Ahmed Izzet Pasha
Ahmed Izzet احمد عزت پاشا Mahmud Şevket Pasha | |
---|---|
Succeeded by | Enver Pasha |
Personal details | |
Born | 1864 Ottoman Army |
Years of service | 1884–1922 |
Rank | Field marshal |
Commands | Second Army Eastern Army Group |
Battles/wars | Yemeni–Ottoman conflicts Balkan Wars World War I |
Ahmed Izzet Pasha (1864 – 31 March 1937), known as Ahmet İzzet Furgaç after the Turkish
Early life and career
Ahmed Izzet was born in
In 1916, he was appointed commander of the Second Army which fought in the Caucasus alongside the Third Army.[2] In 1917, he was appointed to command the Anatolian Army Group, which comprised the Second and Third Armies.[5] The highest rank he held was that of marshal.
Grand Vizierate
After the war, and with the support from
İzzet Pasha issued a proclamation allowing deportees the right to return to their homes. Before his resignation he endorsed plans to form dozens of commissions that would return or compensate the losses of homes and businesses to Ottoman Greek and Armenian deportees. However these commissions often resulted in a returned property being inaccurately appraised, already looted, or occupied by resettled muhacirs. Local officials also complicated the process of return by refusing service. By 1920, 335,000 Ottoman Greek and Armenians returned to their homes, according to Ottoman press.[8] İzzet spent much of his 25 day premiership bedridden after catching the Spanish flu.
He was dismissed on 8 November 1918. Afterwards, he was criticized for allowing all three of the
"As long as I am in the cabinet, I will never turn you over to the enemy. But who knows how long I will remain in the cabinet?"
Republic
After the dissolution of the
Legacy
Ahmed Izzet Pasha's decisions during the Caucasus campaign have also been criticized and are regarded as one of the factors of its failure, while his subsequent high reputation in Turkey has been attributed to his successful activity during the Turkish War of Independence.[9]
See also
References
Citations
- ^ Atatürk Research Center – Halâs-I Vatan Cemiyeti Archived 2 January 2014 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ ISBN 0-89839-296-9
- ^ ISBN 1-85043-797-1.
- ^ Harp Akademileri Komutanlığı, Harp Akademilerinin 120 Yılı, İstanbul, 1968, p. 19. (in Turkish)
- ISBN 0-89839-296-9
- ISSN 0043-2539.
- ^ a b Gingeras 2022, p. 92.
- ^ Gingeras 2022, p. 104.
- ISBN 1-85043-797-1.
Bibliography
Gingeras, Ryan (2022). The Last Days of the Ottoman Empire. Great Britain: Penguin Random House.