Small Indian mongoose
Small Indian mongoose | |
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Small Indian mongoose in Panna National Park | |
Scientific classification | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Chordata |
Class: | Mammalia |
Order: | Carnivora |
Suborder: | Feliformia |
Family: | Herpestidae |
Genus: | Urva |
Species: | U. auropunctata
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Binomial name | |
Urva auropunctata (Hodgson, 1836)
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Native distribution of the small Indian mongoose in 2016[1] | |
Synonyms | |
Mangusta auropunctata |
The small Indian mongoose (Urva auropunctata) is a
Taxonomy
Mangusta auropunctata was the
- Mangusta pallipes proposed by Edward Blyth in 1845 was based on mongooses observed in Kandahar, Afghanistan.[3]
- Herpestes palustris proposed by R. K. Ghose in 1965 was an adult male mongoose collected in a swamp on the eastern fringe of Kolkata, India.[4]
The small Indian mongoose was later classified in the genus Herpestes; all Asian mongooses are now classified the genus Urva.[5]
The small Indian mongoose was once considered a subspecies of the Javan mongoose (H. javanicus).[6] Genetic analysis of hair and tissue samples from 18 small Indian and Javan mongooses revealed that they form two clades and are distinct species.[7]
Characteristics
The small Indian mongoose's body is slender, and the head is elongated with a pointed snout. The length of the head and body is 509–671 millimetres (20.0–26.4 in). The ears are short. The feet have five toes and long claws. Sexes differ in size, with males having a wider head and bigger bodies.[8]
It can be distinguished from the often
Distribution and habitat
The small Indian mongoose is distributed in
In Iraq, the small Indian mongoose lives in the alluvial plains of the Tigris–Euphrates river system, where it inhabits riverine thickets, crop fields and orchards.[11] It was also observed in the Hammar Marshes.[12]
In Iran, it was recorded only in a few localities in the south and east, in particular in
In Pakistan, it occurs on the
In India, it was observed in forested areas ofIn 2016, the European Commission added the small Indian mongoose to the annual list of invasive and alien species.[19]
Introduction to Caribbean
In 1872, nine small Indian mongooses were introduced to Jamaica from India to control black (Rattus rattus) and brown rats (R. norvegicus) on sugarcane plantations. They reproduced within a few months.[20] In the 1800s, sugarcane plantations were established on many Pacific islands such as Hawaii and Fiji. Sugarcane attracted rats, which caused widespread crop failure and loss. Attempts to introduce the small Indian mongoose on Trinidad in 1870 for the purpose of rat control were not successful.[21] From 1870 onwards, it was introduced to all of the
Introduction to Hawaii
Offspring from Jamaican small Indian mongooses were shipped to plantations on other islands.[20] Early 1900s accounts claimed that introduced mongooses were effective at reducing the number of rats, mice and insects.[25] However, the mongooses also preyed on native birds that had evolved in the absence of any mammalian predators. The mongooses also raided the nests of green sea turtles to consume eggs and turtle hatchling.[26]
Introduction to Okinawa
In 1910, the small Indian mongoose was introduced to Okinawa Island, and in 1979 also to Amami Ōshima Island in an attempt to control the venomous pit viper Protobothrops flavoviridis and other perceived 'pests'; the mongoose has since become a pest itself.[27]
Introduction to Dalmatian islands
The small Indian mongoose was introduced to the
Behaviour and ecology
The small Indian mongoose uses about 12 different vocalizations.[31]
Diet
In Pakistan, the small Indian mongoose feeds primarily on
Diseases
Small Indian mongooses in northern Okinawa Island were found to be infected with Leptospira[33] and antibiotic-resistant strains of Escherichia coli.[34] The small Indian mongoose is a major rabies vector in Puerto Rico, but transmission to humans is low.[35]
References
- ^ . Retrieved 26 November 2021.
- ^ Hodgson, B. H. (1836). "Synoptical description of sundry new animals, enumerated in the Catalogue of Nipalese Mammals". Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal. 5 (52): 231–238.
- ^ Blyth, E. (1845). "Additions and corrections to Rough notes on the Zoology of Candahar and the neighbouring districts by Thomas Hutton". Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal. 15 (170): 169–170.
- ^ Ghose, R. K. (1965). "A new species of mongoose (Mammalia: Carnivora: Viverridae) from West Bengal, India". Proceedings of the Zoological Society of Calcutta. 18 (2): 173–178.
- ^ "Urva auropunctata (Hodgson, 1836)". ASM Mammal Diversity. Retrieved 2021-07-08.
- OCLC 62265494.
- S2CID 84419834.
- JSTOR 3504091.
- JSTOR 177098.
- S2CID 27623208.
- ^ Hatt, R.T. (1959). "Biotic Provinces of Iraq". The Mammals of Iraq. 106. Ann Arbor, Michigan: Museum of Zoology. pp. 13–16.
- ^ Abass, A.F. (2013). The relative abundance and biological indicators of mammals' community in east Hammar (M.Sc. Thesis). Basra, Iraq: University of Basra, Iraq.
- ^ Karami, M.; Hutterer, R.; Benda, P.; Siahsarvie, R. & Kryštufek, B. (2008). "Annotated check-list of the mammals of Iran". Lynx. Nova. 39 (1): 63–102.
- ^ Mahmood, T. & Nadeem, M.S. (2011). "Population estimates, habitat preference and the diet of small Indian mongoose (Herpestes javanicus) in Potohar Plateau, Pakistan". Pakistan Journal of Zoology. 43 (1): 103–111.
- ^ .
- ^ .
- .
- ^ Shekar, K.S. (2003). "The status of mongooses in central India". Small Carnivore Conservation (29): 22–23.
- ^ "Adopting a list of invasive alien species of Union concern pursuant to Regulation (EU) No 1143/2014 of the European Parliament and of the Council" (PDF).
- ^ a b Espeut, W. B. (1882). "On the acclimatization of the Indian mongoose in Jamaica". Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London (November): 712–714.
- ISBN 9781420039481.
- ^ JSTOR 1376922.
- ^ Roy, S. (2020). "Herpestes auropunctatus (small Indian mongoose)". Invasive Species Compendium. CAB International. Archived from the original on 4 February 2020. Retrieved 12 February 2020.
- ISBN 1-877743-03-8.
- ^ Kim, A. "Mongooses in Hawaii Newspapers". University of Hawai'i at Manoa Library. Retrieved 22 December 2015.
- ^ "Mongoose". Hawaii Invasive Species Council. 2013. Retrieved 2020-04-20.
- .
- ^ Tvrtkovic, N. & Kryštufek, B. (1990). "Small Indian mongoose Herpestes auropunctatus on the Adriatic islands of Yugoslavia" (PDF). Bonner Zoologische Beiträge. 41 (1): 3–8.
- ^ Karamarko, A. (2008). Spolno ponašanje malog indijskog mungosa u zatočeništvu (PDF) (Diplom) (in Croatian). Zagreb: Sveučilište u Zagrebu.
- ^ Frković, A. (2000). "Mungos na otoku Mljetu (uz 90. godišnjicu introdukcije)" (PDF). Šumarski List (in Croatian). 11 (124): 693–698.
- .
- ^ Dabholkar, Y. & Devkar, R. (2020). "Diurnal activity and diet of Small Indian Mongoose Urva auropunctata on the outskirts of Vadodara, Gujarat, India". Small Carnivore Conservation. 58: e58008.
- .
- PMID 21467758.
- ^ "Distribution of major rabies virus variants among mesocarnivores in the United States and Puerto Rico, 2008 to 2015". 2017-07-06.