Sanjak of Albania

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Sanjak of Albania
Sanxhaku i Shqipërisë
Sanjak of the Ottoman Empire
1415–1444

CapitalGjirokastër (since 1419)
Vlorë (since 1431)
History 
• Established
1415
• Disestablished
1444
Preceded by		 Succeeded by
John Zenevisi
Lordship of Zeta
League of Lezhë
Today part ofAlbania
Greece

The Sanjak of Albania (

Kalamas River in northwestern Greece
.

Background

During the 14th century, Ottoman rule began to extend over the Eastern Mediterranean and the

Albania consisting of small, quarreling fiefdoms ruled by independent feudal lords and tribal chiefs meant that an Ottoman invasion was difficult to defend against. In 1385, the ruler of Durrës, Karl Thopia, appealed to the sultan for support against his rivals, the Balšić family. An Ottoman force quickly marched into Albania along the Via Egnatia and routed Balša II in the Battle of Savra. The principal Albanian clans soon swore fealty to the Ottoman Empire. The Ottomans allowed conquered Albanian clan chiefs to maintain their positions and property, but they had to pay tribute, send their sons to the Ottoman court as hostages, and provide the Ottoman army with auxiliary troops.[1]

History

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The sanjak was established by 1415–17.[2] After 1431, the capital of the sanjak seems to have been Vlorë.[3]

In the 1431–32 period all rural and urban households and their property were registered in all ten districts of the Arvanid sanjak.[4] The 1432 register shows that districts in the Sanjak of Albania were further divided on 335 timars, each composed by two or three villages. The Arvanid register is one of the earliest available land registers in Ottoman Empire's archives,[5][6] and was published in 1954.[7]

In 1432 Andrew Thopia and

Turakhan Beg.[11]

In 1437, when

Ialomița River.[18]

Hadim Suleiman Pasha was the sanjak-bey of Albania briefly before becoming the sanjak-bey of Smederevo.[19]

The Sanjak of Albania was disestablished in 1444, after the

Çermenika.[3] At the same time the Sanjak of Avlona (Vlorë) was established with the sub-districts (kaza) of Skrapar, Përmet, Pogon, Tepelenë and Gjirokastër.[3]

Administration

The newly occupied Albanian lands were organized into the sancak-i Arvanid ("sanjak of the Arvanids"), a military-administrative district subject to the larger

beys.[3] The vilayets in turn were subdivided into nahiyes under the supervision of a naib (district-judge).[3] The Sanjak of Albania represents the first definition of Albania by the Ottoman Empire as a territorial unit, linking the Albanian language to a specific territory.[20]

In 1431–32 the Ottoman governor Umur Bey compiled a

Kalamas river valley in the south.[21]

1431–32 defter
Vilâyet Seat Notes
Ergirikasrı[7] or Zenebis[3] Ergirikasrı (Gjirokastër)
Klisura Klisura (Këlcyrë)
Kanina Kanina (Kaninë)
Belgrad Belgrad (Berat)
Tomorince Tomorince (
Tomorricë
)
İskrapar İskrapar (Skrapar)
Pavlo-Kurtik 20 timars (9 Christian).[7]
Çartolos
Akçahisar Akçahisar (Krujë)

Governors

References

  1. ^ Zickel, Raymond; Iwaskiw, Walter R. (1994), Albania: A Country Study ("The Ottoman Conquest of Albania")
  2. ISBN 978-0-914710-66-0
    . ...and by 1415-1417 the province of Albania, Arvanid-ili or Arnavud-ili, was constituted.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g Giakoumis 2004.
  4. ^ Zhelyazkova, Antonina (2000), Albanian Identities (PDF), Sofia: International Centre for Minority Studies and Intercultural Relations (IMIR), p. 11
  5. ^ Gök, Nejdet (2001), "Introduction of the Berat in Ottoman Diplomatics", Bulgarian Historical Review, no. 3–4, pp. 141–150
  6. ISBN 90-04-11902-7
  7. ^ a b c İnalcık 1954.
  8. ISBN 978-0-472-08260-5
  9. ISBN 978-2-7171-0025-9
    . Le sandjakbey d'Albanie, Ali bey Evrenos, partant de Gjirokastra, se porta aussitôt contre Arianite, mais les Turcs, selon le chroniqueur Oruc, furent battus à Buzurshek, dans la vallée du Shkumbin.
  10. ISBN 978-2-7171-0025-9
  11. ISBN 9004082654
  12. ^ Historia e Shqipërisë. Instituti i Historisë dhe i Gjuhësise. 1959. p. 268. Pasi u larguan ushtritë turke të Rumelisë, shpërtheu aty nga viti 1437-1438 një kryengritje tjetër në rrethin e Beratit, e krye- suar nga Theodhor Korona Muzaka, biri i të cilit, Jakup Beu, ishte në atë kohë sanxhakbeu i sanxhakut të Shqipërisë
  13. ^ Anamali 2002, p. 342.
  14. ^ İnalcık 1995, p. 76.
  15. ISBN 978-90-04-21904-5
    . Şehabeddin's first post outside the palace was as sanjak governor in Gjirokastrës, Albania (Albania).47 in 1439, after the change in imperial policy ...
  16. ^ Kaleši, Hasan (1956), "Prilog poznavanju arbanaške književnosti iz vremena preporoda" [A contribution to Arbanian literature conversance from the time of Renaissance] (PDF), Godišnjak (in Serbo-Croatian), vol. 1, Balkanološki institut, p. 354
  17. ^ Türk Tarih Kongresi: Kongrenin çalişmaları, kongreye sunulan tebliğler. Kenan Matbaası. 1994. p. 1693. Yerli Hristiyan beylerden birisi olan Teodor Muzaka'nın oğlu Yakup Bey, İslâma geçerken, Osmanlı yönetimi kadrosu içine sokulmuş ve 1442 yılının dolaylarında Arvanid sancak beyi makamına kadar çıkmayı başarmıştır.3 Adı geçen sancağın
  18. ^ Pulaha, Selami (1968). burime Osmane. Universiteti Shtetëror i Tiranës, Instituti i Historisë dhe i Gjuhësisë. p. 45. ... e Shehabedin pashait e nga sanxhakbejlerët si Firuz beu, Jakup beu, i biri i Teodor Muzakës 30, e gjithsej pesëmbëdhjetë bejlerë pri- jësa ranë aty të gjithë dëshmorë. Shumica e jeniçerëve u grinë. Vetëm Shehabedin pasha u arratis.
  19. ^ Archivum ottomanicum, Volumes 1–3, Mouton, 1969, p. 200
  20. ^ Licursi, Emiddio Pietro (2011), Empire of Nations: The Consolidation of Albanian and Turkish National Identities in the Late Ottoman Empire, 1878 – 1913, New York: Columbia University, p. 19
  21. ^ Nicol 1984, p. 204.

Sources

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