National September 11 Memorial & Museum: Difference between revisions
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The process for arranging the names was finalized in a 2006 agreement, replacing an earlier plan to arrange the names randomly. According to Edith Lutnick (executive director of the Cantor Fitzgerald Relief Fund), "Your loved ones' names are surrounded by the names of those they sat with, those they worked with, those they lived with and, very possibly, those they died with."<ref name=nyt-names>{{cite news|last=Dunlap|first=David|title=Constructing a Story, With 2,982 Names|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/05/nyregion/on-911-memorial-constructing-a-story-name-by-name.html|work=The New York Times|accessdate=March 25, 2012|date=May 4, 2011}}</ref> |
The process for arranging the names was finalized in a 2006 agreement, replacing an earlier plan to arrange the names randomly. According to Edith Lutnick (executive director of the Cantor Fitzgerald Relief Fund), "Your loved ones' names are surrounded by the names of those they sat with, those they worked with, those they lived with and, very possibly, those they died with."<ref name=nyt-names>{{cite news|last=Dunlap|first=David|title=Constructing a Story, With 2,982 Names|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/05/nyregion/on-911-memorial-constructing-a-story-name-by-name.html|work=The New York Times|accessdate=March 25, 2012|date=May 4, 2011}}</ref> |
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The six adult victims of the 1993 bombing are memorialized on Panel N-73 at the North Pool.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://names.911memorial.org/#lang=en_US&page=person&id=4959|title=North Pool: Panel N-73|publisher=National September 11 Memorial & Museum|accessdate=December 9, 2011}}</ref> The phrase "and her unborn child" follows the names of ten pregnant women who died on 9/11 and one who died in the 1993 attack.<ref>[http://www.newsday.com/911-anniversary/9-11-memorial-honors-unborn-babies-1.3138677 9/11 memorial honors unborn babies]</ref> |
The six adult victims of the 1993 bombing are memorialized on Panel N-73 at the North Pool.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://names.911memorial.org/#lang=en_US&page=person&id=4959|title=North Pool: Panel N-73|publisher=National September 11 Memorial & Museum|accessdate=December 9, 2011|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130727095710/http://names.911memorial.org/#lang=en_US&page=person&id=4959|archivedate=July 27, 2013|df=mdy-all}}</ref> The phrase "and her unborn child" follows the names of ten pregnant women who died on 9/11 and one who died in the 1993 attack.<ref>[http://www.newsday.com/911-anniversary/9-11-memorial-honors-unborn-babies-1.3138677 9/11 memorial honors unborn babies]</ref> |
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====The Survivor Tree==== |
====The Survivor Tree==== |
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[[File:The Survivor Tree at the National September 11 Memorial.jpg|thumb|left|alt=Leafless city tree at night, with street light in foreground|The Survivor Tree during winter]] |
[[File:The Survivor Tree at the National September 11 Memorial.jpg|thumb|left|alt=Leafless city tree at night, with street light in foreground|The Survivor Tree during winter]] |
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A [[callery pear]] tree recovered from the rubble at the World Trade Center site in October 2001 was later called the "Survivor Tree".<ref name=downtownexpress-survivortree /><ref name="dnainfo-survivortree">{{cite web|last=Shapiro|first=Julie|title=9/11 'Survivor Tree' Spreads its Branches Over the World Trade Center Once Again|url=http://www.dnainfo.com/20101222/downtown/911-survivor-tree-spreads-its-branches-over-world-trade-center-once-again|work=DNAinfo|accessdate=March 17, 2012}}</ref> When the {{convert|8|ft|adj=on}}-tall tree was recovered,<ref name=abc-survivortree/> it was badly burned and had one living branch.<ref name=downtownexpress-survivortree /> The tree had been planted during the 1970s near [[World Trade Center (1973–2001)|buildings four and five]], in the vicinity of [[Church Street (Manhattan)|Church Street]].<ref name=starledger-survivortree/> Memorial president Joe Daniels described it as "a key element of the memorial plaza's landscape".<ref name="downtownexpress-survivortree">{{cite web|last=Reynolds|first=Aline|title=One survivor from 9/11 returns home, for good|url=http://www.downtownexpress.com/de_401/onesurvivor.html|work=downtown express|accessdate=March 17, 2012}}</ref> |
A [[callery pear]] tree recovered from the rubble at the World Trade Center site in October 2001 was later called the "Survivor Tree".<ref name=downtownexpress-survivortree /><ref name="dnainfo-survivortree">{{cite web|last=Shapiro|first=Julie|title=9/11 'Survivor Tree' Spreads its Branches Over the World Trade Center Once Again|url=http://www.dnainfo.com/20101222/downtown/911-survivor-tree-spreads-its-branches-over-world-trade-center-once-again|work=DNAinfo|accessdate=March 17, 2012|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120313142713/http://www.dnainfo.com/20101222/downtown/911-survivor-tree-spreads-its-branches-over-world-trade-center-once-again|archivedate=March 13, 2012|df=mdy-all}}</ref> When the {{convert|8|ft|adj=on}}-tall tree was recovered,<ref name=abc-survivortree/> it was badly burned and had one living branch.<ref name=downtownexpress-survivortree /> The tree had been planted during the 1970s near [[World Trade Center (1973–2001)|buildings four and five]], in the vicinity of [[Church Street (Manhattan)|Church Street]].<ref name=starledger-survivortree/> Memorial president Joe Daniels described it as "a key element of the memorial plaza's landscape".<ref name="downtownexpress-survivortree">{{cite web|last=Reynolds|first=Aline|title=One survivor from 9/11 returns home, for good|url=http://www.downtownexpress.com/de_401/onesurvivor.html|work=downtown express|accessdate=March 17, 2012}}</ref> |
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In November 2001, the tree was moved by the [[New York City Department of Parks and Recreation]] to the [[Arthur Ross (philanthropist)|Arthur Ross]] Nursery in [[Van Cortlandt Park]] in the Bronx for care. It was then replanted in the Bronx on November 11, 2001.<ref name=nyt-survivortree>{{cite news|last=Dunlap|first=David|title=A 9/11 Survivor Blossoms in the Bronx|url=http://cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/04/30/a-911-survivor-blossoms-in-the-bronx/|work=City Room|accessdate=March 17, 2012|date=April 30, 2009}}</ref> The tree was not expected to survive, but it showed signs of new growth the following spring.<ref name=dnainfo-survivortree /> Although the national memorial team planned to include the Survivor Tree, its location was unknown at the time.<ref name="nyt-survivortree"/> |
In November 2001, the tree was moved by the [[New York City Department of Parks and Recreation]] to the [[Arthur Ross (philanthropist)|Arthur Ross]] Nursery in [[Van Cortlandt Park]] in the Bronx for care. It was then replanted in the Bronx on November 11, 2001.<ref name=nyt-survivortree>{{cite news|last=Dunlap|first=David|title=A 9/11 Survivor Blossoms in the Bronx|url=http://cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/04/30/a-911-survivor-blossoms-in-the-bronx/|work=City Room|accessdate=March 17, 2012|date=April 30, 2009}}</ref> The tree was not expected to survive, but it showed signs of new growth the following spring.<ref name=dnainfo-survivortree /> Although the national memorial team planned to include the Survivor Tree, its location was unknown at the time.<ref name="nyt-survivortree"/> |
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In December 2011, museum construction halted temporarily due to disputes between the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey and the National September 11 Memorial and Museum Foundation over responsibility for infrastructure costs.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://newyork.cbslocal.com/2011/12/16/money-fight-puts-hold-on-911-museum/|title=Money Fight Puts Hold On 9/11 Museum|last=|first=|date=December 16, 2011|work=CBS News|access-date=2017-10-27|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-sept11-museum-delay/financial-dispute-delays-9-11-museum-opening-idUSTRE7BT18K20111230|title=Financial dispute delays 9/11 museum opening|last=|first=|date=December 30, 2011|work=Reuters|access-date=2017-10-27|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=}}</ref> On March 13, 2012, talks on the issue began,<ref name="Musuem Construction Updates">{{cite web|title=Lower Manhattan: National Sep. 11 Memorial and Museum Construction Updates |url=http://www.lowermanhattan.info/construction/project_updates/world_trade_center_memorial_93699.aspx |publisher=Lower Manhattan Construction Command Center |accessdate=February 3, 2013 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130204070626/http://www.lowermanhattan.info/construction/project_updates/world_trade_center_memorial_93699.aspx |archivedate=February 4, 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Museum Cost Overrun and Discussions |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/2012/02/03/worldtradecenter-newyork-idUSL2E8D3H0G2012020 |accessdate=February 21, 2012 }}{{dead link|date=June 2016|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> and construction resumed on September 10, 2012.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-sept11-museum/deal-reached-to-resume-construction-on-september-11-museum-idUSBRE88A03V20120911|title=Deal reached to resume construction on September 11 museum|last=|first=|date=September 11, 2012|work=Reuters|access-date=2017-10-27|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/09/11/nyregion/ground-zero-museum-to-resume-construction-as-cuomo-and-bloomberg-end-dispute.html|title=Ground Zero Museum to Resume Construction as Cuomo and Bloomberg End Dispute|last=Bagli|first=Charles V.|date=2012-09-10|work=The New York Times|access-date=2017-10-27|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> After a number of false opening reports, it was announced that the museum would open to the public on May 21, 2014.<ref name="two">{{cite news|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/9-11-museum-open-21-offer-preview-families-article-1.1732071 |title=9/11 museum to open May 21, offer preview to families and first responders affected by WTC attacks |publisher=NY Daily News |date= March 24, 2014|accessdate=April 4, 2014 |location=New York}}</ref><ref name="three">{{cite news|agency=Associated Press |url=http://nypost.com/2014/03/24/national-911-memorial-museum-to-open-in-may/ |title=National 9/11 Memorial Museum to open in May | New York Post |publisher=Nypost.com |date=March 24, 2014 |accessdate=April 4, 2014}}</ref><ref name=latimes/> |
In December 2011, museum construction halted temporarily due to disputes between the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey and the National September 11 Memorial and Museum Foundation over responsibility for infrastructure costs.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://newyork.cbslocal.com/2011/12/16/money-fight-puts-hold-on-911-museum/|title=Money Fight Puts Hold On 9/11 Museum|last=|first=|date=December 16, 2011|work=CBS News|access-date=2017-10-27|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-sept11-museum-delay/financial-dispute-delays-9-11-museum-opening-idUSTRE7BT18K20111230|title=Financial dispute delays 9/11 museum opening|last=|first=|date=December 30, 2011|work=Reuters|access-date=2017-10-27|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=}}</ref> On March 13, 2012, talks on the issue began,<ref name="Musuem Construction Updates">{{cite web|title=Lower Manhattan: National Sep. 11 Memorial and Museum Construction Updates |url=http://www.lowermanhattan.info/construction/project_updates/world_trade_center_memorial_93699.aspx |publisher=Lower Manhattan Construction Command Center |accessdate=February 3, 2013 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130204070626/http://www.lowermanhattan.info/construction/project_updates/world_trade_center_memorial_93699.aspx |archivedate=February 4, 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Museum Cost Overrun and Discussions |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/2012/02/03/worldtradecenter-newyork-idUSL2E8D3H0G2012020 |accessdate=February 21, 2012 }}{{dead link|date=June 2016|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> and construction resumed on September 10, 2012.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-sept11-museum/deal-reached-to-resume-construction-on-september-11-museum-idUSBRE88A03V20120911|title=Deal reached to resume construction on September 11 museum|last=|first=|date=September 11, 2012|work=Reuters|access-date=2017-10-27|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/09/11/nyregion/ground-zero-museum-to-resume-construction-as-cuomo-and-bloomberg-end-dispute.html|title=Ground Zero Museum to Resume Construction as Cuomo and Bloomberg End Dispute|last=Bagli|first=Charles V.|date=2012-09-10|work=The New York Times|access-date=2017-10-27|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> After a number of false opening reports, it was announced that the museum would open to the public on May 21, 2014.<ref name="two">{{cite news|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/9-11-museum-open-21-offer-preview-families-article-1.1732071 |title=9/11 museum to open May 21, offer preview to families and first responders affected by WTC attacks |publisher=NY Daily News |date= March 24, 2014|accessdate=April 4, 2014 |location=New York}}</ref><ref name="three">{{cite news|agency=Associated Press |url=http://nypost.com/2014/03/24/national-911-memorial-museum-to-open-in-may/ |title=National 9/11 Memorial Museum to open in May | New York Post |publisher=Nypost.com |date=March 24, 2014 |accessdate=April 4, 2014}}</ref><ref name=latimes/> |
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The museum was dedicated on May 15, 2014.<ref name=":0">{{cite web|author=Christopher Robbins |url=http://gothamist.com/2014/05/15/photos_inside_the_911_museum_dedica.php |title=Photos: Inside The Moving 9/11 Museum Dedication |publisher=Gothamist |date= |accessdate=May 18, 2014}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2014/05/15/us/september-11-museum-ceremony/ |title=Obama, 9/11 families, first responders attend museum dedication |publisher=CNN.com |date= |accessdate=May 18, 2014}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{cite news|url=http://www.foxnews.com/us/2014/05/15/victims-relatives-obama-to-dedicate-11-memorial-museum/ |title=Victims' relatives, Obama to dedicate 9/11 memorial museum |publisher=Fox News |date=October 1, 2006 |accessdate=May 18, 2014}}</ref> In attendance were a range of dignitaries, from President [[Barack Obama]], former President [[Bill Clinton]], former Secretary of State [[Hillary Clinton]] and [[Governor of New York|New York Governor]] [[Andrew Cuomo]] to former mayors [[David Dinkins]], [[Rudy Giuliani]] and [[Michael Bloomberg]] and current mayor [[Bill de Blasio]]. During the hour-long ceremony [[LaChanze]] sang "[[Amazing Grace]]", which she dedicated to her husband (who was killed in the World Trade Center that day).<ref name="MuseumDedication">{{cite news|title=Long delayed Sept 11 Memorial Museum inaugurated by Obama|url=http://www.unitedstatesnews.net/index.php/sid/222031767/scat/154063713fe5da1f/ht/Long-delayed-Sept-11-Memorial-Museum-inaugurated-by-Obama|accessdate=May 15, 2014|publisher=United States News.Net}}</ref> During the five days between its dedication and the public opening, over 42,000 first responders and family members of 9/11 victims visited the museum.<ref name="five"/> |
The museum was dedicated on May 15, 2014.<ref name=":0">{{cite web |author=Christopher Robbins |url=http://gothamist.com/2014/05/15/photos_inside_the_911_museum_dedica.php |title=Photos: Inside The Moving 9/11 Museum Dedication |publisher=Gothamist |date= |accessdate=May 18, 2014 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140517191055/http://gothamist.com/2014/05/15/photos_inside_the_911_museum_dedica.php |archivedate=May 17, 2014 |df=mdy-all }}</ref><ref name=":1">{{cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2014/05/15/us/september-11-museum-ceremony/ |title=Obama, 9/11 families, first responders attend museum dedication |publisher=CNN.com |date= |accessdate=May 18, 2014}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{cite news|url=http://www.foxnews.com/us/2014/05/15/victims-relatives-obama-to-dedicate-11-memorial-museum/ |title=Victims' relatives, Obama to dedicate 9/11 memorial museum |publisher=Fox News |date=October 1, 2006 |accessdate=May 18, 2014}}</ref> In attendance were a range of dignitaries, from President [[Barack Obama]], former President [[Bill Clinton]], former Secretary of State [[Hillary Clinton]] and [[Governor of New York|New York Governor]] [[Andrew Cuomo]] to former mayors [[David Dinkins]], [[Rudy Giuliani]] and [[Michael Bloomberg]] and current mayor [[Bill de Blasio]]. During the hour-long ceremony [[LaChanze]] sang "[[Amazing Grace]]", which she dedicated to her husband (who was killed in the World Trade Center that day).<ref name="MuseumDedication">{{cite news|title=Long delayed Sept 11 Memorial Museum inaugurated by Obama|url=http://www.unitedstatesnews.net/index.php/sid/222031767/scat/154063713fe5da1f/ht/Long-delayed-Sept-11-Memorial-Museum-inaugurated-by-Obama|accessdate=May 15, 2014|publisher=United States News.Net}}</ref> During the five days between its dedication and the public opening, over 42,000 first responders and family members of 9/11 victims visited the museum.<ref name="five"/> |
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An opening ceremony for the museum was held on May 21,<ref name="seven">{{cite web|url=http://www.myfoxny.com/story/25574078/national-september-11-memorial-museum-opens |title=National September 11 Memorial Museum opens |work=Fox NY |date=May 21, 2014 |accessdate=May 21, 2014 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140521194934/http://www.myfoxny.com/story/25574078/national-september-11-memorial-museum-opens |archivedate=May 21, 2014 }}</ref><ref name=":3">{{cite web | url=http://www.amny.com/news/9-11-memorial-museum-opens-to-the-public-1.8106839 | title=9/11 Memorial Museum opens to the public | work=AM New York | date=May 21, 2014 | accessdate=May 21, 2014 | author=Feeney, Sheila A.}}</ref> during which twenty-four police officers and firefighters unfurled the restored {{convert|30|ft|m|adj=on}} [[Memorials and services for the September 11 attacks#Memorial flags|national 9/11 flag]] before it was brought into the museum for permanent display.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://nypost.com/2014/05/21/911-memorial-museum-opens-to-the-public/ | title=9/11 Memorial & Museum opens to the public | work=[[New York Post]] | date=May 21, 2014 | accessdate=September 8, 2014 | author=Staff writers}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.recordonline.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20140521/NEWS/140529947 | title=National 9/11 flag unfurled at World Trade Center museum opening | agency=Associated Press | work=Record Online | date=May 21, 2014 | accessdate=September 8, 2014}}</ref><ref name=nbcny>{{cite web | url=http://www.nbcnewyork.com/news/local/911-Memorial-Museum-Plaza-Open-Public-Sept-11-World-Trade-Center-260096781.html | title=National 9/11 Flag Unfurled as Museum Opens to the Public | work=NBC New York | date=May 21, 2014 | accessdate=September 8, 2014}}</ref> The gates surrounding the museum were then taken down, marking their first removal since the attacks.<ref name=nbcny/> Opening-day tickets quickly sold out.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://nypost.com/2014/05/21/911-museum-opens-on-wednesday-no-tickets-available-until-thursday/ | title=9/11 museum opens on Wednesday, no tickets available until Thursday | work=New York Post | date=May 21, 2014 | accessdate=May 21, 2014 | author=Li, David K.}}</ref> Despite the museum's design (to evoke memories without additional distress),<ref name="four">{{cite news | url=http://www.cbsnews.com/news/911-museum-designed-to-evoke-memories-without-causing-fresh-pain/ | title=9/11 museum designed to evoke memories without causing fresh pain | work=CBS News | date=May 21, 2014 | accessdate=May 21, 2014 | author=Fraser-Chanpong, Hannah}}</ref> counselors were available during its opening due to the large number of visitors.<ref name="five">{{cite news | url=http://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/wireStory/tissues-counselors-ease-pain-911-museum-23809457?singlePage=true | title=Tissues, Counselors Help Ease Pain at 9/11 Museum | agency=Associated Press | work=ABC News | date=May 21, 2014 | accessdate=May 21, 2014 | author=Peltz, Jennifer}}</ref> |
An opening ceremony for the museum was held on May 21,<ref name="seven">{{cite web|url=http://www.myfoxny.com/story/25574078/national-september-11-memorial-museum-opens |title=National September 11 Memorial Museum opens |work=Fox NY |date=May 21, 2014 |accessdate=May 21, 2014 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140521194934/http://www.myfoxny.com/story/25574078/national-september-11-memorial-museum-opens |archivedate=May 21, 2014 }}</ref><ref name=":3">{{cite web | url=http://www.amny.com/news/9-11-memorial-museum-opens-to-the-public-1.8106839 | title=9/11 Memorial Museum opens to the public | work=AM New York | date=May 21, 2014 | accessdate=May 21, 2014 | author=Feeney, Sheila A.}}</ref> during which twenty-four police officers and firefighters unfurled the restored {{convert|30|ft|m|adj=on}} [[Memorials and services for the September 11 attacks#Memorial flags|national 9/11 flag]] before it was brought into the museum for permanent display.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://nypost.com/2014/05/21/911-memorial-museum-opens-to-the-public/ | title=9/11 Memorial & Museum opens to the public | work=[[New York Post]] | date=May 21, 2014 | accessdate=September 8, 2014 | author=Staff writers}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.recordonline.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20140521/NEWS/140529947 | title=National 9/11 flag unfurled at World Trade Center museum opening | agency=Associated Press | work=Record Online | date=May 21, 2014 | accessdate=September 8, 2014}}</ref><ref name=nbcny>{{cite web | url=http://www.nbcnewyork.com/news/local/911-Memorial-Museum-Plaza-Open-Public-Sept-11-World-Trade-Center-260096781.html | title=National 9/11 Flag Unfurled as Museum Opens to the Public | work=NBC New York | date=May 21, 2014 | accessdate=September 8, 2014}}</ref> The gates surrounding the museum were then taken down, marking their first removal since the attacks.<ref name=nbcny/> Opening-day tickets quickly sold out.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://nypost.com/2014/05/21/911-museum-opens-on-wednesday-no-tickets-available-until-thursday/ | title=9/11 museum opens on Wednesday, no tickets available until Thursday | work=New York Post | date=May 21, 2014 | accessdate=May 21, 2014 | author=Li, David K.}}</ref> Despite the museum's design (to evoke memories without additional distress),<ref name="four">{{cite news | url=http://www.cbsnews.com/news/911-museum-designed-to-evoke-memories-without-causing-fresh-pain/ | title=9/11 museum designed to evoke memories without causing fresh pain | work=CBS News | date=May 21, 2014 | accessdate=May 21, 2014 | author=Fraser-Chanpong, Hannah}}</ref> counselors were available during its opening due to the large number of visitors.<ref name="five">{{cite news | url=http://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/wireStory/tissues-counselors-ease-pain-911-museum-23809457?singlePage=true | title=Tissues, Counselors Help Ease Pain at 9/11 Museum | agency=Associated Press | work=ABC News | date=May 21, 2014 | accessdate=May 21, 2014 | author=Peltz, Jennifer}}</ref> |
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| last = Star-Ledger| first = Steve Strunsky/The| title = Bloomberg says people upset about $24 fee to enter 9/11 museum, should 'write your congressman'| work = NJ.com| accessdate = May 15, 2014| date = May 14, 2014| url = http://www.nj.com/news/index.ssf/2014/05/bloomberg_says_people_upset_about_cost_to_enter_911_museum_should_write_your_congressman.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/hamill-9-11-museum-free-article-1.1796718 |title=Hamill: The National September 11 Memorial & Museum should be free to all |work=NY Daily News |date= May 18, 2014|accessdate=May 21, 2014 |location=New York}}</ref> |
| last = Star-Ledger| first = Steve Strunsky/The| title = Bloomberg says people upset about $24 fee to enter 9/11 museum, should 'write your congressman'| work = NJ.com| accessdate = May 15, 2014| date = May 14, 2014| url = http://www.nj.com/news/index.ssf/2014/05/bloomberg_says_people_upset_about_cost_to_enter_911_museum_should_write_your_congressman.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/hamill-9-11-museum-free-article-1.1796718 |title=Hamill: The National September 11 Memorial & Museum should be free to all |work=NY Daily News |date= May 18, 2014|accessdate=May 21, 2014 |location=New York}}</ref> |
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When the museum opened to victim families and first responders on May 15, 2014, anger by some that it was profiting from souvenirs considered in poor taste was widely covered.<ref>{{cite web|author=Ben Yakas |url=http://gothamist.com/2014/05/18/families_offended_by_crass_insensit.php |title=Families, New York Post Offended By 'Crass, Insensitive' 9/11 Museum Gift Shop |publisher=Gothamist |date=September 11, 2001 |accessdate=May 19, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Edelman |first=Susan |url=http://nypost.com/2014/05/18/outrage-over-911-museum-gift-shops-crass-souvenirs/ |title=The 9/11 museum's absurd gift shop | New York Post |publisher=Nypost.com |date= May 18, 2014|accessdate=May 19, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2014/05/19/us/9-11-memorial-museum-gift-shop/ |title=9/11 Memorial Museum's gift shop sparks outrage with some families |publisher=CNN.com |date= |accessdate=May 21, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Phillip |first=Abby |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-nation/wp/2014/05/19/families-infuriated-by-crass-commercialism-of-911-museum-gift-shop/ |title=Families infuriated by ‘crass commercialism’ of 9/11 Museum gift shop |publisher=Washingtonpost.com |date=September 11, 2001 |accessdate=May 21, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Prendergast |first=Daniel |url=http://nypost.com/2014/05/19/politicans-angered-over-crass-911-museum-gift-shop/ |title=Politicians rip crass 9/11 museum gift shop | New York Post |publisher=Nypost.com |date= May 19, 2014|accessdate=May 21, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Rousseau |first=Morgan |url=http://www.metro.us/newyork/news/national/2014/05/20/families-outraged-911-museum-gift-shop/ |title=Families outraged by 9/11 Museum gift shop |publisher=Metro.us |date=September 11, 2001 |accessdate=May 21, 2014}}</ref> Souvenir proceeds would fund the museum and memorial.<ref>{{cite news|last=Collman |first=Ashley |url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2631886/To-sell-baubles-I-quite-shocking-repugnant-Families-workers-killed-9-11-vent-fury-new-museums-tacky-gift-shop-stands-tomb-storing-8-000-unidentified-body-parts-victims.html |title=9/11 museum's tacky gift shop outrages victims' families | Mail Online |publisher=Dailymail.co.uk |date= May 18, 2014|accessdate=May 21, 2014 |location=London}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Benedictus |first=Leo |url=https://www.theguardian.com/culture/shortcuts/2014/may/19/911-museum-gift-shop-bad-taste-new-york |title=Are the 9/11 museum's commemorative toys and hoodies a step too far? | Culture |publisher=The Guardian |date=August 24, 2011 |accessdate=May 21, 2014}}</ref><ref name=NBCNews>James Steve, (May 22, 2014). [http://www.nbcnews.com/business/travel/9-11-museum-opens-outrage-over-gift-shop-cocktail-reception-n111886 "9/11 Museum Opens to Outrage Over Gift Shop, Cocktail Reception"]. [[NBC News]].</ref> On May 29, 2014, a U.S.-shaped cheese platter was among items removed for sale, and it was announced that all items sold would be reviewed by victim families for suitability.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/families-scrutinize-9-11-museum-gift-shop-article-1.1809853 | title=Items in 9/11 museum gift shop to be scrutinized by victims' families | work=NY Daily News | date=May 30, 2014 | accessdate=May 30, 2014 | author=Siemaszko, Corky | location=New York}}</ref> |
When the museum opened to victim families and first responders on May 15, 2014, anger by some that it was profiting from souvenirs considered in poor taste was widely covered.<ref>{{cite web |author=Ben Yakas |url=http://gothamist.com/2014/05/18/families_offended_by_crass_insensit.php |title=Families, New York Post Offended By 'Crass, Insensitive' 9/11 Museum Gift Shop |publisher=Gothamist |date=September 11, 2001 |accessdate=May 19, 2014 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140519233018/http://gothamist.com/2014/05/18/families_offended_by_crass_insensit.php |archivedate=May 19, 2014 |df=mdy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Edelman |first=Susan |url=http://nypost.com/2014/05/18/outrage-over-911-museum-gift-shops-crass-souvenirs/ |title=The 9/11 museum's absurd gift shop | New York Post |publisher=Nypost.com |date= May 18, 2014|accessdate=May 19, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2014/05/19/us/9-11-memorial-museum-gift-shop/ |title=9/11 Memorial Museum's gift shop sparks outrage with some families |publisher=CNN.com |date= |accessdate=May 21, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Phillip |first=Abby |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-nation/wp/2014/05/19/families-infuriated-by-crass-commercialism-of-911-museum-gift-shop/ |title=Families infuriated by ‘crass commercialism’ of 9/11 Museum gift shop |publisher=Washingtonpost.com |date=September 11, 2001 |accessdate=May 21, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Prendergast |first=Daniel |url=http://nypost.com/2014/05/19/politicans-angered-over-crass-911-museum-gift-shop/ |title=Politicians rip crass 9/11 museum gift shop | New York Post |publisher=Nypost.com |date= May 19, 2014|accessdate=May 21, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Rousseau |first=Morgan |url=http://www.metro.us/newyork/news/national/2014/05/20/families-outraged-911-museum-gift-shop/ |title=Families outraged by 9/11 Museum gift shop |publisher=Metro.us |date=September 11, 2001 |accessdate=May 21, 2014}}</ref> Souvenir proceeds would fund the museum and memorial.<ref>{{cite news|last=Collman |first=Ashley |url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2631886/To-sell-baubles-I-quite-shocking-repugnant-Families-workers-killed-9-11-vent-fury-new-museums-tacky-gift-shop-stands-tomb-storing-8-000-unidentified-body-parts-victims.html |title=9/11 museum's tacky gift shop outrages victims' families | Mail Online |publisher=Dailymail.co.uk |date= May 18, 2014|accessdate=May 21, 2014 |location=London}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Benedictus |first=Leo |url=https://www.theguardian.com/culture/shortcuts/2014/may/19/911-museum-gift-shop-bad-taste-new-york |title=Are the 9/11 museum's commemorative toys and hoodies a step too far? | Culture |publisher=The Guardian |date=August 24, 2011 |accessdate=May 21, 2014}}</ref><ref name=NBCNews>James Steve, (May 22, 2014). [http://www.nbcnews.com/business/travel/9-11-museum-opens-outrage-over-gift-shop-cocktail-reception-n111886 "9/11 Museum Opens to Outrage Over Gift Shop, Cocktail Reception"]. [[NBC News]].</ref> On May 29, 2014, a U.S.-shaped cheese platter was among items removed for sale, and it was announced that all items sold would be reviewed by victim families for suitability.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/families-scrutinize-9-11-museum-gift-shop-article-1.1809853 | title=Items in 9/11 museum gift shop to be scrutinized by victims' families | work=NY Daily News | date=May 30, 2014 | accessdate=May 30, 2014 | author=Siemaszko, Corky | location=New York}}</ref> |
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Families were further angered after a May 20, 2014 black-tie, VIP cocktail party for donors at the museum. Among the 60 attendees were former mayor Michael Bloomberg and representatives of [[Condé Nast]]. Family members objected to a party near unidentified remains; the sister of victim Robert Shay, Jr. [[Twitter|tweeted]], "Did you enjoy having drinks on top of my brother's grave last night?" Shay and dozens of other visitors were angered that first responders were turned away from the museum the previous day while staff prepared for the party. She said, "I am outraged that I can't visit my brother's final resting place without an appointment but people like Mike Bloomberg can wine and dine there whenever they want. This memorial and museum is sacred ground and last night it was desecrated." A retired FDNY fire marshal said, "You don't have cocktail parties at a cemetery."<ref name=NBCNews/><ref>Sandoval, Edgar; Burke, Kerry; Schapiro, Rich (May 22, 2014). "Did you enjoy having drinks on top of my brother's grave last night?". ''Daily News'' (New York). pp. 1, 4-5.</ref><ref>Fermino, Jennifer; Freidman, Dan (May 22, 2014). "A WTC Sacrilege". ''Daily News'' (New York). pp. 4-5.</ref> A mid-2014 proposal to open a Danny Meyer restaurant in the museum was criticized.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nypost.com/2014/05/21/in-bad-taste-911-memorial-museum-opening-danny-meyer-restaurant/|title=In bad taste: 9/11 museum opening Danny Meyer restaurant|newspaper=New York Post|date=May 21, 2014|accessdate=May 22, 2014|author=Li, David K.}}</ref><ref>[http://www.today.com/travel/restaurant-9-11-museum-stirs-controversy-2D79699276 "Restaurant at 9/11 museum stirs controversy"]. ''[[Today (U.S. TV program)|Today]]''. May 22, 2014.</ref><ref>Mullen, Matt (May 21, 2014). [http://observer.com/2014/05/dining-and-whining-danny-meyer-to-open-restaurant-at-911-museum/ "Dining and Whining: Danny Meyer to Open Restaurant at 9/11 Museum"]. ''[[New York Observer]]''.</ref> |
Families were further angered after a May 20, 2014 black-tie, VIP cocktail party for donors at the museum. Among the 60 attendees were former mayor Michael Bloomberg and representatives of [[Condé Nast]]. Family members objected to a party near unidentified remains; the sister of victim Robert Shay, Jr. [[Twitter|tweeted]], "Did you enjoy having drinks on top of my brother's grave last night?" Shay and dozens of other visitors were angered that first responders were turned away from the museum the previous day while staff prepared for the party. She said, "I am outraged that I can't visit my brother's final resting place without an appointment but people like Mike Bloomberg can wine and dine there whenever they want. This memorial and museum is sacred ground and last night it was desecrated." A retired FDNY fire marshal said, "You don't have cocktail parties at a cemetery."<ref name=NBCNews/><ref>Sandoval, Edgar; Burke, Kerry; Schapiro, Rich (May 22, 2014). "Did you enjoy having drinks on top of my brother's grave last night?". ''Daily News'' (New York). pp. 1, 4-5.</ref><ref>Fermino, Jennifer; Freidman, Dan (May 22, 2014). "A WTC Sacrilege". ''Daily News'' (New York). pp. 4-5.</ref> A mid-2014 proposal to open a Danny Meyer restaurant in the museum was criticized.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nypost.com/2014/05/21/in-bad-taste-911-memorial-museum-opening-danny-meyer-restaurant/|title=In bad taste: 9/11 museum opening Danny Meyer restaurant|newspaper=New York Post|date=May 21, 2014|accessdate=May 22, 2014|author=Li, David K.}}</ref><ref>[http://www.today.com/travel/restaurant-9-11-museum-stirs-controversy-2D79699276 "Restaurant at 9/11 museum stirs controversy"]. ''[[Today (U.S. TV program)|Today]]''. May 22, 2014.</ref><ref>Mullen, Matt (May 21, 2014). [http://observer.com/2014/05/dining-and-whining-danny-meyer-to-open-restaurant-at-911-museum/ "Dining and Whining: Danny Meyer to Open Restaurant at 9/11 Museum"]. ''[[New York Observer]]''.</ref> |
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==Other 9/11 memorials== |
==Other 9/11 memorials== |
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{{main|Memorials and services for the September 11 attacks}} |
{{main|Memorials and services for the September 11 attacks}} |
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In addition to the one at [[Ground zero#World Trade Center|Ground Zero]], a number of other memorials have been built by communities across the United States. Many are built around remnants of steel from the Twin Towers which have been donated by a Port Authority of New York and New Jersey program; over 1,000 pieces of World Trade Center steel have been distributed.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://thegazette.com/tag/port-authority-of-new-york-and-new-jersey/ |title=World Trade Center steel to be part of Cedar Rapids 9/11 ceremony |publisher=The Gazette |date=September 9, 2011 }}</ref> |
In addition to the one at [[Ground zero#World Trade Center|Ground Zero]], a number of other memorials have been built by communities across the United States. Many are built around remnants of steel from the Twin Towers which have been donated by a Port Authority of New York and New Jersey program; over 1,000 pieces of World Trade Center steel have been distributed.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://thegazette.com/tag/port-authority-of-new-york-and-new-jersey/ |title=World Trade Center steel to be part of Cedar Rapids 9/11 ceremony |publisher=The Gazette |date=September 9, 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://archive.is/20120717112333/http://thegazette.com/tag/port-authority-of-new-york-and-new-jersey/ |archivedate=July 17, 2012 |df=mdy-all }}</ref> |
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The [[9/11 Tribute Center]] is located next to the memorial, at the corner of [[Liberty Street (Manhattan)|Liberty]] and [[Greenwich Street]]s. This small collection of galleries focuses on the stories of those who were there on September 11, 2001 and [[1993 World Trade Center bombing|February 26, 1993]]. Tribute Center guides lead walking tours of the 9/11 Memorial, and present "We Were There" at the museum on Tuesdays, the day of the week the attacks took place.<ref>{{cite web|title=We Were There|url=http://tributewtc.org/press|website=9/11 Tribute Center}}</ref> |
The [[9/11 Tribute Center]] is located next to the memorial, at the corner of [[Liberty Street (Manhattan)|Liberty]] and [[Greenwich Street]]s. This small collection of galleries focuses on the stories of those who were there on September 11, 2001 and [[1993 World Trade Center bombing|February 26, 1993]]. Tribute Center guides lead walking tours of the 9/11 Memorial, and present "We Were There" at the museum on Tuesdays, the day of the week the attacks took place.<ref>{{cite web|title=We Were There|url=http://tributewtc.org/press|website=9/11 Tribute Center}}</ref> |
Revision as of 04:05, 3 November 2017
National September 11 Memorial & Museum | |
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BuroHappold Engineering (Museum) |
The National September 11 Memorial & Museum (also known as the 9/11 Memorial and 9/11 Memorial Museum) are a memorial and museum in New York City commemorating the September 11, 2001 attacks, which killed 2,977 victims, and the World Trade Center bombing of 1993, which killed six.[4] The memorial is located at the World Trade Center site, the former location of the Twin Towers that were destroyed during the September 11 attacks. It is operated by a non-profit corporation whose mission is to raise funds for, program, own, and operate the memorial and museum at the World Trade Center site.
A memorial was planned in the immediate aftermath of the attacks and destruction of the World Trade Center for the victims, including those involved in rescue operations.[5] The winner of the World Trade Center Site Memorial Competition was Israeli architect Michael Arad of Handel Architects, a New York- and San Francisco-based firm. Arad worked with landscape-architecture firm Peter Walker and Partners on the design, creating a forest of trees with two square pools in the center where the Twin Towers stood.[6] In August 2006, the World Trade Center Memorial Foundation and the
On September 11, 2011, a dedication ceremony commemorating the tenth anniversary of the attacks was held at the memorial. It opened to the public the following day; the museum was dedicated on May 15, 2014 and opened on May 21. Three months after its opening, the memorial had been visited by over a million people.
Background
World Trade Center |
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Towers |
Other elements |
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Artwork |
History |
National tour
In September 2007 the Memorial & Museum began a four-month national-awareness tour of 25 cities in 25 states, and thousands participated in tour activities.[10] The tour began at Finlay Park in Columbia, South Carolina, ending at Steinbrenner Field in Tampa, Florida. Highlights included an exhibition of photographs, artifacts from the site and a film with firsthand accounts from individuals who had directly experienced the attacks. At the opening ceremony in South Carolina, the students of White Knoll Middle School (who raised over $500,000 in 2001 for a new truck for the New York City Fire Department) were honored and retired New York City police officer Marcelo Pevida presented the city with an American flag which had flown over Ground Zero.[11] The main attractions of the 2007 national tour were steel beams, later used in the construction of the memorial, for visitors to sign.[12]
Fundraising
The National September 11 Memorial & Museum conducts a "cobblestone campaign", in which a contributor may sponsor a cobblestone or
On September 9, 2011, Secretary Shaun Donovan of the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development said that the department had given $329 million to the September 11 Memorial and Museum through HUD's Community Development Block Grant program.[17] According to CNN, the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey dropped its claim that the 9/11 Memorial and Museum Foundation owed it $300 million in construction costs in return for "financial oversight of the museum and memorial".[18]
Senator Daniel Inouye of Hawaii sponsored S.1537, the National September 11 Memorial and Museum Act of 2011, which would provide $20 million in federal funds annually toward the Memorial's operating budget (about one-third of its total budget). The legislation was presented to the U.S. Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources on October 19, 2011.[19] In return for federal funding S.1537 would authorize the Secretary of the Interior to accept the donation by the memorial's board of directors of title to the National September 11 Memorial, contingent on agreement by the board, the governors of New York and New Jersey, the Mayor of New York and the Secretary of the Interior. On October 19, 2011 William D. Shaddox of the National Park Service voiced concerns to the Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources about the agency's ability to provide the funds required by S.1537, testifying that NPS ownership of a property over which it would not have operational and administrative control (as stipulated by S.1537) was unprecedented.[20]
Memorial
History
Planning
The Memorial Mission:
- Remember and honor the thousands of innocent men, women, and children murdered by terrorists in the horrific attacks of February 26, 1993 and September 11, 2001.
- Respect this place made sacred through tragic loss.
- Recognize the endurance of those who survived, the courage of those who risked their lives to save others, and the compassion of all who supported us in our darkest hours.
- May the lives remembered, the deeds recognized, and the spirit reawakened be eternal beacons, which reaffirm respect for life, strengthen our resolve to preserve freedom, and inspire an end to hatred, ignorance and intolerance.
National September 11 Memorial & Museum at the World Trade Center: About Us, Mission Statements
Formerly the World Trade Center Memorial Foundation, the National September 11 Memorial & Museum was formed as a
In 2003, the
As mandated by the
The decision was made to not actively pursue new fund-raising efforts until complete clarity can be achieved with respect to the design and costs of the project. Cost concerns emerged publicly last week with the disclosure of an estimate by the construction manager,
Lend Lease Group, that the memorial and museum would cost $672 million and that it would take a total of at least $973 million to fully develop the memorial setting with a cooling plant, roadways, sidewalks, utilities and stabilized foundation walls. An estimate earlier this year put the cost of the memorial and memorial museum at $494 million.[28]
On May 26, 2006, Gretchen Dykstra resigned as president and chief executive officer of the World Trade Center Foundation.[29] The current president and CEO of the foundation, Joseph C. Daniels, was appointed in October 2006.[30] The memorial projects were toned down, and the budget was cut to $530 million.[31] Construction of the memorial began in August 2006 and, despite delays, the National September 11 Memorial & Museum was confident that it would be completed by September 11, 2011.[32]
Construction
On March 13, 2006, construction workers arrived at the WTC site to begin work on the Reflecting Absence design. Relatives of the victims and other concerned citizens gathered to protest the new memorial that day, saying that it should be built above ground. The president of the memorial foundation said that family members were consulted and formed a consensus in favor of the design, and work would continue as planned.[33][34] In May, estimated construction costs for the Memorial were reported to have risen to over $1 billion.[35] Mayor Michael Bloomberg said, "There's just not an unlimited amount of money that we can spend on a memorial. Any figure higher than $500 million would be inappropriate."[36]
In 2006, at the request of Bloomberg and Governor George Pataki, builder Frank Sciame performed a month-long analysis which included input from victims' families, the lower Manhattan business and residential communities, architects and members of the memorial-competition jury. The analysis recommended design changes which kept the memorial and museum within a $500 million budget.[37][38]
In July 2008, the
In November 2010, workers began testing the North Pool waterfall, and construction progressed through early 2011. In March installation of glass panels on the museum pavilion's façade began, and in May workers began testing the South Pool waterfall. Most of the memorial was finished in time for the 10th anniversary of the terrorist attacks, with the museum planned for completion one year later. By September 2, 243 trees were planted at the site and eight more were planted in the days before the memorial opened. By then, both pools were completed and the waterfalls were tested daily.
On September 12, 2011, one day after the 10th anniversary of the September 11 terrorist attacks, the memorial opened to the public with a lengthy set of rules and regulations approved by the foundation's board of directors. The period from September 11, 2011 to May 25, 2014 was known as the "interim operating period", when the memorial was surrounded by construction of neighboring World Trade Center projects; the fence was taken down on May 25, 2014.[42]
Design
In January 2004, Reflecting Absence, by architect Michael Arad and landscape architect Peter Walker, was selected from 5,201 entries from 63 countries as the winner of the LMDC's design competition. Two 1-acre (4,000 m2) pools with the largest man-made waterfalls in the United States comprise the footprints of the Twin Towers, symbolizing the loss of life and the physical void left by the attacks. The waterfalls are intended to mute the sounds of the city, making the site a contemplative sanctuary. Landscape architect Peter Walker planted many parts of the memorial with white oaks.[43] Almost 400 sweet gum and swamp white oak trees fill the remaining 6 acres (24,000 m2) of the Memorial Plaza, enhancing the site's reflective nature.[44]
Pedestrian simulations tested the memorial's design. The pedestrian-modeling program Legion was used to simulate visitor utilization of the space, and its design was tweaked to prevent bottlenecks.[45] The fountain was engineered by Delta Fountains.[46]
Arrangement of the victims’ names
The names of 2,983 victims are inscribed on 76 bronze plates attached to the
The names of the employees and visitors in the North Tower (WTC 1), the passengers and crew of
The process for arranging the names was finalized in a 2006 agreement, replacing an earlier plan to arrange the names randomly. According to Edith Lutnick (executive director of the Cantor Fitzgerald Relief Fund), "Your loved ones' names are surrounded by the names of those they sat with, those they worked with, those they lived with and, very possibly, those they died with."[51]
The six adult victims of the 1993 bombing are memorialized on Panel N-73 at the North Pool.[52] The phrase "and her unborn child" follows the names of ten pregnant women who died on 9/11 and one who died in the 1993 attack.[53]
The Survivor Tree
A
In November 2001, the tree was moved by the New York City Department of Parks and Recreation to the Arthur Ross Nursery in Van Cortlandt Park in the Bronx for care. It was then replanted in the Bronx on November 11, 2001.[58] The tree was not expected to survive, but it showed signs of new growth the following spring.[55] Although the national memorial team planned to include the Survivor Tree, its location was unknown at the time.[58]
Still under the care of the Bronx nursery, the tree was replanted without significant damage in March 2010 after it was uprooted by a storm.[57] After the replanting, Mayor Michael Bloomberg said: "Again, we and the tree refused to throw in the towel. We replanted the tree, and it bounced back immediately."[54]
The Survivor Tree has become a symbol of hope and rebirth; according to Arthur Ross Nursery manager Richie Cabo, "It represents all of us."[55] In an August 29, 2011 Port Authority press release (after Hurricane Irene), Daniels said: "True to its name, the Survivor Tree is standing tall at the Memorial."[59] Keating Crown (a survivor of the attacks) said, "It reminds us all of the capacity of the human spirit to persevere."[55] A Place of Remembrance: Official Book of the National September 11 Memorial describes the tree as "a reminder of the thousands of survivors who persevered after the attacks".[60]
In December 2010, the tree, then 30 feet (9.1 m) tall,
Controversies
Mohammad Salman Hamdani
Although victims'-family groups agreed that names would be grouped by workplace or other affiliation, NYPD cadet Mohammad Salman Hamdani was not included with the other first responders or the other victims whose remains were found in the wreckage of the North Tower. His name appears on the memorial's panel 66 for World Trade Center victims (next to a blank space along the South Tower perimeter), with those who did not fit into the groups created by the memorial committee or who had a loose connection to the World Trade Center. Hamdani's mother, Talat, has campaigned for the Memorial to acknowledge her son as a police cadet and first responder.[63] Hamdani received a full police-department funeral after his body was found (months after the attacks), and the street on which he lived was renamed in his honor.[64]
Arabic-language brochures
Although the memorial's brochures were translated into at least ten languages, the languages did not include
Museum
The September 11 Museum was dedicated on May 15, 2014,[66][67][68] and opened to the public on May 21.[3][69] Its exhibits include 23,000 images, 10,300 artifacts, nearly 2,000 oral histories of those killed – mostly provided by friends and families[70] – and over 500 hours of video.[3]
History
The underground museum has artifacts from September 11, 2001, including steel from the Twin Towers (such as the final steel, the last piece of steel to leave Ground Zero in May 2002). It is built at the former location of
In December 2011, museum construction halted temporarily due to disputes between the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey and the National September 11 Memorial and Museum Foundation over responsibility for infrastructure costs.[71][72] On March 13, 2012, talks on the issue began,[73][74] and construction resumed on September 10, 2012.[75][76] After a number of false opening reports, it was announced that the museum would open to the public on May 21, 2014.[77][78][70]
The museum was dedicated on May 15, 2014.[66][67][68] In attendance were a range of dignitaries, from President Barack Obama, former President Bill Clinton, former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton and New York Governor Andrew Cuomo to former mayors David Dinkins, Rudy Giuliani and Michael Bloomberg and current mayor Bill de Blasio. During the hour-long ceremony LaChanze sang "Amazing Grace", which she dedicated to her husband (who was killed in the World Trade Center that day).[2] During the five days between its dedication and the public opening, over 42,000 first responders and family members of 9/11 victims visited the museum.[79]
An opening ceremony for the museum was held on May 21,[3][69] during which twenty-four police officers and firefighters unfurled the restored 30-foot (9.1 m) national 9/11 flag before it was brought into the museum for permanent display.[80][81][82] The gates surrounding the museum were then taken down, marking their first removal since the attacks.[82] Opening-day tickets quickly sold out.[83] Despite the museum's design (to evoke memories without additional distress),[84] counselors were available during its opening due to the large number of visitors.[79]
Design
Designed by Davis Brody Bond, the museum is about 70 feet (21 m) below ground and accessible through a pavilion designed by Snøhetta.[85] The National September 11 Memorial Museum encloses 110,000 square feet (10,000 m2) of publicly accessible space.[86] The pavilion has a deconstructivist design, resembling a partially collapsed building (mirroring the attacks), and houses two tridents from the Twin Towers. One of the museum's walls is an exposed side of the slurry wall retaining the Hudson River, which remained intact during (and after) September 11.[87][88] Other Ground Zero artifacts include wrecked emergency vehicles (including a fire engine deformed from the collapse), pieces of metal from all seven World Trade Center buildings, recordings of survivors and first responders (including 911 phone calls), pictures of all victims, photographs from the wreckage and other media detailing the destruction (including the crashes, collapse, fires, those who jumped and the cleanup).[89] The museum is designed to evoke memories without additional distress, particularly to first responders and the families of victims.[84]
Controversies
Omission of Little Syria
The World Trade Center site was once part of
Museum operation
Tickets to the museum are $24, a price which has raised concerns. Michael Bloomberg agreed, encouraging people to "write your congressman" for more federal funding.[95][96][97]
When the museum opened to victim families and first responders on May 15, 2014, anger by some that it was profiting from souvenirs considered in poor taste was widely covered.[98][99][100][101][102][103] Souvenir proceeds would fund the museum and memorial.[104][105][106] On May 29, 2014, a U.S.-shaped cheese platter was among items removed for sale, and it was announced that all items sold would be reviewed by victim families for suitability.[107]
Families were further angered after a May 20, 2014 black-tie, VIP cocktail party for donors at the museum. Among the 60 attendees were former mayor Michael Bloomberg and representatives of Condé Nast. Family members objected to a party near unidentified remains; the sister of victim Robert Shay, Jr. tweeted, "Did you enjoy having drinks on top of my brother's grave last night?" Shay and dozens of other visitors were angered that first responders were turned away from the museum the previous day while staff prepared for the party. She said, "I am outraged that I can't visit my brother's final resting place without an appointment but people like Mike Bloomberg can wine and dine there whenever they want. This memorial and museum is sacred ground and last night it was desecrated." A retired FDNY fire marshal said, "You don't have cocktail parties at a cemetery."[106][108][109] A mid-2014 proposal to open a Danny Meyer restaurant in the museum was criticized.[110][111][112]
Placement of unidentified remains
In an early-morning ceremony on May 10, 2014, the long-unidentified remains of 1,115 victims were transferred from the city medical examiner to Ground Zero, where they would be placed in a space in the bedrock 70 feet (21 m) below ground as part of the 9/11 Museum. Reaction from the victims' families to the move was divided, with some supporting the decision and others calling the location inappropriate. Among the latter was FDNY Lt. James McCaffrey, the brother-in-law of 9/11 victim and firefighter Orio Palmer, who called a ground-level tomb a more dignified location: "The decision to put the human remains of the 9/11 dead in this basement is inherently disrespectful and totally offensive." McCaffrey said that the remains deserved a prominence equal to that of the Memorial's trees and pools, and that the ceremony was held early in the morning because of opposition to the decision.[113]
Withdrawn proposals
Two centers were proposed and withdrawn from the World Trade Center Memorial plan in 2005:
- The Deborah Burlingame wrote in The Wall Street Journal that the center would have a mission with no direct connection to the events of September 11 and might criticize American policy.[114] Right-wing blogs and commentators heavily criticized the center until Governor George Pataki withdrew support for it.[115]
- The Drawing Center Art Gallery at the World Trade Center – an art gallery that was in SoHo at the time.
Plans called for the Freedom Center to share space with the Drawing Center in a building known as the Cultural Center. Of the dispute over the proposed centers, one
Gallery
-
Completed North Pool, December 2016
-
Construction progress,
January 2008 -
Construction progress, September 2010
-
Construction progress, August 2011
-
Completed North Pool, September 2011
-
Completed fountain and museum under construction, October 2011
-
Memorial park, November 2011
-
South Pool with construction of the museum,Tower 4, and Tower 7in the background, April 2012
-
Remnant of the original Slurry Wall in the Bathtub at the museum
-
Remnant of the Survivor's Stairs, orVesey StreetStairs
-
White rose at the memorial
-
"Never Forget" tapestry
-
North Pool at night; panel N-76, showing the name of
Berry Berenson -
South Pool at night; panel S-66, showing the name of Bill Biggart
-
South Pool panel S-29, paying tribute to the Jersey City Fire Department
-
South Pool at night; panel S-17, showing the name ofPeter J. Ganci, Jr.
-
South Pool panel S-68, showing the name of Todd Beamer
-
South Pool panel S-67, showing the name of Mark Bingham
-
South Pool panel S-67, showing the name of Jeremy Glick
-
South Pool panel S-68, showing the name of Tom Burnett
-
North Pool panel N-73, with the names of the six victims of the 1993 bombing
Other 9/11 memorials
In addition to the one at
The
See also
- Memorials and services for the September 11 attacks
- Pamela Stafford, creator of New Hope mural
References
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{{cite web}}
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ignored (|url-status=
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ignored (|url-status=
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ignored (|url-status=
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Previously known as the World Trade Center Memorial, the memorial's official name is now the National September 11 Memorial & Museum at the World Trade Center. The memorial debuted a new logo and Internet address Tuesday.
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Under Daniels' leadership, the project would successfully open on the 10-year anniversary of the 9/11 attacks. Daniels has shifted his focus on ensuring the opening of the 9/11 Memorial Museum. He directs planning, construction, development and operations for the historic project that is expected to draw millions of visitors each year. For the entire project, Daniels has helped in a fundraising campaign that exceeds $400 million dollars.
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