languages | Albanian | ||||||||
| Government | Republic | ||||||||
| President | |||||||||
| Historical era | Between the Balkan Wars and the establishment of the Principality of Albania | ||||||||
• Established | 16 October 1913 | ||||||||
• Wilhelm, Prince of Albania takes control of the Principality of Albania after his arrival at port Durrës | 7 March 1914 | ||||||||
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The Republic of Central Albania (Albanian: Republika e Shqipërisë së Mesme) was a short-lived unrecognised state established on 16 October 1913, with its administrative centre in Durrës, today in Albania.[1]
History
The government of the Republic of Central Albania was established in
Wilhelm of Wied.[3] The flag of the Republic of Central Albania was red with white star in lower right part.[4]
The Republic of Central Albania issued its own
Faik Konitza initially gave his support to the government of Essad Pasha.[6]
Essad Pasha Toptani
The most important role in establishing the Republic of Central Albania had
Great Powers about the future status of the territory which today belongs to Albania.[citation needed
]
Support from the Kingdom of Serbia
The
kachaks from Kosovo and Macedonia.[7] They were led by Isa Boletini and supported by Ismail Qemali and his Provisional Government of Albania. Essad Pasha agreed to help the Kingdom of Serbia acquire part of the coastal areas north of Black Drin.[8]
Relations with the Ottoman Empire
Ahmed İzzet Pasha
Pro-Ottoman Muslim landowners and priests supported
Young Turk government and led by Bekir Fikri to restore Ottoman control over Albania through the installment of an Ottoman-Albanian officer Ahmed Izzet Pasha as monarch was uncovered by the Serbs and reported to the ICC.[10][11][12] Ismail Qemali supported the plot for military assistance against Serbia and Greece.[13][10][14] The International Control Commission (ICC), an organisation temporarily administering Albania on behalf of the Great Powers allowed their Dutch officers serving as the Albanian Gendarmerie to declare a state of emergency and stop the plot.[11][13][12] They raided Vlorë on 7–8 January 1914, discovering more than 200 Ottoman troops and arrested Fikri.[11][10][15] During Fikri's trial the plot emerged and an ICC military court under Colonel Willem de Veer condemned him to death[15] and later commuted to life imprisonment,[11] while Qemali and his cabinet resigned.[13] After Qemali left the country, turmoil ensured throughout Albania.[16]
Rivalry with Qemali's Provisional government of Albania
While
Albanians of Romania. Austria and Italy supported the intentions of Ismai Qemali and his government to create a state whose territory would span all areas populated by Albanians, including Kosovo, parts of Montenegro, Macedonia and Greece.[18]
In his work, Memorandum on Albania,
Essad Pasha Toptani denied that Qemali's government was legitimate, writing that it was "the personal creation of a number of men."[19]
Aftermath
| History of Albania |
|---|
 |
| Timeline |
By establishing the Republic of Central Albania,
Albanian vilayet
.
References
- ^ Elsie, Robert. "Introduction to Memorandum on Albania, written by Robert Elsie". Switzerland: Web site of Robert Elsie, specialist on Albanian studies. Archived from the original on 17 July 2011. Retrieved 8 January 2011.
On 16 October 1913, ... Toptani set up a rival government based in Durrës, called the Republic of Central Albania.
- ISBN 978-0810861886.
- ^ Elsie, Robert. "Introduction to Memorandum on Albania, written by Robert Elsie". Switzerland: Web site of Robert Elsie, specialist on Albanian studies. Archived from the original on 17 July 2011. Retrieved 8 January 2011.
He reluctantly stepped down when forced to by the Great Powers on 1 February 1914, being given as a consolation the right to lead the Albanian delegation which travelled to Germany to offer the Albanian throne to Prince Wilhelm zu Wied.
- ^ Cahoon, Ben (2000). "Albania". World Statesmen web site. Retrieved 8 January 2011.
- ^ "Stamp Atlas - Albania". Sandafayre. Archived from the original on 20 December 2010. Retrieved 19 January 2011.
Essad Pasha set up his own regime and issued stamps for central Albania.
- ISBN 1-84511-031-5.
had initially given his support to the government of Essad Pasha Toptani
- ISBN 86-447-0006-5. Retrieved 8 January 2011.
around 20,000 ethnic Albanians who fled Old Serbia and Macedonia found themselves on Albanian soil, while their leaders Hasan Pristina and Isa Boljetinac sat in the government at Valona. Austro-Hungarian and Italian emissaries and agents, mostly the clergy and teachers, suppressed Essad Pasha's influence and appealed to the ethnic Albanians to rise against the Serbs
- ISBN 1-86064-541-0. Retrieved 8 January 2011.
Serbia had come to an understanding with Essad. ...Essad Pasha will be sent money, military plan calls for the complete annihilation ..... of Ismail Kemal, Isa Boletini and their friends,.... to undertake boundary rectification, in accordance with Serbia's wishes, up to the Black Drin.
- ISBN 1-86064-541-0. Retrieved 8 January 2011.
The Young Turks ... still had hopes for restoring Ottoman suzerainty over Albania. They therefore sent agents to encourage insurrection...
- ^ ISBN 9783658189112.
- ^ ISBN 9783486496017.
- ^ a b Tütüncü 2017, pp. 41–42.
- ^ ISBN 9781349220502.
- ^ Tütüncü 2017, pp. 40, 42.
- ^ a b Tütüncü 2017, p. 41.
- ^ Tütüncü, Mehmet (2017). "Grebeneli Bekir Fikri Bey Albay Thomson'a Karşi 1914 Avlonya Olayı [Grebeneli Bekir Fikri Bey against Colonel Thomson: The Case of Vlorë 1914]". Düşünce Ve Tarih. 3 (31): 43.
- Toptani, Essad Pasha (16 April 1919). "Memorandum on Albania". Paris, France: Robert Elsie web site. Archived from the originalon 17 July 2011.
... two governments shared the administration of Albania: one in Vlora under the presidency of Ismail Kemal Bey and one in Durrës headed by myself.
- ^ Paulin Kolla (2003). "The Myth of Greater Albania". New York University Press. pp. 13–16. Retrieved 8 January 2011.
The Albanian government in Vlora wants Albania to unite all Albanian populated areas, including Kosova, parts of Macedonia and Montenegro, and the Greek region of Cameria. Austria and Italy support the Albanian position
- Toptani, Essad Pasha (16 April 1919). "Memorandum on Albania". Paris, France: Robert Elsie web site. Archived from the originalon 17 July 2011.
governments ... in Vlora under the presidency of Ismail Kemal Bey ... was the personal creation of a number of men
- ISBN 1-86064-541-0. Retrieved 8 January 2011.
Isolated Kemal government would not been able to rely for support upon majority of the north, predominantly Catholic population, who ..... remained jealous of their independence and were unwilling to surrender to national government as they had been to do so to the Porte.
External links
- Memorandum on Albania by Essad Pasha Toptani, published on the web site of Robert Elsie
- The highland lute: (Lahuta e Malcís) : the Albanian national epic by Gjergj Fishta,Robert Elsie,Janice Mathie-Heck,Centre for Albanian Stud
- The Albanians: a modern history, By Miranda Vickers
- Newspapers news about attempt of to accept call from Muslim landowners in Albania for throne of the province