Rump state

A rump state is the remnant of a once much larger

Examples

Ancient history

• During the
  Second Intermediate Period, following the conquest of Lower Egypt by the Hyksos, there was a rump Egyptian kingdom in Upper Egypt centered on Thebes, which eventually reunified the country at the start of the New Kingdom.^[2][3][4]
• The Seleucid Empire lost most of its territory to the Parthian Empire.^[5]
• After the collapse of the Western Roman Empire in Gaul, the Kingdom of Soissons survived as a rump state under Aegidius and Syagrius, until it was conquered by the Franks under Clovis I in 486.^[6]
• The
  Eastern Roman Empire (to 1453 AD) can be considered a rump state of the Roman Empire after the fall of the Western Roman Empire
  in 476 AD

• The Sultanate of Rum was a rump state of the Seljuk Empire.^[7]
• Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia was an Armenian rump state in Cilicia.^[8]
• Qara Khitai was a rump state of the Liao dynasty.^[9]
• Guge was a rump state of the Tibetan Empire.
• After the
  Almoravid conquest of the Taifa of Zaragoza in 1110, the taifa's last ruler, Abd-al-Malik, maintained a tiny rump emirate at Rueda de Jalón until his death in 1130.^[10]
• After the Jin dynasty assumed control over northern China in 1127, the Southern Song existed as a rump state of the Northern Song dynasty, although it still retained over half of Northern Song's territory and more than half of its population.^[11][12]
• After the Ming dynasty established control over China proper in 1368, the Yuan dynasty retreated to the Mongolian Plateau and survived as a rump state called the Northern Yuan.^[13]
• By summer 1503,
  Safavid Empire by Ismail I.^[14]
• After the fall of the Malacca Sultanate in 1511 to the Portuguese naval forces, many of the Malaccan royalty and nobility retreated to the southern region of the Malay Peninsula and established the Johor Sultanate.^[15]
• After the Spanish conquest of the Inca Empire in 1532, the Neo-Inca State based at Vilcabamba survived as a rump state until 1572.^[16]
• The Southern Ming was a series of rump states of the Ming dynasty that existed after the Jiashen Incident of 1644 until the completion of conquest by the Qing dynasty.

Modern history

• Russia, Prussia, and Austria in 1772.^[17] The resulting rump state was partitioned again in 1793 and annexed outright in 1795. After Napoleon's victory in the War of the Fourth Coalition in 1807, he created a new Polish rump state, the Duchy of Warsaw.^[18] After Napoleon's defeat, the Congress of Vienna created a state, Congress Poland
  in 1815.
• The modern country of Luxembourg is the rump state of the former Duchy of Luxembourg, which lost two thirds of its territory due to multiple partitions between 1659 and 1839. This was cemented by the Treaty of London, which gave most of its former territory to newly-independent Belgium.^[19]
• The
  Austro-Hungarian Empire.^[20]
• Republic of Armenia became a rump state in 1920 after Turkish invasion.^[21][22][23]
• The fascist Italian Social Republic, a German puppet state led by Benito Mussolini, was a rump state of the Kingdom of Italy between 1943–1945.^[24][25][26]
• retreated to the island of Taiwan.^[27] Although the original territory was reduced to Kinmen and Matsu Islands, the ROC had obtained control of the island of Taiwan and Penghu from the Empire of Japan in 1945, a controversial status that remains legally debated to this day.^[28]
• Slovenian and Croatian declarations of independence on 25 June 1991 and the legal dissolution of Yugoslavia on 27 April 1992.^[30]

• Government in exile
• List of historical unrecognized states and dependencies
• Puppet state
• Successor state
• Secession

References

Citations