Celtic music
Celtic music is a broad grouping of music genres that evolved out of the folk music traditions of the Celtic people of Northwestern Europe (the modern Celtic nations).[1][2] It refers to both orally-transmitted traditional music and recorded music and the styles vary considerably to include everything from traditional music to a wide range of hybrids.
Description and definition
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Celtic music means two things mainly. First, it is the music of the people that identify themselves as Celts. Secondly, it refers to whatever qualities may be unique to the music of the Celtic nations. Many notable Celtic musicians such as Alan Stivell and Paddy Moloney[3] claim that the different Celtic music genres have a lot in common.[1][2][4]
These following melodic practices may be used[4] widely across the different variants of Celtic Music:
- It is common for the melodic line to move up and down the primary chords in many Celtic songs. There are a number of possible reasons for this:
- Melodic variation can be easily introduced. Melodic variation is widely used in Celtic music, especially by the pipes and harp.
- It is easier to anticipate the direction that the melody will take, so that harmony either composed or improvised can be introduced: clichéd cadences that are essential for impromptu harmony are also more easily formed.
- The relatively wider tonal intervals in some songs make it possible for stress accents within the poetic line to be more in keeping with the local Celtic accent.
- Across just one Celtic group.
- By more than one Celtic language population belonging to different Celtic groups.
These two latter usage patterns may simply be remnants of formerly widespread melodic practices.
Often, the term Celtic music is applied to the
These styles are known because of the importance of Irish and Scottish people in the English speaking world, especially in the United States, where they had a profound impact on
Instruments associated with Celtic Music include the Celtic harp, uilleann pipes or Great Highland bagpipe, fiddle, tin whistle, flute, bodhrán, bones, concertina, accordion and a recent addition, the Irish bouzouki.[9]
Divisions
In Celtic Music: A Complete Guide, June Skinner Sawyers acknowledges six
There is also tremendous variation between Celtic regions. Ireland, Scotland, Wales, Cornwall, and Brittany have living traditions of language and music, and there has been a recent major revival of interest in Celtic heritage in the Isle of Man.
Forms
There are musical genres and styles specific to each Celtic country, due in part to the influence of individual song traditions and the characteristics of specific languages:[22]
- Celtic traditional music
- Music of Ireland
- Music of Scotland
- Music of Wales
- Strathspeys are specific to Highland Scotland, for example, and it has been hypothesized that they mimic the rhythms of the Scottish Gaelic language.[23]
- Reels
- Pibroch
- Cerdd Dant (string music) or Canu Penillion (verse singing) is the art of vocal improvisation over a given melody in Welsh musical tradition. It is an important competition in eisteddfodau. The singer or (small) choir sings a counter melody over a harp melody.[24]
- Waulking song
- Puirt à beul
- Kan ha diskan
- Sean-nós singing
- Celtic hip hop
- Celtic rock
- Celtic metal
- Celtic punk
- Celtic fusion
- Progressive music
- Folk music
Festivals
- See Celtic festivals by country, including music festivals. Festivals focused largely or partly on Celtic music can be found at Category:Celtic music festivals.
The modern Celtic music scene involves a large number of
- Festival Internacional do Mundo Celta de Ortigueira (Ortigueira, Galicia, Spain)
- Festival Intercéltico de Avilés (Avilés, Asturies, Spain)
- Folixa na Primavera (Mieres, Asturies, Spain)
- Festival Celta Internacional Reino de León, (León, Spain)
- Festival Internacional de Música Celta de Collado Villalba (Collado Villalba, Spain)
- Yn Chruinnaght (Isle of Man)
- Celtic Connections (Glasgow, Scotland)[25]
- Hebridean Celtic Festival (Stornoway, Scotland)[26]
- Fleadh ceol na hÉireann (Tullamore, Ireland)
- Festival Intercéltico de Sendim (Sendim, Portugal)[27][28]
- Galaicofolia (Esposende, Portugal)[29]
- Festival Folk Celta Ponte da Barca (Ponte da Barca, Portugal)
- Douro Celtic Fest (Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal)
- Festival Interceltique de Lorient (Lorient, France)[30]
- Festival del Kan ar Bobl (Lorient, France)
- Festival de Cornouaille (Quimper, France)
- Les Nuits Celtiques du Stade de France (Paris, France)
- Montelago Celtic Night (Colfiorito, Macerata, Italy)
- Triskell International Celtic Festival (Trieste, Italy)
- Festival celtique de Québec or Québec city celtic festival, (
- Festival Mémoire et Racines (Saint-Charles-Borromée, Quebec, Canada)
- Cape Breton, Nova Scotia, Canada)
- Paganfest (Tour through Europe)
Celtic fusion
The oldest musical tradition which fits under the label of Celtic fusion originated in the rural American south in the early colonial period and incorporated English, Scottish, Irish, Welsh, German, and African influences. Variously referred to as roots music, American folk music, or old-time music, this tradition has exerted a strong influence on all forms of American music, including country, blues, and rock and roll.[32] In addition to its lasting effects on other genres, it marked the first modern large-scale mixing of musical traditions from multiple ethnic and religious communities within the Celtic diaspora.
In the 1960s several bands put forward modern adaptations of Celtic music pulling influences from several of the Celtic nations at once to create a modern
In the 1970s Clannad[33] made their mark initially in the folk and traditional scene, and then subsequently went on to bridge the gap between traditional Celtic and pop music in the 1980s and 1990s, incorporating elements from new-age, smooth jazz, and folk rock. Traces of Clannad's legacy can be heard in the music of many artists, including Altan, Anúna, Capercaillie, the Corrs, Dexys Midnight Runners, Enya, Loreena McKennitt, Riverdance, Donna Taggart, and U2. The solo music of Clannad's lead singer, Moya Brennan (often referred to as the First Lady of Celtic Music) has further enhanced this influence.
Later, beginning in 1982 with
Today there are Celtic-influenced subgenres of virtually every type of popular music including
Other modern adaptations
Outside of America, the first deliberate attempts to create a "Pan-Celtic music" were made by the Breton
Probably the most successful all-inclusive Celtic music composition in recent years is
Modern music may also be termed "Celtic" because it is written and recorded in a Celtic language, regardless of musical style. Many of the Celtic languages have experienced resurgences in modern years, spurred on partly by the action of artists and musicians who have embraced them as hallmarks of identity and distinctness. In 1971, the Irish band
Several contemporary bands have Welsh language songs, such as
See also
- Folk music of Ireland
- Music of Brittany
- Music of Cornwall
- Galician traditional music
- Music of the Isle of Man
- Music of Scotland
- Music of Wales
- Music of Portugal
- Traditional Gaelic music
References
- ^ ISBN 1-55082-205-5.
- ^ a b c d Alberro, Manuel (2005). "Celtic Legacy in Galicia". E-Keltoi: Journal of Interdisciplinary Celtic Studies. 6: 1005–1035. Archived from the original on 1 June 2013. Retrieved 16 August 2011.
- ISBN 1-55082-205-5.
- ^ a b Aubrey, Graham (2011). The Ingenious Cornish - Inventions, Enterprises and Exploits: The Ethnicity Factor in Cornish Music Both at Home and Abroad. Wallaroo Town Hall during Kernewek Lowender 2011 Biennial Seminar: Cornish Association of South Australia Est. 1890. p. 16.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: location (link) - ^ Troxler, Bill (14 October 2007). "From Heather to High Lonesome". Bluegrass and Celtic Music. Chincoteague Cultural Alliance. Archived from the original on 28 August 2008.
- ^ "What is celtic music?". www.ceolas.org. Retrieved 18 September 2017.
- ^ Defrance Yves, "New Celtic Music in Brittany", in Continuum Encyclopedia of popular music of the world, London-New York, International Association of Popular Music, Continuum Books, Part.3 Genres, vol.10, 2013, 3 p.
- ISBN 1-55082-205-5.
- ^ "Classic Celtic Instruments". Celtic Life International. Retrieved 29 July 2023.
- ISBN 0-306-81007-7. Retrieved 25 March 2016.
- ^ translation by Steve Winick
- ^ "Celtic Music - Celtic Music Instruments". 13 July 2016. Retrieved 10 August 2016.
- ^ "Gallaic Revival". Archived from the original on 7 January 2018. Retrieved 11 May 2013.
- ^ "Gallaic Revival Movement". Retrieved 11 May 2013.
- ^ "Gallaic Revival Movement"."Gallaic Revival Movement Home Page". Archived from the original on 2 October 2012. Retrieved 2013-05-11.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) - ^ a b Consello da cultura Galega, FROM THE ORIGINS TO THE RENAISSANCE (6TH CENTURY TO 1475) [1]"
- ISBN 978-1-85109-440-0. Retrieved 29 September 2012.
- )
- ^ "(...) Bishop Mailoc, the only Britonian prelate who has a Celtic name ( = "great"). The other known bishops always bear Latin or Germanic names.(...)" in José Miguel Novo Güisán, Los pueblos vasco-cantábricos y galaicos en la Antigüedad Tardía, siglos III-IX, Universidad de Alcalá de Henares, Servicio de Publicaciones, 1992.
- ^ Bruce Elder. All Music Guide, Answers.com. Retrieved 15 July 2009.
- ^ a b JT Koch (ed). Celtic Culture. A Historical Encyclopaedia ABC-CLIO 2006 pp 1627–1628
- ^ "Celtic Music Genre Overview | AllMusic". AllMusic. Retrieved 18 September 2017.
- ^ Cockburn, Craig. "Traditional Gaelic song and singing sean-nós". Silicon Glen. Retrieved 25 March 2016.
- ^ "About Cerdd Dant". Cymdeithas Cerdd Dant Cymru. Archived from the original on 16 December 2010. Retrieved 5 May 2012.
- ^ "Celtic connections:Scotland's premier winter music festival". Celtic connections website. Celtic Connections. 2010. Retrieved 23 January 2010.
- ^ "Hebridean Celtic Festival 2010 - the biggest homecoming party of the year". Hebridean Celtic Festival website. Hebridean Celtic Festival. 2009. Retrieved 23 January 2010.
- ^ "IntercelticoSendim.com". Archived from the original on 27 December 2008.
- ^ "Festival Intercéltico de Sendim 2015". Douro Valley. August 2015. Retrieved 25 March 2016.
- ^ "Galaicofolia". Retrieved 25 March 2016.
- ^ "Site Officiel du Festival Interceltique de Lorient". Festival Interceltique de Lorient website. Festival Interceltique de Lorient. 2009. Archived from the original on 5 March 2010. Retrieved 23 January 2010.
- ^ "Festival Celtique de Québec". 2012. Retrieved 2 July 2012.
- ^ Irish Folk, Trad and Blues: A Secret History" by Colin Harper (2005) covers Horslips, The Pogues, Planxty and others.
- ^ "Clannad | Biography, Albums, Streaming Links". AllMusic.