List of cultural references to the September 11 attacks

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This list of cultural references to the September 11 attacks and to the post-9/11 socio political climate, includes works of art, music, books, poetry, comics, theater, film, and television.

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources.

Art and design

Ground Zero by Bobb Vann
Orfeus or Paradise Lost by Marike Stokker

Biology

  • Osama bin Laden (elephant) – an elephant in India nicknamed after the attacks’ mastermind due to its tendencies of reckless mass murder

Classical music

See also: List of songs about the September 11 attacks

Film

International

North America

Video, television, and theatrical release: documentaries

Video, television, and theatrical release: feature films

Released Title Director Comments
2017 9/11 Martin Guigui based on the play Elevator by John Patrick Carson.
2006 The 9/11 Commission Report Leigh Scott based upon the 9/11 Commission Report.
2018 12 Strong Nicolai Fuglsig based on the first soldiers sent into Afghanistan after 9/11.
2002 25th Hour Spike Lee set in post-9/11 New York and puts Ground Zero in the background of a pivotal scene.
2007 A Broken Sole Antony Marsellis a trilogy of 2007 American short films that use 9/11 as a backdrop.
2012 Airborne Dominic Burns independent film about a hijacked airliner. The film introduces its story by pretending since 9/11 there would be a so-called "Firelight Protocol" which had been "designed to protect those on the ground".
2014 American Sniper Clint Eastwood 9/11 coverage is shown on TV.
2010 The Conspirator Robert Redford about the response to the
assassination of Abraham Lincoln. Critics have cited it as an analogy to the post-9/11 atmosphere.[9][10]
2011 Extremely Loud and Incredibly Close Stephen Daldry based on the book of the same name that depicts the September 11 attacks and a family's experience in the aftermath.
2006 A Few Days in September Santiago Amigorena about a
CIA
agent with advanced intelligence of the September 11 attacks.
2006 Flight 93 Peter Markle television film directed by that aired on A&E.
2004 The Hamburg Cell Antonia Bird a television film based on
Hamburg, Germany
, and eventually becomes United Airlines 93's hijacker pilot.
2018 The Looming Tower television miniseries for Hulu.
2007 Reign Over Me Mike Binder about a man dealing with the loss of his family on 9/11.
2010 Remember Me Allen Coulter The attack on the World Trade Center serves as the film's climax and twist ending; the film does not show the attacks, but rather relies on audiences realising what's about to happen.
2019 The Report Scott Z. Burns based on the investigation of the CIA's use of torture following 9/11.
2004 Tiger Cruise Duwayne

Dunham

A
Disney Original Channel Movie that depicts a fictional account of the USS Constellation (CV-64) 2001 Tiger Cruise
. Follows a young girl, her friends, and their military family members from September 9 to September 14. Helped explain 9/11 to children.
2006 United 93 Paul Greengrass based on the events of United Airlines Flight 93.
2008 W. Oliver Stone about George W. Bush.
2006 World Trade Center Oliver Stone based on the rescue of John McLoughlin and Will Jimeno.
2021 Worth Sara Colangelo about the September 11th Victim Compensation Fund.
2012 Zero Dark Thirty Kathryn Bigelow the film opens with calls from people in the towers.

Middle East, South Asia, and diasporas

Video, television, and theatrical release: documentaries

Video, television, and theatrical release: feature films

Released Title Director Comments
2007 AmericanEast Hesham Issawi an American drama about
Arab-Americans living in Post-9/11
Los Angeles.
2009 Amreeka Cherien Dabis an American/Canadian independent film that documents the lives of a
Palestinian American family and their experiences in Post-9/11 suburban Chicago
.
2008
The Baby Doll Night
 Adel Adeeb an Egyptian film set in Cairo post-9/11.
2003 Bandhak Hyder Bilgrami an American film that explores the theme of racism against
South Asian Americans
post-9/11.
2007 Brick Lane Sarah Gavron a British film that tells the story of Nazneen, a
Bengali who grew up in Bangladesh
. It follows her experiences after she moves to London before, during, and after 9/11.
2006 Hope and a Little Sugar Tanuja Chandra an
Indian film
that explores the impact of the post 9/11 atmosphere on a Sikh family and their Muslim friend.
2011 I Am Singh Puneet Issar an
Indian film
about the murder of Ranveer Singh's younger brother (who was living in the United States when it happened) as a result of the post 9/11 climate.
2006 Just Your Average Arab Raouf Zaki a 2006 American film in which "Arab-American characters meet in the storage room of a convenience store where they take an 'Arab American Survival Guide post 9/11' class."[18][19]
2007 Khuda Kay Liye Shoaib Mansoor a Pakistani film that tells the story of three Pakistanis and their lives before and after 9/11 in regards to the after-effects to
Muslim Americans
from the 9/11 reactions.
2009 Kurbaan Rensil D'Silva an
Indian film that tells the story of Avantika Ahuja and Ehsaan Khan in India and the United States Post-9/11
.
2004 Madhoshi Anil Sharma an
Indian film
that is about Anupama Kaul whose sister is killed during 9/11.
2010 My Name Is Khan Karan Johar an
Muslim Americans
from the 9/11 reactions.
2009 New York Kabir Khan an
Indian film that tells the story of Samir, Maya, and Omar. They are three New York college students whose lives are changed by 9/11 and its aftermath
.
2006
The Road to Guantanamo
 Michael Winterbottom a British docudrama about
British Bangladeshi young men who were impacted by the Post-9/11
climate.
2010 Tere Bin Laden Abhishek Sharma an
Indian film that is a comedy about journalist Ali Hassan living in Pakistan. Due to his desperation to migrate to the U.S., he makes a fake Osama bin Laden
video using a look-alike, and sells it to TV channels.
2004 Yasmin Simon Beaufoy a German/British film set in a British Pakistani community in parts of Keighley, West Yorkshire, England before and after 9/11.
2006 Yun Hota Toh Kya Hota Naseeruddin Shah an
Indian film
that tells the story of a group of people from India who were aboard the ill-fated flights that crashed into the WTC and the Pentagon on 9/11.
2013
Viswaroopam
 Kamal Haasan an
9/11 attacks perpetrated by Al-Qaeda
agents.

Internet

  • Ill Bethisad (1997–present), a collaborative alternate history project. Like in real life, September 11, 2001, was marked by a tragedy where two twin towers in New York City were attacked by terrorists although there are also several differences between the attacks in reality and the fictional alternate universe where Ill Bethisad takes place. The first difference is that "New York City" was never called by that name, instead using its original name of "New Amsterdam". The second difference is that two airships were used for the attack as airplanes never caught on in Ill Bethisad. Others include the face that the buildings themselves, the "World Trade Towers" are built in a style that resembling the Chrysler Building instead of the World Trade Center as well as that due the different structures between airships and airplanes, the towers did not completely collapse (although the top 20 floors of both do fall off thanks to an explosion caused by the airships using hydrogen instead of helium to fly). Another was that unlike real life, the attack on the towers was the only attack on that day. The final and most important differences to reality was that the attacks were done by a cult called "The Janus Fellowship" (named after "Janus" the Roman god of duality) who did it in an attempt to recreate a similar attack in a twin parallel world (implied to be the 9/11 attacks of real life) to allow the attackers to achieve enlightenment by a meaningful death. For four years, it was a mystery who caused the attacks as no organization claimed responsibility for the attacks while investigations stalled and conspiracy theories circulated. In fact, the collaborators of the Ill Bethisad project moved on to other parts of the storyline not related to the attacks and came up with the cult after realizing that they forgot to add a perpetrator.[20][21]
  • The Best Page in the Universe (1997–present), a satirical website run by George Ouzounian (better known as "Maddox"). One part of the site spoofs the 9/11 conspiracy theory film series Loose Change with a set of pages (and a corresponding YouTube video) titled "Unfastened Coins". Both parody Loose Change by applying the same methods that the series uses for 9/11 to another disaster, the Sinking of the Titanic in 1912. In "Unfastened Coins", Maddox joking purports the Titanic sinking was not an accident but instead, the ship was deliberately sunk as part of a government conspiracy. As a result of this spoof, Maddox shows that the logic used by Loose Change is actually outlandish.[22] On another page, with the title "There is no 9/11 conspiracy you morons", Maddox once again spoofs Loose Change by noting various inconsistencies with the series. For example, Maddox noted that Dylan Avery, the creator of Loose Change was still alive while noting that it 9/11 really is a government conspiracy then Avery would be dead by now because the US government would have assassinated him to stop the secret from leaking. Maddox noted how many people would need to be involved in such a large-scale conspiracy that Avery claims 9/11 was and showing that if that was true than one of those people would have revealed it by now. Maddox also claims that if one folds the backs of certain U.S. dollar notes depicting the White House, The note turns into two depictions of 9/11 though Maddox goes out of his way to show that it is a coincidence and that the notes had that design years before 9/11 even happened.[23]

Literature and poetry

Fiction and non-fiction

Australia

  • "The Caribou Herd" (2003) by Miles Hitchcock won The Age Short Story Award in 2003. The narrator is an elderly English man with dementia, flying to New York on the day of the attacks and reminiscing about the 20th Century.

Europe

North America

Poetry

Television

  • Euphoria (2019) - In the pilot episode, Rue Bennett narrates that she was born “three days after 9/11” while a plane crashes into one of the towers.[45]
  • Family Guy
    • In the episode "It Takes a Village Idiot, and I Married One", Lois Griffin repeatedly chants "Nine-eleven" to gain voters at a rally while running for mayor.[46]
    • In a deleted scene from "Meet the Quagmires", when Brian and Peter Griffin go back in time, Brian gets into a fight, and instructs the bar patron to meet on top of the World Trade Center on September 11, 2001.[citation needed]
    • In the episode "
      AIDS". Brian corrects Peter telling him it was the site of the 9/11 attacks. Then, Peter believes Iraq (under Saddam Hussein
      ) had something to do with the attacks, but those were untrue.
    • In "Back to the Pilot", Stewie and Brian travel back in time to the pilot episode which took place on January 31, 1999. While in the past, Brian informs his former self about 9/11. This causes it never to happen and when they travel back to the present the United States is in the middle of a second civil war due to the fact George W. Bush never won the 2004 U.S. presidential election.
    • In "Big Man on Hippocampus", during Fast Money round on Family Feud, when Lois was asked to name a favorite holiday, Stewie answered 9/11.
    • In the episode "
      The Late Show with David Letterman and, pretending to be Woods, tells the world that he is starring in an HBO comedy putting a positive light on 9/11, called September 11th 2000-FUN!, about a window washer who has just finished cleaning the last window of the twin towers; when he turns to get off the scaffolding he sees an airplane and screams "Oh come on!" Peter then makes several evil 9/11 remarks to add to his speech and claims that the plane will be voiced by comedian David Spade
      , which angered the real James Woods who said he would never work with Spade.
    • In the straight-to-DVD never-shown-on-television episode "Partial Terms of Endearment", a special feature shows a storyboarded scene that was never made part of the episode; in the scene, Peter attempts to kill Lois's unborn fetus by using boxing gloves attached to remote-controlled planes. Two of these glove-planes end up demolishing two sand towers that Stewie is building, causing him to exclaim "This is no accident; we're under attack!", and a third glove-plane is shown to land in a part of the yard labeled 'Shanksville'; all of this is a clear parody of the events of 9/11.
  • alternate reality where the White House
    was destroyed, but the World Trade Centre was left standing.
  • Homeland (2011–2020) - The show centers on the characters of Carrie Mathison (Claire Danes), a bipolar Central Intelligence Agency officer, and Nicholas Brody (Damian Lewis), a homecoming U.S. Marine. Mathison has come to believe that Brody, who was held captive by al-Qaeda as a prisoner of war, was "turned" by the enemy and now supposedly poses a serious threat to the security of the United States. The series' first season in particular plays with the steadily-shifting equilibrium of not-knowing who-is-who and thrillingly depicts the aftermath of 9/11 as a national trauma and the fragile state the nation's collective mind has been left with.[47]
  • Ramy (2019) - In "Strawberries," the fourth episode of Ramy, the lead character as an adolescent is already having enough trouble fitting in before the terrorist attacks make him even more isolated at his New Jersey middle school. Footage of the smoking towers is seen only briefly, for establishing purposes, on the screen of his classroom.[45]
  • Rescue Me (2004-2011) an FX series about firefighters in New York City with the aftermath of the attacks and the impact on the characters used as plot points.
  • The Lone Gunmen (2001) - In the pilot episode of this short-lived spinoff of The X-Files, the plot has similarities to both the 9/11 attacks itself and popular conspiracy theories about them, which is completely coincidental because it aired in March 2001, six months before the real attacks.[48] The episode involves the eponymous conspiracy theorists The Lone Gunmen uncovering a plot by rogue members of the U.S. government to hijack an airliner, fly it into the World Trade Center, blame it on terrorists and use it to start a war.[48] In the episode, The Lone Gunmen successfully foil the plot by taking over the controls and flying it away just before it hits the towers.[48]
  • Travelers - The first test of sending human consciousness through time involved sending a man to the World Trade Center on September 11, minutes before Flight 11 crashed into the North Tower. The test is featured in the first episode of season 2.

Theater

  • Bystander 9/11 (2001) by Meron Langsner. A documentary play written by a playwright who survived the attacks in NYC.[49]
  • The Domestic Crusaders (2005) by Wajahat Ali. The play is about a Pakistani-American Muslim family grappling with their own internal struggles, the changing dynamics of American society and a globalized, post-9/11 world.
  • The God of Hell (2004) by Sam Shepard. The play was written in part as a response to the post-9/11 atmosphere.
  • The Guys (2001) by Anne Nelson. The play explores the memories and emotions of a surviving fire captain and a writer who helps him write eulogies for his lost comrades.
  • The Mercy Seat (2002) by Neil LaBute. The play is about a protagonist who considers faking his death after having coincidentally survived the attacks.
  • Recent Tragic Events (2003) by Craig Wright. The play takes place on September 12, 2001, and deals with a blind date between a man and a woman who is trying to reach her sister, who lives in New York.[50]
  • Omnium Gatherum (2003) by Theresa Rebeck and Alexandra Gersten-Vassilaros. The play involves a sophisticated dinner party of characters talking about and who perished in the 9/11 attacks.
  • Elegies (2003), a song cycle by William Finn about deaths of friends and family, concludes with three songs about the September 11 attacks and the aftermath.
  • Truth Serum Blues (2005) by Ismail Khalidi. The play tells of the story of Kareem a "young Arab-American" whose life is changed by the Post-9/11 atmosphere.[51]
  • United States of Banana (2011) by
    Segismundo who is trapped in the dungeon of the Statue of Liberty after the fall of the World Trade Center on September 11, 2001.[52]
  • Camp Delta. The play devolves when actual visitors from the mainland arrive.[53]
  • Gander, Newfoundland. It tells the story of the town's response to 38 US-bound international flights that were diverted to Gander International Airport as part of the Canadian government's Operation Yellow Ribbon, almost doubling the population of the small town overnight.[54] The musical tells the story from the points of view of the townspeople, various passengers, and American Airlines pilot Beverley Bass. After premiering on Broadway in 2017, Come From Away won Best Direction of a Musical at the 71st Tony Awards and was a nominee for Best Musical.[55]
  • Ordinary Days (2008) by Adam Gwon. In the song "I'll Be Here", the character Claire recalls the events of September 11 and the loss of her husband in the attack, coincidentally on their one-year wedding anniversary.

Video games

  • 8:46 – A virtual reality video game which takes place inside the World Trade Center during the attacks.[56]
  • Fail Toys review of Laden VS USA that "it boggles the mind that it was actually manufactured and sent to the United States".[57]
  • Terrifying 9.11 – an
    title screen and adding cutscenes before and after each level where George W. Bush and Osama Bin Laden (characters who otherwise make no appearances in the game) taunt each other.[60][61] The original Metal Slug title screen planned for the game before it got turned into Terrifying 9.11 is actually still in the game's files, albeit unused.[61] These changes aside, the game is very accurate to the arcade original at least as the Game Boy Color allows compared to the much powerful Neo Geo arcade system that ran Metal Slug and had unusually high quality production for an unlicensed game.[60][61] Terrifying 9.11 was released in two languages, English and Chinese.[60] This game is infamous for its 9/11 theme.[60][61] In 2018, a ROM hack of Terrifying 9.11 was made to turn it back into Metal Slug by removing the cutscenes though this version does not restore the original title screen due to technical reasons but instead changes the words "Terrifying 9.11" to "Metal Slug, maintaining the World Trade Center in the background.[62]

See also

References

  1. ^ "World Trade Center Site Memorial Competition". Archived from the original on 18 October 2014. Retrieved 27 March 2015.
  2. ^ "Official website". 911Flipbook.com.
  3. ^ Richardson, Clem (September 9, 2011). "Artist's painting 'Golden Angels' is a tribute to 9/11, a 10-year project". New York Daily News. Retrieved February 22, 2012.
  4. ^ "07. Save Manhattan 03". Mounir Fatmi. Archived from the original on 30 December 2011. Retrieved 23 January 2012.
  5. ^ Gregory Buchakjian. "32. Save Manhattan". Mounir Fatmi. Archived from the original on 11 December 2011. Retrieved 23 January 2012.
  6. ^ September, a A History Painting by Gerhard Richter. 2010. Archived from the original on 2016-07-01. Retrieved 2016-05-29.
  7. ^ Interview with Robert Gulya Archived 2012-05-29 at the Wayback Machine Video. Gramy Records. 2010. (Hungarian with English subtitles)
  8. ^ "Retired Site | PBS". PBS. Archived from the original on 2008-01-10.
  9. ^ "'The Conspirator' is a Compelling Allegory". Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 27 March 2015.
  10. ^ Owen Gleiberman (April 23, 2011). "'The Conspirator' is a post-9/11 message movie. Are you as tired of post-9/11 message movies as I am?". Archived from the original on May 13, 2012. Retrieved February 3, 2012.
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  13. ^ Nathan Southern (2013). "Arabs and Terrorism: New York Times". Movies & TV Dept. The New York Times. Archived from the original on 2013-06-16. Retrieved 2017-02-10.
  14. ^ "Divided We Fall Official Website". Archived from the original on 2012-02-13. Retrieved 2012-02-09.
  15. ^ tjwaccountmail (14 September 2006). "Divided We Fall: Americans in the Aftermath (2006)". IMDb. Archived from the original on 1 May 2016. Retrieved 27 March 2015.
  16. ^ goleafs84 (3 April 2009). "Stand Up: Muslim-American Comics Come of Age (2009)". IMDb. Archived from the original on 30 March 2016. Retrieved 27 March 2015.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
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  18. ^ "Just Your Average Arab - A Film by Raouf Zaki". Archived from the original on 14 February 2015. Retrieved 27 March 2015.
  19. ^ "Just Your Average Arab (2006)". IMDb. 27 March 2015. Archived from the original on 16 July 2015. Retrieved 27 March 2015.
  20. ^ "World Trade Towers - IBWiki".
  21. ^ "Talk:World Trade Towers - IBWiki".
  22. ^ "Official Website for the Titanic truth movement".
  23. ^ "There is no 9/11 conspiracy you morons".
  24. ^ Maya Jaggi (7 March 2009). "Review: Burnt Shadows by Kamila Shamsie". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 3 April 2015. Retrieved 27 March 2015.
  25. ^ Mark Lawson (14 October 2006). "Review: A Disorder Peculiar to the Country by Ken Kalfus". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 3 April 2015. Retrieved 27 March 2015.
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  27. ^ "Forever: A Novel". Archived from the original on 2011-08-09. Retrieved 2011-09-20.
  28. ^ Patriot Acts Review (San Francisco Chronicle)
  29. ^ "That Page Was Not Found". Archived from the original on 18 September 2012. Retrieved 27 March 2015.
  30. ^ "Evergreen Review". Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 27 March 2015.
  31. ^ "'Zero' sums up our paranoid moment". USA Today. Retrieved 27 March 2015.
  32. ^ ". . . With Both Hands". 5 October 2010. Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 27 March 2015.
  33. ^ "Photograph from September 11". Archived from the original on 3 April 2015. Retrieved 27 March 2015.
  34. ^ "Threepenny: Bidart, Curse". Archived from the original on 22 February 2015. Retrieved 27 March 2015.
  35. ^ "Typo Magazine Issue Two". Archived from the original on 1 April 2015. Retrieved 27 March 2015.
  36. ^ Fallacies of Wonder Archived 2012-04-02 at the Wayback Machine
  37. ^ "Books". Penguin Random House Canada. Archived from the original on 17 May 2014. Retrieved 27 March 2015.
  38. ^ "Mizna: Prose, Poetry, and Art Exploring Arab America". Archived from the original on 2 April 2012. Retrieved 27 March 2015.
  39. ^ "The Hudson Remembers". Archived from the original on 12 April 2015. Retrieved 5 April 2015.
  40. ^ "This poem by Sharon Olds from Stag's Leap". 15 April 2013. Archived from the original on 15 April 2015. Retrieved 5 April 2015.
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  42. ^ "The Names". 5 October 2011. Archived from the original on 11 April 2015. Retrieved 5 April 2015.
  43. ^ "Last Words". Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 5 April 2015.
  44. ISBN 9781466817906
    . Retrieved 21 April 2020.
  45. ^ a b Friedlander, Whitney (September 11, 2019). "9/11 is becoming part of history. Want proof? Turn on your TV". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved November 11, 2020.
  46. ^ Haque, Ahsan (May 14, 2007). "Family Guy: "It Takes a Village Idiot and I Married One" Review". IGN. Archived from the original on December 21, 2011. Retrieved December 19, 2009.
  47. ^ Steiner, Tobias. "Dealing with a Nation's Trauma". Academia.edu. Retrieved May 18, 2013.[permanent dead link]
  48. ^ a b c "The Lone Gunmen - Series - Episode List - TV Tango".
  49. ^ "13 Theatre Works That Responded to 9/11 | Playbill".
  50. ^ "Talkin' Broadway Off-Broadway - Recent Tragic Events - 9/28/03". Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 27 March 2015.
  51. ^ "Truth Serum Blues a Play by Ismail Khalidi and Bassam Jarbawi - Illinois Humanities Council". Illinois Humanities Council. Archived from the original on 26 March 2012. Retrieved 27 March 2015.
  52. ^ Madelena Gonzales and Helene Laplace-Claverie, editors, "Minority Theatre on the Global Stage: Challenging Paradigms from the Margins, 2012.
  53. ^ Hayford, Justin Review: Good Morning Gitmo Archived 2017-07-11 at the Wayback Machine. Chicago Reader. Retrieved on November 15, 2014.
  54. ^ Westerfield, Joe (March 13, 2017). "'Come From Away,' an uplifting 9/11 musical, opens on Broadway". Newsweek. Archived from the original on March 14, 2017. Retrieved April 1, 2018.
  55. ^ Nathoo, Zulekha (June 11, 2017). "Come From Away wins Tony Award for best direction of a musical". CBC News. Archived from the original on April 18, 2018. Retrieved April 1, 2018.
  56. ^ Dillon, Nancy (November 2, 2015). "'Disgusting' new virtual reality simulator allows players to experience horror of 9/11 from inside North Tower". New York Daily News. Retrieved May 29, 2023.
  57. ^ a b c d e "Fail Video Game Bin Laden VS USA Hand Held Toy Review by Mike Mozart of JeepersMedia". DeadlineLIVE. December 22, 2009. Archived from the original on December 26, 2009. Retrieved December 23, 2009.
  58. ^
    OCLC 68918463. cp3p6rfKdK0C. Retrieved September 27, 2009.[permanent dead link
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  59. ^ a b Jessica (June 2, 2005). "9/11 Video Game Upsets Otherwise Docile Residents Of Brooklyn, Chelsea". Gawker. Archived from the original on 2012-10-06. Retrieved December 28, 2009.
  60. ^ a b c d e f "Let's get hitek". 8 January 2017.
  61. ^ a b c d e f g "Terrifying 9.11 - the Cutting Room Floor".
  62. ^ "Metal Slug".

External links

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