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For the band's 1969 self-titled debut album, see Led Zeppelin (album).

Led Zeppelin were an

Over 25 years after disbanding in response to Bonham's 1980 death, Led Zeppelin continue to be held in high regard for their artistic achievements, commercial success, and broad influence, as is evident from their continual high album sales of more than 300 million albums worldwide,^[4] including 109.5 million sales in the United States.^[5] Led Zeppelin are ranked No. 1 on VH1's list of the 100 greatest artists of hard rock.^[6]

History

The early days (1968-1970)

The "New Yardbirds"

The beginnings of Led Zeppelin can be traced back to the English blues-influenced rock band The Yardbirds.^[7] Page joined the Yardbirds in 1966 to play bass guitar after the original bassist, Paul Samwell-Smith, left the group. Shortly after, Page switched from bass to second lead guitar, creating a dual-lead guitar line up with Jeff Beck.

Following the departure of Beck in October 1966, The Yardbirds, tired from constant touring and recording, were beginning to wind down. Page wanted to form a supergroup with himself and Beck on guitars, and The Who's rhythm section - drummer Keith Moon and bassist John Entwistle. Vocalists Donovan, Steve Winwood and Steve Marriott were also considered for the project.^[8] The group never formed, although Page, Beck and Moon did record a song together in 1966, "Beck's Bolero", which is featured on Beck's 1968 album, Truth. The recording session also included bassist-keyboardist John Paul Jones, who told Page that he would be interested in collaborating with him on future projects.^[9]

The Yardbirds played their final gig in July 1968. However, The Yardbirds were still committed to perform several concerts in Scandinavia, so McCarty and Relf authorised Page and bassist Chris Dreja to use the Yardbirds name to fulfil the band's obligations. Page and Dreja began putting a new line-up together. Page's first choice for lead singer, Terry Reid, declined the offer, but suggested Robert Plant, a Birmingham singer he knew.^[10] Plant eventually accepted the position, recommending a drummer, John Bonham from nearby Redditch.^[11] When Dreja opted out of the project to become a photographer — he would later take the photograph that appeared on the back of Led Zeppelin's debut album — Jones, at the suggestion of his wife, contacted Page about the vacant position. Being familiar with Jones' credentials, Page agreed to bring in Jones as the final piece.

The group played together on record the first time on the final day of sessions for the P. J. Proby album, Three Week Hero. Proby recalled, "Come the last day we found we had some studio time, so I just asked the band to play while I just came up with the words. ... They weren't Led Zeppelin at the time, they were the New Yardbirds and they were going to be my band."^[12]

The band completed the Scandinavian tour as "The New Yardbirds". After some discussion, "Led Zeppelin" was chosen as a new name. It is uncertain how this name was chosen. One account, which has become almost legendary, has it that Keith Moon and John Entwistle, drummer and bassist respectively of The Who suggested that a possible supergroup containing themselves, Jimmy Page, and Jeff Beck would go down like a lead zeppelin, a term John Entwistle used to describe a bad gig.^[13] The group deliberately dropped the 'a' in Lead at the suggestion of their manager, Peter Grant, to prevent "thick Americans"^[9] from pronouncing it as "leed".^[14]

Grant also secured an advance deal of $200,000 from

Main Article: Led Zeppelin (album)

Shortly after their first tour, the group's self-titled first album was released on

While the album received generally positive reviews, some derided it, most famously John Mendelsohn of Rolling Stone magazine, who savaged the band for stealing music, notably "Black Mountain Side" from Bert Jansch's "Black Water Side" and the riff from "Your Time Is Gonna Come" from Traffic's "Dear Mr. Fantasy". He also accused the band of mimicking black artists, and showing off. This marked the beginning of a long rift between the band and the magazine, with Led Zeppelin rejecting later requests for interviews and cover stories as their level of success escalated.^[19]

Led Zeppelin's album cover met an interesting protest when, at a February 28, 1970 gig in

Main Article: Led Zeppelin II

"Whole Lotta Love"

"Whole Lotta Love" from Led Zeppelin II.

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The immediate success of the first album kick-started the band's career, especially in the United States. In their first year of existence, Led Zeppelin managed to complete four US and four UK concert tours, as well as find time to release their second album, entitled Led Zeppelin II.^[12] Recorded almost entirely on the road at various North American recording studios, the second album was an even greater success than the first and reached the number one chart position in the US and the UK.^[21]

The album included songs which were strikingly similar to

Main Article: Led Zeppelin III

"Since I've Been Loving You"

"Since I've Been Loving You" from Led Zeppelin III.

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For the composition of their third album, Led Zeppelin III, Jimmy Page and Robert Plant retired to Bron-Yr-Aur, a remote cottage in Wales, in 1970. This would result in a more acoustic sound than previously exhibited by the group (and a song, "Bron-Yr-Aur Stomp", misspelled as "Bron-Y-Aur Stomp" on the album cover, which was a complete remake of Bert Jansch's song "The Waggoners Lad"). Strongly influenced by folk and Celtic music, the album revealed a different side of the band's versatility.

The album's rich acoustic sound initially received mixed reactions, with many critics and fans surprised at the turn taken by the band away from the primarily electric compositions of the first two albums. Over time, however, its reputation has recovered and Led Zeppelin III is now generally praised.^[26][27] It has a unique album cover featuring a wheel which, when rotated, displayed various images through cut outs in the main jacket sleeve.

The album's opening track, "

The success of Led Zeppelin's early years would be dwarfed by this five year period in which the band would release their best selling albums and ascend to musical success in the 1970s. The band's image also changed as members began to wear elaborate, colourful clothing and jewellery similar to other popular performers of the era. If the band's popularity on stage was impressive, so too was its reputation for off-stage wildness and excess. Led Zeppelin began travelling in a private jet airliner (nicknamed The Starship^[28] ), rented out entire sections of hotels (most notably the

Main Article: Led Zeppelin IV

Led Zeppelin's fourth album was released on November 8, 1971. There was no indication of a title nor band name on the original cover, but on the LP label four symbols were printed - . The reason for this was the band's disdain for the media which labelled them as hyped, so they put out the album with no indication of who they were to prove that the music could sell itself. The album is variously referred to as Four Symbols and The Fourth Album (both titles were used in the Atlantic Records catalogue), and also IV, Untitled, Zoso, Runes, Sticks, Man With Sticks, and Four. It is still officially untitled, and most commonly referred to as Led Zeppelin IV. In an interview with Rolling Stone magazine in 2005, Plant said that it is simply called The Fourth Album.^[19]

further refined the band's unique formula of combining earthy, acoustic elements with heavy metal and blues emphases. The album included examples of hard rock, such as "Black Dog" (the title supposedly a tribute to a dog which loitered around the recording studio during the sessions) and an acoustic track, "Going to California" (a tribute to Joni Mitchell).^[29]

"Rock and Roll" is a tribute to the early rock music of the

Folk and metal are fused together in the eight-minute, suite-like "Stairway to Heaven", which became a massive album-oriented rock FM radio hit despite never being released as a single. Stairway has been controversial due to unsubstantiated but repeated claims of "satanic" back masked messages. In 2005, the magazine Guitar World held a poll of readers in which "Stairway to Heaven" was voted as having the greatest guitar solo of all time.^[31]

As of July 31, 2006, has sold 23 million copies in the US, making it one of the top four best selling albums in the history of the US music industry.^[32] Worldwide, it ranks at number eleven in album sales.^[33]

Houses of the Holy

Main Article: Houses of the Holy

Led Zeppelin's next album, Houses of the Holy, was released in 1973. It featured further experimentation, with longer tracks and expanded use of synthesisers and mellotron orchestration. The song "Houses of the Holy" does not appear on its namesake album, even though it was recorded at the same time as other songs on the album; it eventually made its way onto the 1975 album Physical Graffiti.^[9]

The striking orange album cover of "Houses of the Holy" features images of nude children^[34] climbing up the Giant's Causeway (in County Antrim, Northern Ireland) to an unseen idol. Although the children are not depicted from the front, this was highly controversial at the time of the album's release, and in some areas, such as Spain, the record was banned.

Tampa Stadium, Florida, they played to 56,800 fans (breaking the record set by The Beatles at Shea Stadium in 1965), and grossed $309,000.^[9] Three sold-out shows at Madison Square Garden in New York

were filmed for a motion picture, but the theatrical release of this project (The Song Remains the Same) would be delayed until 1976.

In

Sad Café and Wildlife.^[35] The label would be successful while Led Zeppelin existed, but folded less than three years after they disbanded.^[9]

Physical Graffiti

Main Article: Physical Graffiti

February 24, 1975 saw the release of Led Zeppelin's first double album, Physical Graffiti, which was the first release on the Swan Song Records label. It consisted of fifteen songs, eight of which were recorded at Headley Grange in 1974, and the remainder being tracks recorded years previously but not released on earlier albums.

A review in Rolling Stone magazine referred to Physical Graffiti as Led Zeppelin's "bid for artistic respectability", adding that the only competition the band had for the title of 'World's Best Rock Band' were The Rolling Stones and The Who.^[36] The album was a massive fiscal and critical success. Shortly after the release of Physical Graffiti, all previous Led Zeppelin albums simultaneously re-entered the top-200 album chart,^[9] and the band embarked on another U.S. tour, again playing to record-breaking crowds. In May 1975, Led Zeppelin played five highly successful, sold-out nights at the Earls Court Exhibition Centre in London (footage from these concerts was released in 2003, on the Led Zeppelin DVD). This series of concerts could be considered as some of the best of the band's career.^[37]

The latter days (1976-1980)

By 1976, Led Zeppelin were becoming increasingly popular, having outsold most bands of the time, including the Rolling Stones.^[9] Their live shows would increase even further in theatricality, featuring larger stage areas and complex lights shows. While there were still massive musical and commercial successes for the band during this period, problems such as the 1977 death of Robert Plant's son, Jimmy Page's heroin use,^[38] changing musical tastes, and John Bonham's 1980 death would finally bring an end to Led Zeppelin.

Presence

File:1977-04-30 Pontiac ALS.jpg

Main Article: Presence (album)

"Achilles Last Stand"

"Achilles Last Stand" from Presence.

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Following their triumphant Earls Court appearances, Led Zeppelin took an unplanned break from touring. In August 1975, Robert Plant and his wife Maureen were involved in a serious

car crash whilst on holiday in Rhodes, Greece. Robert suffered a broken ankle and Maureen was very badly injured; a blood transfusion saved her life.^[9] Unable to tour, Plant headed to the channel island of Jersey to spend August and September recuperating, with Bonham and Page in tow. The band then reconvened in Malibu, California. It was during this forced hiatus that much of the material for their next album, Presence

, was written.

Released in March 1976, the album marked a change in the Led Zeppelin sound towards more straightforward, guitar-based jams, departing from the acoustic ballads and intricate arrangements featured on their previous albums. Though it was a

platinum seller, Presence received mixed responses from critics and fans. While many appreciated the looser style, others dismissed it as "sloppy", and some critics speculated that the band members' legendary excesses might have finally caught up with them, resulting in a sub-standard album release.^[39] The recording of Presence coincided with the beginning of Page's heroin use, which may have interfered with Led Zeppelin's later live shows and studio recordings, although Page has denied this.^[40]

Despite the original criticisms, Jimmy Page has called Presence his favourite album, and "Achilles Last Stand" his favourite Led Zeppelin song. Robert Plant has also stated that he thinks Presence is the album that probably sounds the most "Led Zeppelin" of all their LPs.^[41]

The concert film (The Song Remains The Same)

Main Article: The Song Remains The Same

Robert Plant's injuries prevented Led Zeppelin from touring in 1976. Instead, the band finally completed the concert film

BBC Sessions in 1997. The recording had taken place during three nights of concerts at Madison Square Garden in July 1973, during the Houses of the Holy concert tour. The film premiered in New York on October 20, 1976, but was not well received by critics or fans. The film was particularly unsuccessful in the UK, where, in the wake of the punk rock revolution, Led Zeppelin were, by now, regarded as the ultimate example of an out-dated "dinosaur" band by some people.^[42]

In 1977, Led Zeppelin embarked on another massive U.S. concert tour. Though profitable financially, the tour was beset with off-stage problems. On June 3, after a concert at Tampa Stadium was cut short because of a severe thunderstorm, a riot broke out amongst the audience, resulting in several arrests and injuries. Police ultimately resorted to tear gas to break up the crowd.^[43]

After a July 23 show at the "

Oakland-Alameda County Coliseum in Oakland, California, John Bonham and members of the band's support staff (including manager Peter Grant and security co-ordinator John Bindon) were arrested after a member of promoter Bill Graham's staff was badly beaten during the performance. A member of the staff had allegedly slapped Grant's son when he was taking down a dressing room sign; when Grant heard about this, he went into the trailer, along with Bindon and John Bonham, and savagely assaulted the man.Cite error: A <ref> tag is missing the closing </ref> (see the help page

).

In Through the Out Door

Main Article:

In Through The Out Door

"Fool in the Rain"

"Fool in the Rain" from In Through The Out Door.

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December 1978 saw the group recording again, this time at ABBA's Polar Studios in Stockholm, Sweden. The resultant album was In Through the Out Door. The album reached #1 in the UK and the US (where it became the first album by a rock band to debut at #1 on the Billboard album chart).

In August

Knebworth music festival, where crowds of close to 120,000 witnessed the return of band. However, Robert Plant was not eager to tour full-time again, and even considered leaving Led Zeppelin. He was persuaded to stay by Peter Grant. A brief, low-key European tour was undertaken in June and July 1980, featuring a stripped-down set without the usual lengthy jams and solos. At one show on June 27, in Nuremberg, Germany, the concert came to an abrupt end in the middle of the third song when John Bonham collapsed on stage and was rushed to a hospital. Press speculation arose that Bonham's problem was caused by too much alcohol and drugs, but the band claimed that he had simply overeaten, and they completed the European tour on July 7, at Berlin.^[9]

"A tragic end"

On

Bray Studios for the upcoming tour of the United States, the band's first since 1977. During the journey Bonham had asked to stop for breakfast, where he downed four quadruple vodkas (roughly sixteen shots (2/3 pint(~8dl)) of vodka), with a ham roll. After taking a bite of the ham roll he said to his assistant, "Breakfast." He then continued to drink heavily when he arrived at the studio. A halt was called to the rehearsals late in the evening and the band retired to Page's house — The Old Mill House in Clewer, Windsor. After midnight, Bonham had fallen asleep and was taken to bed and placed on his side. Benji LeFevre (who had replaced Richard Cole as Led Zeppelin's tour manager) and John Paul Jones found him dead the next morning. Bonham was 32 years old.^[44]

File:Bonhamjohn.jpg

The cause of death was asphyxiation from vomit. A subsequent autopsy found no other drugs in Bonham's body.^[45] The alcoholism that had plagued the drummer since his earliest days with the band ultimately led to his death. John Bonham was cremated on October 10, 1980, at Rushock, Worcestershire parish church. His headstone reads:

Cherished memories of a loving husband and father,

John Henry Bonham Who died Sept. 25th 1980. He will always be remembered in our hearts,

Goodnight my Love, God Bless.

Despite media rumours that Cozy Powell, Carmine Appice, Barriemore Barlow, Simon Kirke, or Bev Bevan would join the group as his replacement, the remaining members decided to disband Led Zeppelin after Bonham's death. They issued a press statement on December 4 1980 confirming that the band would not continue without its irreplaceable drummer. "We wish it to be known that the loss of our dear friend and the deep sense of undivided harmony felt by ourselves and our manager, have led us to decide that we could not continue as we were."^[46]

Post Led Zeppelin

1980s

In 1982 the surviving members of the group released a collection of out-takes from various sessions during Led Zeppelin's career, entitled Coda. It included two tracks taken from the band's performance at the Royal Albert Hall in 1970, one each from the Led Zeppelin III and Houses of the Holy sessions, and three from the In Through the Out Door sessions. It also featured a 1976 John Bonham drum instrumental with electronic effects added by Jimmy Page, called "Bonzo's Montreux".

On

Philadelphia, for a short set featuring drummers Tony Thompson and Phil Collins. Collins had played on Plant's first two solo albums. When Live Aid footage was released on a four-DVD set in late 2004, the group unanimously agreed not to allow footage from their performance to be used, agreeing that it was not up to their usual standards.^[47]

Led Zeppelin reunited again in May of 1988, for Atlantic Records' 40th Anniversary concert, with Bonham's son, Jason Bonham, on drums.

1990s

Page and Plant reunited in 1994 for an MTV Unplugged performance (dubbed Unledded) which eventually led to a world tour with a Middle Eastern orchestra, and a live album entitled No Quarter. The bass player was Charlie Jones, who had been the bassist with Plant's own band for several years. Many see this as the beginning of discord with John Paul Jones, who was upset with Page and Plant for touring without asking him first. Tensions were further increased when Plant was asked at a press conference where Jones was, and he jokingly replied that Jones was parking the car.^[48]

On

induction ceremony, the band's inner rift became apparent when Jones joked upon accepting his award, "Thank you, my friends, for finally remembering my phone number," causing consternation and awkward looks from Page and Plant.^[49]

On

Baby Come on Home" and "Travelling Riverside Blues". The band have never released a single in the UK.^[50]

Led Zeppelin BBC Sessions

, the first Led Zeppelin album in more than fifteen years. The two-disc set included almost all of the band's recordings for the BBC.

2000s

In October 2002, the British press reported that Robert Plant and John Paul Jones had reconciled after a 20-year feud which had kept Led Zeppelin apart, and rumours surfaced of a reunion tour in 2003.^[51] This was later denied by Plant and Page's management company.^[52]

2003 saw a the release of a live album,

Led Zeppelin DVD, both featuring material from the band's heyday. At the year's end, the DVD had sold more than 520,000 copies. Around Christmas 2004, "Stairway To Heaven" was voted the best rock song of all time by Planet Rock listeners in a poll conducted on the station's website. Two other Led Zeppelin songs were also featured in the top ten - "Whole Lotta Love" at number six and "Rock and Roll" at number eight.^[53]

In 2005, Led Zeppelin received a Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award, and readers of Guitar World magazine voted the guitar solo from "Stairway to Heaven" to be the best guitar solo of all time in rock history.^[54] In

King of Sweden presented the prize to Plant, Page and Jones, along with John Bonham's daughter, in Stockholm in May, 2006.^[57]

In 2006 Led Zeppelin were inducted into the UK Music Hall of Fame.^[58]

Led Zeppelin have always been very protective of its catalogue of songs, and have seldom allowed them to be licensed for films or commercials. In recent years, this position has softened somewhat, and their songs can be heard in movies such as

online music stores

.

In 2007, rumours yet again surfaced of a possible reunion in which Q107, Toronto's classic rock radio station, reported that Led Zeppelin would jump on the "reunion bandwagon" following months of countless reunions from classic bands in 2007.^[59] John Paul Jones himself reportedly stated that the band is considering a reunion of some sorts on the radio broadcast^[60] but representatives from the radio station deny even speaking to Jones and claim the report to be false.^[61]

Discography

Further information: Led Zeppelin discography

Album Cover	Date of Release	Title
File:LedZeppelinLedZeppelinalbumcover.jpg	January 12, 1969	Led Zeppelin #6 U.K. #10 U.S.
File:LedZeppelinLedZeppelinIIalbumcover.jpg	October 22, 1969	Led Zeppelin II #1 U.K. #1 U.S.
File:Ledzeppeliniii.jpg	October 5, 1970	Led Zeppelin III #1 U.K. #1 U.S.
	November 8, 1971	(Led Zeppelin IV) #1 U.K. #2 U.S.
	March 28, 1973	Houses of the Holy #1 U.K. #1 U.S.
File:LedZeppelinPhysicalGraffitialbumcover.jpg	February 24, 1975	Physical Graffiti #1 U.K. #1 U.S.
File:LedZeppelinPresencecover.jpg	March 31, 1976	Presence #1 U.K. #1 U.S.
File:LedZeppelinInThroughTheOutDoorcover.jpg	August 15, 1979	In Through The Out Door #1 U.K. #1 U.S.

Filmography

• The Song Remains the Same (1976)
• Led Zeppelin DVD (2003
  )

References

1. ^ Heavy metal timeline
2. ^ BBC.com
3. ^ Musicmatch, "Led Zeppelin", followers; accessed September 10, 2006
4. ^ "VH1 Welcomes the Return of the 'Third Annual UK Music Hall of Fame Induction Ceremony'". vh1.com. September 14, 2006. Retrieved 2006-09-21. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
5. ^ RIAA. "Top Selling Artists".
6. ^ 1-20 at vhi.com
7. ^ MTV profile of Led Zeppelin. [1]
8. ^ Led-Zeppelin.org. "Led Zeppelin Assorted Info".
9. ^ ^{a b c d e f g h i j} Stephen Davis (1995). Hammer of the Gods (LPC). pp. 44, 64, 190, 225, 277 ISBN 033043859-X. Cite error: The named reference "Hammer of the Gods" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
10. ^ Billboard. "Led Zeppelin Biography".
11. ^ Digital Graffiti. "Led Zeppelin FAQ".
12. ^ ^{a b c} Fred Dollar (2005). "Led Zep were my backing band". p. 83. {{cite magazine}}: Cite magazine requires |magazine= (help) Cite error: The named reference "Mojo" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
13. ^ Keith Shadwick (2005). Led Zeppelin The Story of a Band and their Music 1968-1980. pp. 36, ISBN 100879308710.
14. ^ Jimmy Page Online
15. ^ Welch, Chris (1994) Led Zeppelin, London: Orion Books. ISBN 0-85797-930-3, p. 31.
16. ^ Led Zeppelin Official Website[2]
17. ^ The History of Rock 'n' Roll: The 70s: Have a Nice Decade
18. ^ Billboard discography
19. ^ ^{a b} [3] Cite error: The named reference "Rolling Stone" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
20. ^ [4]
21. ^ Led Zeppelin discography
22. ^ ABC
23. ^ [5]
24. boxed set
    (1990).
25. ^ Led Zeppelin.com audio guide
26. ^ "Led Zeppelin III". {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |1= (help)
27. ^ "Q4 Review of Led Zeppelin 3". {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |1= (help)
28. ^ Led Zeppelin.org
29. ^ Songmeanings.com
30. ^ Rock and Roll Dropped from Cadillac advert
31. ^ About Guitar, 100 Greatest Guitar Solos, accessed September 10, 2006
32. ^ RIAA best selling Albums
33. ^ Mjni
34. ^ Manning, Toby. "Broad Church", Q Led Zeppelin Special Edition, 2003.
35. ^ VH1 Biography
36. ^ Rolling Stone Review, Mar, 27 1975
37. ^ Lewis, Dave and Pallett, Simon (1997) Led Zeppelin: The Concert File, London: Omnibus Press. ISBN 0-7119-5307-4, p. 111.
38. ^ About.com/Experts [6]
39. ^ Rolling Stone Magazine [7] Rolling Stone Magazine Review, Published May, 20 1976]
40. ^ Rock's Backpages review, Published April, 10 1976
41. ^ From interview in Swedish TV program "Musikbyrån" around the time of Led Zeppelin receiving the Polar Music Prize.
42. ^ Led Zeppelin.com bio
43. ^ Robert Plant's Home Page
44. ^ Rock Deaths
45. ^ John Bonham Biography
46. ^ Mick Wall (2005). "No Way Out". p. 86. {{cite magazine}}: Cite magazine requires |magazine= (help)
47. ^ BBC News Report
48. ^ Led Zeppelin.org, accessed 2nd August 2006
49. ^ Lewis, Dave and Pallett, Simon (1997) Led Zeppelin: The Concert File, London: Omnibus Press. ISBN 0-7119-5307-4, p. 144.
50. ^ BBC News accessed 3rd March 2007
51. ^ The Sun, accessed 2nd August 2006
52. ^ BBC News, accessed 2nd August 2006
53. ^ BBC News, accessed 2nd August 2006
54. ^ Guitar World Magazine, 2005
55. ^ "100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time". Rolling Stone Issue 931. Rolling Stone.
56. ^ "The Immortals: The First Fifty". Rolling Stone Issue 946. Rolling Stone.
57. ^ BBC News article, 23 May 2006
58. ^ BBC News article, 23 May 2006
59. ^ Led Zeppelin to Jump on the Reunion Bandwagon
60. ^ Led Zeppelin trying again?
61. ^ "Led Zeppelin tour: Wishful thinking"?

Published sources

• Dave Lewis (2003), Led Zeppelin: Celebration II: The 'Tight But Loose' Files, London: Omnibus Press. ISBN 1-84449-056-4.
• Dave Lewis and Simon Pallett (1997) Led Zeppelin: The Concert File, London: Omnibus Press. ISBN 0-7119-5307-4.
• Dave Lewis (2004) The Complete Guide to the Music of Led Zeppelin, London: Omnibus Press, ISBN 0-7119-3528-9.
• Chris Welch (2006) Led Zeppelin: Dazed and Confused: The Stories Behind Every Song, Thunder's Mouth Press, ISBN 1-56025-818-7.
• Chris Welch (2002), Peter Grant: The Man Who Led Zeppelin, London: Omnibus Press. ISBN 0-7119-9195-2.
• Richard Cole and Richard Trubo (1992), Stairway to Heaven: Led Zeppelin Uncensored, New York: HarperCollins, ISBN 0-06-018323-3.
• Stephen Davis (1985) Hammer of the Gods: The Led Zeppelin Saga, New York: William Morrow & Co., ISBN 0-688-04507-3.
• Luis Rey (1997) Led Zeppelin Live: An Illustrated Exploration of Underground Tapes, Ontario: The Hot Wacks Press. ISBN 4ISBN 0-9698080-7-0.
• Susan Fast (2001) In the Houses of the Holy: Led Zeppelin and the Power of Rock Music, Oxford University Press, ISBN 0-19514-723-5.
• The Rolling Stone Encyclopedia of Rock and Roll (2001 edition).

External links

Wikiquote has quotations related to Led Zeppelin.

• Led Zeppelin: Official Site
• Electric Magic: Fansite
• Achilles Last Stand: Fansite
• Rock and Roll Hall of Fame bio
• Rolling Stone Magazine bio
• Billboard Magazine bio
• Led Zeppelin discography at MusicBrainz

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