Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Baltimore

Coordinates: 39°17′38″N 76°37′02″W / 39.29389°N 76.61722°W / 39.29389; -76.61722
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

Archdiocese of Baltimore

Archidiœcesis Baltimorensis
Catholic
Cathedral of Mary Our Queen
Co-cathedralBasilica of the National Shrine of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary
Patron saintImmaculate Conception[citation needed]
St. Ignatius of Loyola[1]
Current leadership
PopeFrancis
ArchbishopWilliam E. Lori
Auxiliary BishopsAdam J. Parker
Bruce Lewandowski
Bishops emeritusEdwin Frederick O'Brien
Denis J. Madden
Map
Website
www.archbalt.org Edit this at Wikidata

The Metropolitan Archdiocese of Baltimore (Latin: Archidiœcesis Baltimorensis) is the archdiocese of the

Ecclesiastical Province of Baltimore
.

The Archdiocese of Baltimore is the oldest archdiocese in the United States. The Vatican granted the archbishop of Baltimore the right of

Plenary Councils in 1859.[2]
It is the premier episcopal see of the Catholic Church in the United States of America, as "prerogative of place".

As of 2020, the archdiocese had an estimated Catholic population of 525,000 with 198 diocesan priests, 193 religious priests and 169 permanent deacons in 139 parishes.

The Archdiocese of Baltimore has two major seminaries: St. Mary's Seminary and University in Baltimore and Mount St. Mary's Seminary in Emmitsburg.[3][4]

It was revealed in late 2016 that the Archdiocese of Baltimore had paid off numerous settlements since 2011 for abuse victims.[5]

Territory

The Archdiocese of Baltimore comprises the City of Baltimore and nine Maryland counties:

Allegany, Anne Arundel, Baltimore, Carroll, Frederick, Garrett–Harford, Howard, and Washington.

History

1600 to 1700

The first Catholic presence in the original British colonies in America was the proprietary colony of Maryland, established by Cecil Calvert, 2nd Baron Baltimore in 1634. A Catholic himself, Calvert intended the colony to be open to English Catholics facing persecution at home.

In 1689, members of the growing Puritan population in Maryland staged a takeover of the colonial government and effectively outlawed Catholicism.[6][7] In 1691, alarmed at the violent conflicts in Maryland, the British Crown took over the colony from the Calvert family.

1700 to 1789

See also:
History of Roman Catholicism in the United States § American Revolution

The new royal governor in Maryland imposed less sweeping restrictions on Catholics than those of the Puritan regime. These restrictions would stay in place until after the end of the American Revolution.

During the British colonial period, the small Catholic communities in the American colonies were under the ecclesiastical jurisdiction of the Apostolic Vicariate of the London District in England.[8] The first Catholic church in Baltimore, St. Peter's, was dedicated in 1770.[9]

In November 1783, after the end of the Revolution, the Catholic clergy in Maryland petitioned the Vatican for permission to nominate a priest as

hierarchy
, removing the American Catholic Church from the authority of the British Catholic Church

In November 1784, Pius VI erected the Prefecture Apostolic of the United States encompassing the entire country. Since Maryland had the largest Catholic population, Pope Pius VI placed the prefecture see in Baltimore and appointed Carroll as its first prefect apostolic.

1789 to 1800

Four years later, Pius VI elevated the prefecture into the Diocese of Baltimore, making it the first diocese solely within the United States.[10] St. Peter's, the only Catholic church in Baltimore, was designated as the pro-cathedral (temporary cathedral). The new Diocese of Baltimore covered the entire nation.

To train priests for his new diocese, Carroll asked the

Fathers of the Company of Saint Sulpice to come to Baltimore. They arrived in 1791 and started the nucleus of St. Mary's College and Seminary in that city.[11] Also in 1791, Carroll convened the first diocesan synod in the United States. Twenty-two priests attended the synod, setting national policies for baptism, confirmation, penance, the celebration of the liturgy in the mass, anointing of the sick, and mixed marriages.[12]

The Vatican in 1795 appointed Reverend Leonard Neale as coadjutor bishop in Baltimore to assist Carroll.[13] In 1798, Carroll won a civil case in Pennsylvania that acknowledged his position as leader of the American church.[11] Carroll gave his approval to the founding of the Order of the Visitation of Holy Mary, who in 1799 established Visitation Academy in Georgetown.[14][15]

1800 to 1821

Carroll ordained the first American-born Catholic priest, Reverend William Matthews, at St. Peter's Pro-Cathedral in Baltimore in 1800.[16] In 1806, Carroll started construction of the Cathedral of the Assumption in Baltimore[17] As the Catholic population of the United States grew, the Vatican saw the need to create more dioceses. In 1808, Pope Pius VII erected four new dioceses from what now became the Archdiocese of Baltimore. The pope named Carroll as the first archbishop of Baltimore.[10]

Name of new diocese Territory taken from archdiocese in 1808
Diocese of Boston Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, Connecticut, and Vermont
Diocese of New York State of New York and seven counties from New Jersey
Diocese of Philadelphia
 Pennsylvania, Delaware, and seven counties from New Jersey
Diocese of Bardstown Kentucky, Tennessee, Ohio, and the Old Northwest Territory

After Carroll died in 1815, Neale automatically succeed him as archbishop of Baltimore. However, due to Neale's bad health,

coadjutor archbishop. When Neale died in 1817, Maréchal succeeded him as archbishop of Baltimore.[13][18]

Maréchal believed that his most pressing problem was a shortage of priests. It was aggravated by parish trustees who thought they had the power to assign these priests.[19] In some Irish parishes, the trustees would demand Irish priests, even if they were not qualified.[20] In 1820, Bishop Flaget of Bardstown warned Maréchal about a man claiming to be a priest who wanted to practice in the archdiocese. This individual produced positive letters of introduction from his bishop. However, when he was observed celebrating mass, it became clear that the so-called priest was incompetent. Maréchal later advised the Propaganda Fide (now the Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples) in Rome about this problem.[21]

1821 to 1850

Maréchal dedicated the completed Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary Cathedral in May 1821.

White Marsh plantation in Bowie. The Order of Jesus had received the plantation as a gift in 1728 and claimed it as their property. Maréchal said that the plantation actually belonged to the archdiocese. The Vatican gave the archdiocese ownership of White Marsh.[22][18]

On January 8, 1828, Reverend

African American community.[24] He authorized the foundation of the Oblate Sisters of Providence, the first religious order of African-American women in the United States. Whitfield talked about how he would have liked to evangelize the hundreds of thousands of enslaved African-Americans in Virginia.[25]

Brothers of the Christian Schools founded Calvert Hall School
in 1845 in Baltimore.

In 1847, Eccleston was planning to disband the Oblate Sisters of Providence, but was dissuaded by Redemptorist Father Thaddeus Anwander.

St. Charles College was established in 1848 in Howard County on land donated by the planter Charles Carroll.[28] Between 1837 and 1849, Eccleston held five provincial councils in Baltimore.[29] He also started several new parishes during his administration.[30]
Eccleston died in 1851.

1850 to 1866

The Vatican continued to erect new dioceses and vicariates out of the Archdiocese of Baltimore through the 19th century as the church evolved and grew in the United States.[31]

Name of new diocese Date of new diocese Territory taken from archdiocese
Diocese of Charleston 1820 North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia
Diocese of Richmond 1820 Most of Virginia
Vicariate Apostolic of Mississippi and Alabama 1822 Mississippi and Alabama
Vicariate Apostolic of the Oregon Territory[31] 1843 From California to Alaska and from the Rocky Mountains to the Pacific Ocean
Diocese of Richmond 1858 Alexandria, Virginia
Diocese of Wilmington
 1868 Delaware and the remaining Virginia counties

Following the death of Eccleston, Bishop

Diocese of Louisville, appointed by Pope Pius IX.[35]

1866 to 1900

In 1866, Spalding founded

American College at Louvain in Belgium[30] He also organized the Society of Saint Vincent de Paul as well as the Association of St. Joseph, a society for the care of impoverished girls.[39]

After the end of the American Civil War in 1865, Spalding raised $10,000 in the archdiocese for relief efforts in the former Confederate States of America. He also took a special interest in the spiritual welfare of the African-Americans who had just been freed from slavery. Writing to Archbishop John McCloskey, Spalding said, "Four million of these unfortunates are thrown on our charity, and they silently but eloquently appeal to us for help."[36] He invited Reverend Herbert Vaughan and the Mill Hill Fathers from England to minister exclusively among freedmen. In October 1866, Spalding presided over the Second Plenary Council of Baltimore.[39][40]

After Spalding died in 1871, Pius IX appointed bishop James Bayley from the Diocese of Newark as the next archbishop of Baltimore in 1872.[41] He convened the Eighth Provincial Synod in 1875 and enacted new regulations on clerical dress, mixed marriages, and church music. Bayley consecrated the cathedral in 1876 and retired a large amount of archdiocesan debt. In May 1877, Pius IX selected Bishop James Gibbons of Richmond as coadjutor archbishop to assist the sick Bayley. After Bayley died in October 1877, Gibbons succeeded him as archbishop of Baltimore.[42] In 1884, Gibbons founded the House of the Good Shepherd in Baltimore, a reformatory for female criminals.[43]

1900 to 1940

After the end of

US Constitution passed in 1920, allowing women to vote, Gibbons urged women to exercise that right, describing it "...not only as a right but as a strict social duty."[44]
Gibbons died in 1921

Bishop

Catholic Charities in 1923 and for the Society for the Propagation of the Faith in 1925.[48]

In 1939,

District of Columbia and five nearby Maryland counties from the Archdiocese of Baltimore.[49] The pope selected Curley to serve as archbishop of Washington. The two archdioceses now shared the same archbishop.[50] Curley used the title of Archbishop of Baltimore-Washington during this period, although the two archdioceses were separate entities.[51]

1940 to 1989

After Curley died in 1947, Pius XII appointed Monsignor

Cathedral of Mary Our Queen in Baltimore in 1959; he also built many new schools, homes, and orphanages.[52]

In July 1961,

American Civil Rights movement. He banned racial segregation in all of the archdiocesan institutions in 1962[54] and participated in the 1963 March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom.[55] Shehan also maintained good relations with the Jewish and Eastern Orthodox communities in the archdiocese.[55] Shehan worked with his friend Harry Lee Doll, Episcopal Bishop of Maryland, on both civil rights and ecumenical issues. Along with the president of St. Mary's Seminary and University, Shehan and Doll in 1968 founded the Ecumenical Institute at St. Mary's.[56]

Following Shehan's retirement in 1974, Pope Paul VI named Bishop William Borders of the Diocese of Orlando as the 13th archbishop of Baltimore that same year.[57]

During his 15-year tenure in Baltimore, Borders divided the archdiocese into three

Catholic Charities grew from $2.5 million a year to $33 million a year, and its staff expanded from 200 to over 1,000.[62]
Borders retired in 1989.

1989 to present

Basilica of the National Shrine of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary.[64]

After Keeler retired in 2006, John Paul II replaced him with Archbishop

Equestrian Order of the Holy Sepulchre of Jerusalem
in Rome.

In 2012, Bishop William E. Lori of Bridgeport was appointed archbishop of Baltimore by Pope Benedict XVI. In 2019, Lori released “The Journey to Racial Justice: Repentance, Healing and Action.” The document acknowledged racism in the Catholic Church and suggested measures to combat it. That same year, Lori instituted an initiative for reporting allegations against any bishop in the archdiocese. The policy was drafted by the archdiocesan independent review board.

As of 2023, Lori is the current archbishop of Baltimore.

Plenary councils of Baltimore

The Plenary Councils of Baltimore were three national meetings of American Catholic bishops in the 19th century.

  • First Plenary Council (1852) – The First Council published a decree requiring priests immigrating to the United States to provide letters of reference from their previous bishops before they could practise ministry in this country. The council also passed a requirement that Catholic engaged couples publish
    marriage banns
    .
  • Second Plenary Council (1866) – The Second Council advocated the churching of women, a ceremony blessing women after childbirth, and setting age 10 as the age for first communion.
  • Third Plenary Council (1884) – The Third Council set six holy days of obligation for Catholics and appointed a commission to draft a catechism.

Sexual abuse

In July 1995, John Merzbacher, a teacher at Catholic Community Middle School in south Baltimore, received four life sentences after being convicted of raping Elizabeth Ann Murphy at the school in the 1970s.[67] At the time, prosecutors also found evidence that Marzbacher sexually abused 13 other male and female students when he taught there.[68][67] Merzbacher died in prison in May 2023.[68]

In 2016, the archdiocese confirmed that it had paid a total of $472,000 to settlements to 16 former students of Archbishop Keough High School. The plaintiffs claimed to have been sexually abused as children by Reverend A. Joseph Maskell from 1967 to 1975.[69][70][71] After the archdiocese removed Maskell from ministry in 1994, he fled to Ireland.[72] He was never charged with any crimes."[73]

The archdiocese was featured in the 2017 Netflix documentary The Keepers, investigated sexual abuse by clergy at Archbishop Keough High School and the murder of Sister Catherine Cesnik in 1969.

A report released by Pennsylvania Attorney General

William Keeler for criticism. When Keeler was archbishop of Baltimore, he allowed Reverend Arthur Long to transfer from the Diocese of Harrisburg to the Archdiocese of Baltimore.[74] Long had been accused of sexually abusing children during his time in Harrisburg when Keeler was bishop there .[74][75] After the grand jury report was released, the archdiocese canceled plans to named a new elementary school after Keeler.[76]

In February 2019, Maryland Attorney General Brian Frosh launched an investigation into sexual abuse allegations against the archdiocese.[77] Archbishop Lori provided Frosh with over 50,000 pages of internal documents dating back to 1965.[78]

In March 2019, Lori banned former Auxiliary Bishop

Gordon Bennett, then residing in the archdiocese, from practicing any form of ministry in the archdiocese or the suffragan Diocese of Wheeling–Charleston. Bennett had been accused of sexual abuse in 2006.[79][80][81] In April 2019, the archdiocese added the names of 23 deceased clergy to a list of accused clergy which the archdiocese published in 2002.[82][83] Long, a Jesuit, was among those added to the list.[82][83]

The State of Maryland investigation concluded in November 2022,[84] and its report was released in April 2023.[85][86][68] The report named 156 archdiocesan employees and clergy as having credible accusations of sexually abusing more that 600 children between 1940 and 2002.[85][68][87] At the same time as the release of the report, the Maryland General Assembly passed a bill to end a statute of limitations on abuse-related civil lawsuits.[88] This bill was signed into law by Governor Wes Moore in April 2023.[89]

On September 29, 2023, the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Baltimore in the US filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy to evade large anticipated financial losses in upcoming lawsuits permitted by the Maryland Child Victims Act starting on October 1.[90][91][92][93]

By April 2024, at least four people affiliated with the New Dimensions Ministries church in Salisbury were arrested on sex abuse charges.[94][95]

Episcopate

Prerogative of place

In 1858, the

councils, gatherings, and meetings. It did not matter if another archbishop had been elevated sooner or had been serving long. However, a cardinal still had precedence over the archbishop of Baltimore.[15]

Cathedrals

The first cathedral for the archdiocese was

Cathedral of Mary Our Queen and the Basilica of the National Shrine of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary.[96]
The archbishop is considered the pastor of both co-cathedrals, appointing rectors to operate them.

St. Peter's Pro-Cathedral

St. Peters served as the base for the archbishop of Baltimore from 1790 to 1821. Since it never met the physical criteria for a proper cathedral and was always considered temporary, St. Peter's was termed a pro-cathedral. The building was razed in 1841.

Basilica of the National Shrine of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary

Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary was constructed between 1806 and 1821. It was the first cathedral in the newly independent United States and is considered the mother church of the country. It is a co-cathedral of the archdiocese.

Cathedral of Mary Our Queen

Mary Our Queen was started in 1954 and completed in 1959. It is a co-cathedral of the archdiocese.

Bishops

Carroll laying the cornerstone for the Cathedral of the Assumption on Cathedral Hill in Baltimore

Prefect Apostolic of the United States

John Carroll (1784–1789), appointed first diocesan bishop with erection of diocese[97]

Bishop of Baltimore

John Carroll (1789–1808), elevated to Archbishop[97]

Archbishops of Baltimore

  1. John Carroll (1808–1815)
  2. coadjutor archbishop
    1795–1815)
  3. Ambrose Maréchal (1817–1828)
  4. James Whitfield (1828–1834; coadjutor archbishop 1828)
  5. Samuel Eccleston (1834–1851; coadjutor archbishop 1834)
  6. Francis Patrick Kenrick (1851–1863)
  7. Martin John Spalding (1864–1872)
  8. James Roosevelt Bayley (1872–1877)
  9. James Gibbons (1877–1921) (Cardinal in 1886)
  10. Michael Joseph Curley (1921–1947)
  11. Francis Patrick Keough (1947–1961)
  12. Lawrence Shehan (1961–1974; coadjutor archbishop 1961) (Cardinal in 1965)
  13. William Donald Borders (1974–1989)
  14. William Henry Keeler
    (1989–2007) (Cardinal in 1994)
  15. Equestrian Order of the Holy Sepulchre
    (Cardinal in 2012)
  16. William Edward Lori (2012–present)[97]

Current auxiliary bishops

Former auxiliary bishops

Other diocesan priests who became bishops

Priests appointed, but never ordained, as bishops

Dominic Laurence Grässel appointed Coadjutor Archbishop of Baltimore in 1793 but the notice arrived after his death

Notable individuals

  • Sister Elizabeth Ann Seton - Seton founded the first American congregation of religious sisters, the Sisters of Charity of St. Joseph, in Emmitsburg, Maryland, in 1809. A year later, she opened the first free Catholic school for girls in the United States.[98] In 1975, Seton became the first American-born person to be canonized a saint.
  • Mother Mary Lange - Lange opened a free school in her Baltimore home for African American children who were denied access to other schools in the city. In 1828, Lange founded the Oblate Sisters of Providence, the first sustained religious order for African American women in the United States. She also opened what would later become St. Frances Academy, the first Catholic School for African-American children in the United States. In 1991, the Catholic Church opened a cause of sainthood for Lange, naming her a "servant of God."[99]

Education

Main article: List of schools in the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Baltimore

As of 2023, the Archdiocese of Baltimore had 40 elementary and middle schools and 18 high schools with a total student enrollment of approximately 24,000.[100]

High schools

School Location Gender Diocesan or independent
Archbishop Curley High School Baltimore Boys Diocesan
Archbishop Spalding High School Severn Coed Diocesan
Bishop Walsh School Cumberland Coed Diocesan
Calvert Hall College Baltimore / Towson Boys Independent
Cristo Rey Jesuit High School Baltimore Coed Independent
Loyola Blakefield Baltimore / Towson Boys Independent
Maryvale Preparatory School Brooklandville Girls Independent
Mercy High School Baltimore Girls Independent
Mount de Sales Academy Baltimore / Catonsville Girls Independent
Mount Saint Joseph College
 Baltimore / Irvington Boys Independent
Notre Dame Preparatory School Baltimore / Towson Girls Independent
Our Lady of Mount Carmel High School
 Baltimore Coed Diocesan
St. Frances Academy
 Baltimore Coed Diocesan
St. John's Catholic Preparatory Buckeystown/ Frederick County Coed Independent
St. Maria Goretti High School Hagerstown Coed Diocesan
St. Mary's High School Annapolis Coed Diocesan
The Catholic High School of Baltimore
 Baltimore Girls Independent
The John Carroll School
Bel Air
 Coed Independent

Churches

Main article: List of churches in the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Baltimore

Media

The archdiocese began to publish its diocesan newspaper, The Baltimore Catholic Review in 1913 as the successor to the earlier diocesan publication The Catholic Mirror, published 1833 to 1908. The name has since been shortened to The Catholic Review. It changed from weekly to biweekly publication in 2012 and transformed again to a monthly magazine in December 2015.[103]

Ecclesiastical province

When the Archdiocese of Baltimore was erected in 1808, its

Portland in Oregon in 1850. The province currently contains the following suffragan dioceses:

Ecclesiastical province of Baltimore
  • Diocese of Arlington
  • Diocese of Richmond
  • Diocese of Wheeling-Charleston
  • Diocese of Wilmington

See also

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External links

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