Lambda: Difference between revisions

Greek alphabet
Αα Alpha Νν Nu Ββ Beta Ξξ Xi Γγ Gamma Οο Omicron Δδ Delta Ππ Pi Εε Epsilon Ρρ Rho Ζζ Zeta Σσς Sigma Ηη Eta Ττ Tau Θθ Theta Υυ Upsilon Ιι Iota Φφ Phi Κκ Kappa Χχ Chi Λλ Lambda Ψψ Psi Μμ Mu Ωω Omega
History
Archaic local variants tsan digamma Diacritics Ligatures Numerals ϛ (6) ϟ (90) ϡ (900)
Use in other languages
Bactrian Coptic Albanian
Related topics
Use as scientific symbols
Category
v t e

Lambda, Λ, λ (uppercase Λ, lowercase λ;

In

The HTML 4 character entity references for the Greek capital and small letter lambda are "Λ" and "λ", respectively.[3] The Unicode code points for lambda are U+039B and U+03BB.

Symbol

Upper-case letter Λ

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Examples of the symbolic use of uppercase lambda include:

• The
  lambda particle is a type of subatomic particle in subatomic particle physics
  .
• Lambda is the set of logical axioms in the
  axiomatic method of logical deduction in first-order logic
  .
• Lambda was used as a
  Lacedaemon, ([[[wikt:Λακεδαίμων|Λακεδαίμων]], Lakedaímōn] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help)), the name of the polis
  of the Spartans, as opposed to the city itself.
• Lambda is the von Mangoldt function in mathematical number theory.
• In
  MANOVA
  analysis) to compare group means on a combination of dependent variables.
• In the
  eigenvalues of the matrix
  .
• In
  digital computer's virtual memory
  management.
• In astrophysics, lambda represents the likelihood that a small body will encounter a planet or a dwarf planet leading to a deflection of a significant magnitude. An object with a large value of lambda is expected to have cleared its neighborhood, satisfying the current definition of a planet.
• In crystal optics, lambda is used to represent the period of a lattice.
• In NATO military operations, a chevron (a capital lambda symbol) is painted on the vehicles of this military alliance for identification.
• In chemistry there are Δ (delta) and Λ (lambda) isomers, see: coordination complex
• In
  conductance" of an electrolyte
  solution.
• In cosmology, lambda is the symbol for the cosmological constant, a term added to some dynamical equations to account for the acceleration of the universe.
• In optics, lambda denotes the grating pitch of a
  Bragg reflector
  .
• In block-handwritten Russian, this letter represents Л in both uppercase and lowercase.

Lower-case letter λ

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Examples of the symbolic use of lowercase lambda include:

• In evolutionary algorithms, λ indicates the number of offspring that would be generated from μ current population in each generation. The terms μ and λ are originated from Evolution strategy notation.
• Lambda indicates the
  electronics engineering, and mathematics.^[4]
• Lambda indicates the
  radioactivity. This constant is very simply related (by a multiplicative constant) to the half-life
  of any radioactive material.
• In probability theory, lambda represents the density of occurrences within a time interval, as modeled by the Poisson distribution.
• In mathematical logic and computer science, lambda is used to introduce anonymous functions expressed with the concepts of lambda calculus.
• cubic millimetre
  (1 mm³). This use is currently deprecated.
• Lambda indicates an
  eigenvalue in the mathematics of linear algebra
  .
• In the physics of electric fields, lambda sometimes indicates the linear charge density of a uniform line of electric charge (measured in coulombs per meter).
• Lambda denotes a Lagrange multiplier in multi-dimensional calculus.
• In solid-state electronics, lambda indicates the channel length modulation parameter of a MOSFET.
• There is a lambda phage virus in biology.
• In ecology, lambda denotes the long-term intrinsic growth rate of a population. This value is often calculated as the dominant eigenvalue of the age/size class matrix (mathematics).
• In
  formal language theory and in computer science, lambda denotes the empty string
  .
• Lambda is a nonstandard symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet.
• In
  optical communications system. This is actually a form of the long-established concept of frequency-division multiplexing
  .
• Lambda denotes the Lebesgue measure in mathematical set theory.
• The
  proportional reduction in error
  when one variable's values are used to predict the values of another variable.
• Lambda denotes the
  internal-combustion engine
  .
• A
  Japan's first orbital satellite in 1970.^[5]
• Lambda denotes the
  mean time between failures
  .
• In criminology, lambda denotes an individual's frequency of
  offenses
  .
• In cartography and navigation, lambda denotes the longitude of a location.
• Lambda denotes Christopher Langton's parameter for the classification of Stephen Wolfram's classes of cellular automata.
• In electrochemistry, lambda also denotes the ionic conductance of a given ion (The composition of the ion is generally shown as a subscript to the lambda character).
• In
  neurobiology, lambda denotes the length constant (or exponential rate of decay) of the electric potential across the cell membrane along a length of a nerve cell's axon
  .
• In the science and technology of
  heat of vaporization per mole of material (a.k.a. its "latent heat").^[6]
• In the technology and science of celestial navigation, lambda denotes the longitude as opposed to the Roman letter "L", which denotes the latitude.
• King
  Louis XIII of France used the letter lambda as his personal symbol rather than a monogram
  .
• In
  automobiles
  , lambda denotes an engine, fuel, or ignition system failure.
• A block style Lambda is used as a recurring symbol in the Valve Corporation computer game series Half-Life,^[7] referring to the Lambda complex of the fictional Black Mesa Research Facility, as well as making appearances in the sequel Half-Life 2.^[8]
• Lambda was used by Pythagoras to denote the "Lambda number sequence" 1, 2, 3, 4, 9, 8, 27... (sequence A098293 in the OEIS) formed by the integers of the form 2ⁱ and 3ⁱ, for nonnegative integer i.^{[citation needed]}

Litra symbol

The

Lambda as a name

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• Stargate SG-1 uses a modified upper-case lambda, with a small circle above the apex, to indicate Earth. This symbol has since become associated with the entire franchise.^[11][12]
• Brothers of the Lambda Theta Phi Latin Fraternity are considered Lambda Men, or simply Lambdas.
• Brothers of the Lambda Phi Epsilon Asian American interest fraternity are commonly referred to as Lambdas.
• Lambda is occasionally used in graphic design to represent a stylised "A". Examples include the Disney movie
  Λucifer
  (pronounced "lucifer") is sometimes spelled "Aucifer".
• The
  superscript), prominently featured on the chest of Gordon Freeman's (the protagonist) powered armor, known as an HEV suit.^{[citation needed}
  ]
• In the 2D fighting game series BlazBlue, a recurring character named Lambda-11 appears in the various games' story modes and as a playable character.
• Several LGBT rights organizations, such as
  Lambda Literary Award, derive their names from the use of a lower-case lambda as a symbol for LGBT rights
  .
• The visual novel
  Umineko: When They Cry
  , has a character named Lambdadelta.
• In the RPG game Tales of Graces, originally made for the Wii, Lambda is the name of the main story's antagonist (voiced by Keith Silverstein).
• There is a PlayStation Vita game known as Cytus Lambda.
• The musical group
  Axwell Λ Ingrosso
  use the lambda as symbol in their name.
• An automotive oxygen sensor (O₂ sensor) is also known as a lambda probe, sensor, sond, or sonde.
• Lambda is used in art and photography to refer to a digital
  Type C print
  , or to the equipment that is used to produce it.
• In the study of gasoline engines, lambda sometimes refers to the air–fuel mixture going into the engine.^[13]

Character encodings

Unicode uses the spelling "lamda" in character names, instead of "lambda", due to "preferences expressed by the Greek National Body".^[14]

• Greek Lambda / Coptic Laula

Character information

Preview	Λ		λ		ᴧ		Ⲗ		ⲗ
Unicode name	GREEK CAPITAL LETTER LAMDA		GREEK SMALL LETTER LAMDA		GREEK LETTER SMALL CAPITAL LAMDA		COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER LAULA		COPTIC SMALL LETTER LAULA
Encodings	decimal	hex	dec	hex	dec	hex	dec	hex	dec	hex
Unicode	923	U+039B	955	U+03BB	7463	U+1D27	11414	U+2C96	11415	U+2C97
UTF-8	206 155	CE 9B	206 187	CE BB	225 180 167	E1 B4 A7	226 178 150	E2 B2 96	226 178 151	E2 B2 97
Numeric character reference	Λ	Λ	λ	λ	ᴧ	ᴧ	Ⲗ	Ⲗ	ⲗ	ⲗ
Named character reference	Λ		λ
DOS Greek	138	8A	162	A2
DOS Greek-2	182	B6	229	E5
Windows 1253	203	CB	235	EB
TeX	\Lambda		\lambda

• Mathematical Lambda

Character information

Preview	𝚲		𝛌		𝛬		𝜆		𝜦		𝝀
Unicode name	MATHEMATICAL BOLD CAPITAL LAMDA		MATHEMATICAL BOLD SMALL LAMDA		MATHEMATICAL ITALIC CAPITAL LAMDA		MATHEMATICAL ITALIC SMALL LAMDA		MATHEMATICAL BOLD ITALIC CAPITAL LAMDA		MATHEMATICAL BOLD ITALIC SMALL LAMDA
Encodings	decimal	hex	dec	hex	dec	hex	dec	hex	dec	hex	dec	hex
Unicode	120498	U+1D6B2	120524	U+1D6CC	120556	U+1D6EC	120582	U+1D706	120614	U+1D726	120640	U+1D740
UTF-8	240 157 154 178	F0 9D 9A B2	240 157 155 140	F0 9D 9B 8C	240 157 155 172	F0 9D 9B AC	240 157 156 134	F0 9D 9C 86	240 157 156 166	F0 9D 9C A6	240 157 157 128	F0 9D 9D 80
UTF-16	55349 57010	D835 DEB2	55349 57036	D835 DECC	55349 57068	D835 DEEC	55349 57094	D835 DF06	55349 57126	D835 DF26	55349 57152	D835 DF40
Numeric character reference	𝚲	𝚲	𝛌	𝛌	𝛬	𝛬	𝜆	𝜆	𝜦	𝜦	𝝀	𝝀

Character information

Preview	𝝠		𝝺		𝞚		𝞴
Unicode name	MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD CAPITAL LAMDA		MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD SMALL LAMDA		MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD ITALIC CAPITAL LAMDA		MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD ITALIC SMALL LAMDA
Encodings	decimal	hex	dec	hex	dec	hex	dec	hex
Unicode	120672	U+1D760	120698	U+1D77A	120730	U+1D79A	120756	U+1D7B4
UTF-8	240 157 157 160	F0 9D 9D A0	240 157 157 186	F0 9D 9D BA	240 157 158 154	F0 9D 9E 9A	240 157 158 180	F0 9D 9E B4
UTF-16	55349 57184	D835 DF60	55349 57210	D835 DF7A	55349 57242	D835 DF9A	55349 57268	D835 DFB4
Numeric character reference	𝝠	𝝠	𝝺	𝝺	𝞚	𝞚	𝞴	𝞴

These characters are used only as mathematical symbols. Stylized Greek text should be encoded using the normal Greek letters, with markup and formatting to indicate text style.

See also

Look up Λ or λ in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

• El (Cyrillic) – Л, л
• Fraser alphabet#Consonants
• Greek letters used in mathematics, science, and engineering

References

1. ^ Herbert Weir Smyth. A Greek Grammar for Colleges. I.1.c
2. ^ "Epigraphic Sources for Early Greek Writing". Poinikastas.csad.ox.ac.uk. Retrieved 2011-10-03.
3. ^ World Wide Web Consortium W3C. HTML 4.01 Specification, 24. Character entity references in HTML 4. [1]
4. ^ Nelkon, Michael (1977). Fundamentals of Physics. St. Albans, Hertfordshire: Hart-Davis Educational. p. 329.
5. ^ "Encyclopedia Astronautica: Lambda". Astronautix.com. Archived from the original on 2012-10-22. Retrieved 2012-12-18. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
6. ^ Wankat Separation Process Engineering 2nd ed, Prentice Hall
7. ^ "Half-Life on Steam". store.steampowered.com. Valve. Retrieved 2017-01-02.
8. ^ "Half-Life 2 on Steam". store.steampowered.com. Valve. Retrieved 2017-01-02.
9. ^ Unicode Ancient Greek Numbers block.
10. ^ "Thesaurus Linguae Graecae" (PDF). Stephanus.TLG.UCI.edu.
11. ^ Read, David (July 15, 2010). "Earth Symbol". Propworx. Retrieved 2010-10-12.
12. ^ "Official Stargate Website". Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. Retrieved 2010-10-13.
13. ^ Balich, Garrett; Aschenbach, Conrad (4 May 2004). The Gasoline 4-Stroke Engine for Automobiles (PDF). Notre Dame, Indiana: Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering University of Notre Dame. p. 37. Retrieved 27 September 2016.
14. ^ http://www.unicode.org/mail-arch/unicode-ml/y2010-m06/0063.html