BMW: Difference between revisions

Bayerische Motoren Werke AG
	Chairman); Harald Krüger; (CEO)
Products	Cars; motorcycles; engines;
Production output	2,691,423 vehicles (2017)
Brands	BMW; BMW i; Mini; BMW X;
Revenue	€98.678 billion (2017)
Operating income	€10.655 billion (2017)
Net income	€8.706 billion (2017)
Total assets	€193.483 billion (2017)
Total equity	€54.548 billion (2017)
Owner	Stefan Quandt (29%); Susanne Klatten (21%); Public float (50%)
Number of employees	129,932 (2017)
Subsidiaries	List Automobiles Rolls-Royce Motor Cars; DriveNow; BMW M; Motorcycles BMW Motorrad; Sports BMW Motorsport; Automotive Design DesignworksUSA; International BMW Australia; BMW Canada; BMW Brilliance (China); BMW Egypt; BMW India; BMW Japan; BMW Korea; BMW South Africa; BMW USA; ;
Website	www.bmwgroup.com; www.bmw.com

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BMW AG (German:

automobiles and motorcycles

, and also produced aircraft engines until 1945.

The company was founded in 1916 and has its headquarters in

Quandt family are long-term shareholders of the company, with the remaining shares owned by public float

.

Automobiles are marketed under the brands BMW (with sub-brands BMW M for performance models and BMW i for plug-in electric cars), Mini and Rolls-Royce. Motorcycles are marketed under the brand BMW Motorrad.

The company has significant motorsport history, especially in

Formula 1, sports cars and the Isle of Man TT

.

History

1916–1923: Aircraft engine production

BMW's origins can be traced back to three separate German companies: Rapp Motorenwerke, Bayerische Flugzeugwerke, and Automobilwerk Eisenach. The history of the name itself begins with Rapp Motorenwerke, an aircraft engine manufacturer. In April 1917, following the departure of the founder Karl Friedrich Rapp, the company was renamed Bayerische Motoren Werke (BMW).^[3]^: 11 BMW's first product was the BMW IIIa aircraft engine. The IIIa engine was known for good fuel economy and high-altitude performance.^[4] The resulting orders for IIIa engines from the German military caused rapid expansion for BMW.

After the end of World War I in 1918, BMW was forced to cease aircraft engine production by the terms of the Versailles Armistice Treaty.^[5] To remain in business, BMW produced farm equipment, household items and railway brakes. In 1922, former major shareholder Camillo Castiglioni purchased the rights to the name BMW, which led to the company descended from Rapp Motorenwerke being renamed Süddeutsche Bremse AG (known today as Knorr-Bremse). Castiglioni was also an investor in another aircraft company, called "Bayerische Flugzeugwerke", which he renamed BMW.^[6]
The disused factory of Bayerische Flugzeugwerke was re-opened to produce engines for buses, trucks, farm equipment and pumps, under the brand name BMW. BMW's corporate history considers the founding date of Bayerische Flugzeugwerke (7 March 1916) to be the birth of the company.

1923–1939: Motorcycle and car production

As the restrictions of the Armistice Treaty began to be lifted, BMW began production of motorcycles in 1923,^[7] with the R32 model.

BMW's production of automobiles began in 1928, when the company purchased the Automobilwerk Eisenach car company. Automobilwerk Eisenach's current model was the Dixi 3/15, a licensed copy of the Austin 7 which had begun production in 1927. Following the takeover, the Dixi 3/15 became the BMW 3/15, BMW's first production car.^[8]^[9]^[10]

In 1932, the BMW 3/20 became the first BMW automobile designed entirely by BMW. It was powered by a four-cylinder engine, which BMW designed based on the Austin 7 engine.

BMW's first automotive straight-six engine was released in 1933, in the BMW 303. Throughout the 1930s, BMW expanded its model range to include sedans, coupes, convertibles and sports cars.

1939–1945: World War II

With German rearmament in the 1930s, the company again began producing aircraft engines for the

radial engines, and the pioneering BMW 003 axial-flow turbojet, which powered the tiny, 1944–1945–era jet-powered “emergency fighter”, the Heinkel He 162 Spatz. The BMW 003 jet engine was first tested as a prime power plant in the first prototype of the Messerschmitt Me 262, the Me 262 V1, but in 1942 tests the BMW prototype engines failed on takeoff with only the standby Junkers Jumo 210 nose-mounted piston engine powering it to a safe landing.^[12]^[13]

The few Me 262 A-1b test examples built used the more developed version of the 003 jet, recording an official top speed of 800 km/h (497 mph). The first-ever four-engine jet aircraft ever flown were the sixth and eighth prototypes of the

GT 101.^[14] Towards the end of the Third Reich, BMW developed some military aircraft projects for the Luftwaffe, the BMW Strahlbomber, the BMW Schnellbomber and the BMW Strahljäger, but none of them were built.^[15]^[16]

1945–1959: Post-war rebuilding

During World War II, many BMW production facilities had been heavily bombed. BMW's facilities in East Germany were seized by the Soviet Union and the remaining facilities were banned by the Allies from producing motorcycles or automobiles. During this ban, BMW used basic secondhand and salvaged equipment to make pots and pans, later expanding to other kitchen supplies and bicycles.

In 1947, BMW was granted permission to resume motorcycle production and its first post-war motorcycle - the R24 - was released in 1948. BMW was still barred from producing automobiles, however, the Bristol Aeroplane Company (BAC) was producing cars in England based on BMW's pre-war models, using plans that BAC had taken from BMW's German offices.

Production of automobiles resumed in 1952, with the

BMW 502 was BMW's first to use a V8 engine. To provide an affordable model, BMW began production of the Isetta micro-car (under license from Iso) in 1955. Two years later, the four-seat BMW 600 was based on a lengthened version of the Isetta design. In 1959, the BMW 600 was replaced by the larger BMW 700

coupe/sedan.

1959–1968: Near bankruptcy and New Class

By 1959, BMW was in debt and losing money.

American Motors and the Rootes Group had both tried to acquire BMW.^[23]

At BMW's

Daimler-Benz. The dealers and small shareholders opposed this suggestion and rallied around a counter-proposal by Dr. Friedrich Mathern, which gained enough support to stop the merger.^[18]^[23] At that time, the Quandt Group, led by half-brothers Herbert and Harald Quandt, had recently increased their holdings in BMW and had become their largest shareholder.^[23] In 1960, the development program began for a new range of models, called the "Neue Klasse" (New Class) project. The resulting New Class

four-door sedans, introduced in 1962, are credited for saving the company financially and establishing BMW's identity as a producer of leading sports sedans.

In 1965, the New Class range was expanded with the 2000 C and 2000 CS luxury coupes. The range was further expanded in 1966 with the iconic BMW 02 Series compact coupes.

BMW acquired the

Hans Glas company based in Dingolfing, Germany, in 1966. Glas vehicles were briefly badged as BMW until the company was fully absorbed. It was reputed that the acquisition was mainly to gain access to Glas’ development of the timing belt with an overhead camshaft in automotive applications,^[24] although some saw Glas’ Dingolfing plant as another incentive. However, this factory was outmoded and BMW's biggest immediate gain was, according to themselves, a stock of highly qualified engineers and other personnel.^[25] The Glas factories continued to build a limited number of their existing models, while adding the manufacture of BMW front and rear axles until they could be closer incorporated into BMW.^[26]

1968–1978: New Six, 3 Series, 5 Series, 7 Series

In 1968, BMW began production of its first straight-six engine since World War II. This engine coincided with the launch of the New Six large sedans (the predecessor to the 7 Series) and New Six CS large coupes (the predecessor to the 6 Series).

The first 5 Series range of mid-size sedans were introduced in 1972, to replace the New Class sedans. The 5 Series platform was also used for the 6 Series coupes, which were introduced in 1976. In 1975, the first model of the 3 Series range of compact sedans/coupes was introduced. The 7 Series large sedans were introduced in 1978.

1978–1989: M division

The 1978

E12 M535i. The M535i is the predecessor to the BMW M5, which was introduced in 1985 based on the E28

platform.

In 1983, BMW introduced its first diesel engine, the M21. The first all-wheel-drive BMW - the E30 325iX - began production in 1985, and in 1987 the E30 was BMW's first model produced in a wagon/estate body style.

The 1986 E32 750i was BMW's first V12 model. The E32 was also the first sedan to be available with a long-wheelbase body style (badged "iL" or "Li").

The BMW M3 was introduced in 1985, based on the E30 platform.

1989–1994: 8 Series, hatchbacks

The 8 Series range of large coupes was introduced in 1989 and in 1992 was the first application of BMW's first V8 engine in 25 years, the M60. It was also the first BMW to use a multi-link rear suspension, a design which was implemented for mass-production in 1990 E36 3 Series.

The E34 5 Series, introduced in 1988, was the first 5 Series to be produced with all-wheel drive or a wagon body style.

In 1989, the limited-production

Z Series

models.

In 1993, the BMW 3 Series Compact was BMW's first hatchback model (except for the limited production 02 Series "Touring" models). These hatchback models formed a new entry-level model range below the other 3 Series models.

In 1992, BMW acquired a large stake in California-based

DesignworksUSA

, which they fully acquired in 1995.

The 1993 McLaren F1 is powered by a BMW V12 engine.

1994–1999: Rover ownership, Z3

In 1994, BMW bought the British

Mini

, which was launched in 2001.

In 1995, the E38 725tds was the first 7 Series to use a diesel engine. The E39 5 Series was also introduced in 1995 and was the first 5 Series to use rack-and-pinion steering and a significant number of suspension parts made from lightweight aluminum.

The BMW Z3 two-seat convertible and coupe models were introduced in 1995. These were the first mass-produced models outside of the 1/3/5 Series and the first model to be solely manufactured outside Germany (in the United States, in this case).

In 1998, the E46 3 Series was introduced, with the M3 model featuring BMW's most powerful naturally aspirated engine to date.

1999–2006: SUV models, Rolls-Royce

BMW's first SUV, the

BMW X Series being introduced. The smaller BMW X3

was released in 2003.

2001 E65 7 Series was BMW's first model to use a 6-speed automatic transmission.

In 2002, the Z4 two-seat coupe/convertible replaced the Z3. In 2004, the 1 Series hatchbacks replaced the 3 Series Compact models like BMW's entry-level models.

2003

Rolls-Royce plc licensed use of the Rolls-Royce name and logo to BMW, but Vickers sold the remaining elements of Rolls-Royce Motor Cars to Volkswagen. In addition, BMW had supplied Rolls-Royce with engines since 1998 for use in the Rolls-Royce Silver Seraph

.

In 2005, BMW's first V10 engine was introduced in the E60 M5. The E60 platform is also used for the E63/E64, which reintroduced the 6 Series models after a hiatus of 14 years.

2006–2013: Shift to turbocharged engines

BMW's first mass-production turbocharged petrol engine was the six-cylinder N54, which debuted in the 2006 E92 335i. In 2011, the F30 3 Series was released, with turbocharged engines being used on all models. This shift to turbocharging and smaller engines was reflective of general automotive industry trends. The M3 model based on the F30 platform is the first M3 to use a turbocharged engine.

BMW's first turbocharged V8 engine, the BMW N63, was introduced in 2008. Despite the trend to downsizing, in 2008 BMW began production of its first turbocharged V12 engine, the BMW N74. In 2011, the F10 M5 became the first M5 model to use a turbocharged engine.

In 2007, the production rights for Husqvarna Motorcycles was purchased by BMW for a reported 93 million euros.

The BMW X6 SUV was introduced in 2008. The X6 attracted controversy for its unusual combination of coupe and SUV styling cues.

In 2009, the

BMW 5 Series Gran Turismo

fastback body style was also introduced in 2009, based on the 5 Series platform.

Controversial designer Chris Bangle announced his departure from BMW in February 2009, after serving on the design team for nearly seventeen years.^[28]

BMW's first hybrid-powered car, the F01 ActiveHybrid 7, was introduced in 2010.

2013–present: Electric/hybrid power

BMW released their first electric car, the

BMW B38

.

In 2013, the BMW 4 Series replaced the coupe and convertible models of the 3 Series. Many elements of the 4 Series remained shared with the equivalent 3 Series model. Similarly, the BMW 2 Series replaced the coupe and convertible models of the 1 Series in 2013. The 2 Series was produced in coupe (F22), five-seat MPV (F45) and seven-seat MPV (F46) body styles. The latter two body styles are the first front-wheel drive vehicles produced by BMW. The F48 X1 also includes some front-wheel-drive models.

The BMW X4 compact SUV was introduced in 2014.

The 2016 G11 740e and F30/F31 330e are the first plug-in hybrid versions of the 7 Series and 3 Series respectively.

Management

Members of the board of management are:

Harald Krüger, chairman
Milagros Caiña Carreiro-Andree, human resources
Klaus Fröhlich, development
Pieter Nota, sales and brand
Nicolas Peter, finance
Peter Schwarzenbauer, Mini, Rolls-Royce, BMW Motorrad
Andreas Wendt, purchasing and supplier network
Oliver Zipse, production

(as of 29 October 2018^[update])^[29]

Company name and logo

The name BMW is an abbreviation for Bayerische Motoren Werke (German pronunciation: [ˈbaɪ̯ʁɪʃə mɔˈtʰɔʁn̩ ˈvɛɐ̯kə] ^ⓘ). The German name is not grammatically correct, because Motorenwerke is a single word in German. The term Bayerische Motorenwerke (which has been used in several German publications and advertisements in the past^[30]^[31]) translates into English as Bavarian Motor Works, which has been used by BMW for marketing products in English-speaking countries.^[32] The suffix AG, short for Aktiengesellschaft, signifies an incorporated entity which is owned by shareholders.

The circular blue and white BMW logo or roundel evolved from the circular Rapp Motorenwerke company logo, from which the BMW company grew, combined with the blue and white colors of the flag of Bavaria.^[33] The BMW logo still used today was created in 1917, albeit with various minor styling changes.^[34]

The origin of the logo is often thought to be a portrayal of the movement of an aircraft propeller with the white blades cutting through a blue sky. However, this portrayal was first used in a BMW advertisement in 1929 – twelve years after the logo was created – so this is not the origin of the logo itself.^[35]

The terms Beemer, Bimmer and Bee-em are commonly used

Tacoma News Tribune says that it is "auto snobs" who use the terms to distinguish between cars and motorcycles.^[50]

Finances

For the fiscal year 2017, BMW reported earnings of EUR 8.620 billion, with an annual revenue of EUR 98.678 billion, an increase of 4.8% over the previous fiscal cycle.[51] BMW's shares traded at over € 77 per share, and its market capitalization was valued at US 55.3 billion in November 2018.^[52]

Year	Revenue in bn. EUR€	Net income in bn. EUR€	Total Assets in bn. EUR€	Employees
2013	76.058	5.314	138.368	110,351
2014	80.401	5.798	154.803	116,324
2015	92.175	6.369	172.174	122,244
2016	94.163	6.863	188.535	124,729
2017	98.678	8.620	193.483	129,932

Motorcycles

The R32 motorcycle, the first BMW motor vehicle.

BMW began production of motorcycle engines and then motorcycles after World War I.^[53] Its motorcycle brand is now known as BMW Motorrad. Their first successful motorcycle after the failed Helios and Flink, was the "R32" in 1923, though production originally began in 1921.^[54] This had a "boxer" twin engine, in which a cylinder projects into the air-flow from each side of the machine. Apart from their single-cylinder models (basically to the same pattern), all their motorcycles used this distinctive layout until the early 1980s. Many BMW's are still produced in this layout, which is designated the R Series.

The entire BMW Motorcycle production has, since 1969, been located at the company's Berlin-Spandau factory.

During the Second World War, BMW produced the

differential, this made the vehicle very capable off-road, an equivalent in many ways to the Jeep

.

In 1982, came the

K Series, shaft drive but water-cooled and with either three or four cylinders mounted in a straight line from front to back. Shortly after, BMW also started making the chain-driven F and G series with single and parallel twin Rotax

engines.

In the early 1990s, BMW updated the

oilhead. In 2002, the oilhead engine had two spark plugs per cylinder. In 2004 it added a built-in balance shaft, an increased capacity to 1,170 cc and enhanced performance to 100 hp (75 kW) for the R1200GS, compared to 85 hp (63 kW) of the previous R1150GS

. More powerful variants of the oilhead engines are available in the R1100S and R1200S, producing 98 and 122 hp (73 and 91 kW), respectively.

In 2004, BMW introduced the new K1200S Sports Bike which marked a departure for BMW. It had an engine producing 167 hp (125 kW), derived from the company's work with the Williams F1 team, and is lighter than previous K models. Innovations include electronically adjustable front and rear suspension, and a Hossack-type front fork that BMW calls Duolever.

BMW introduced anti-lock brakes on production motorcycles starting in the late 1980s. The generation of anti-lock brakes available on the 2006 and later BMW motorcycles pave the way for the introduction of electronic stability control, or anti-skid technology later in the 2007 model year.

BMW has been an innovator in motorcycle suspension design, taking up telescopic front suspension long before most other manufacturers. Then they switched to an

swinging arm

). Some BMWs started using yet another trademark front suspension design, the Telelever, in the early 1990s. Like the Earles fork, the Telelever significantly reduces dive under braking.

BMW Group, on 31 January 2013, announced that Pierer Industrie AG has bought Husqvarna for an undisclosed amount, which will not be revealed by either party in the future. The company is headed by Stephan Pierer (CEO of KTM). Pierer Industrie AG is 51% owner of KTM and 100% owner of Husqvarna.

Automobiles

The current model lines of BMW automobiles are:

The 1 Series (F20/F21) is the entry level to BMW's current model range. It is produced in 3-door and 5-door hatchback body styles. A 4-door sedan variant (F52) is also sold in China and Mexico.^[55]

F20 1 Series
F21 1 Series
F52 1 Series

The 2 Series (

MPVs

respectively.

F22 2 Series
F45 2 Series
F46 2 Series

The 3 Series (F30/F31/F34) range is produced in 4-door sedan, 4-door wagon (estate) and 5-door fastback ("Gran Turismo") body styles. A long-wheelbase sedan variant (F35) is also sold in China.

F30 3 Series
F31 3 Series
F34 3 Series
F35 3 Series

The 4 Series (F32/F33/F36) range is produced in 2-door coupe, 2-door convertible and 5-door fastback ("Gran Coupe") body styles.

F32 4 Series
F33 4 Series
F36 4 Series

The 5 Series (G30/G31) range is produced in sedan and wagon body styles. A long-wheelbase sedan variant (G38) is also sold in China.

G30 5 Series
G31 5 Series

The 6 Series (

F06/F12/F13

) range is produced in 2-door coupe, 2-door convertible and 4-door fastback ("Gran Coupe") body styles.

F06 6 Series
F12 6 Series
F13 6 Series

The 7 Series (G11/G12) range is produced in the 4-door sedan and long-wheelbase sedan body styles.

G11 7 Series
G12 7 Series

The X models consist of the

X7 (G07)

.

F84 X1
F39 X2
G01 X3

G02 X4
G05 X5
F16 X6
G07 X7 Concept

i models

The

series production of the BMW i3 all-electric car began in September 2013,^[58] and the market launch took place in November 2013 with the first retail deliveries in Germany.^[59] The BMW i8 sports plug-in hybrid car was launched in Germany in June 2014.^[60]

In 2014, BMW developed a prototype of

Terberg Group, one of the world's largest independent specialist vehicle suppliers.^[63]^[64]^[65]

Combined sales of the BMW i brand models reached the 50,000 unit milestone in January 2016.[66] Two years after its introduction, the BMW i3 ranked as the world's third best selling all-electric car in history.^[67] Global sales of the BMW i3 achieved the 50,000 unit milestone in July 2016.^[68]

In February 2016, BMW announced the introduction of the "iPerformance" model designation, which will be given to all BMW plug-in hybrid vehicles from July 2016. The aim is to provide a visible indicator of the transfer of technology from BMW i to the BMW core brand. The new designation will be used first on the plug-in hybrid variants of the latest BMW 7 Series.^[69] Global sales of all BMW plug-in electrified models achieved the 100,000 unit milestone in early November 2016, consisting of more than 60,000 BMW i3s, over 10,000 BMW i8s, and about 30,000 from combined sales of all BMW iPerformance plug-in hybrid models.^[70]

As of November 2016^[update], four BMW electrified models have been released, the

BMW Group’s electrified vehicles passed the 250,000 unit milestone in April 2018.^[75]

M models

BMW M4 (F82)

BMW M5 (F90)

BMW produce a number of high-performance derivatives of their cars developed by their BMW M GmbH (previously BMW Motorsport GmbH) subsidiary.

The current M models are:

M2 – F87 Coupé (2015 to present)
M3 – F80 Sedan (2013 to 2018)
M4 – F82 Coupé/F83 Convertible (2014 to present)
M5 – F90 Saloon (2017 to present)
M6 – F06 Gran Coupé (2012 to 2017)
SAV
(TBA)
SAV
(TBA)
SAV
(2014 to present)
SAV
(2014 to present)

Naming convention for models

Sometimes the model series are referred to by their German pronunciation: "Einser" ("One-er") for the 1 Series, "Dreier" ("Three-er") for the 3 Series, "Fünfer" ("Five-er") for the 5 Series, "Sechser" ("Six-er") for the 6 Series and "Siebener" ("Seven-er") for the 7 Series. These are not actually slang, but are the normal way that such letters and numbers are pronounced in German.^[76]

Motorsport

BMW has a long history of motorsport activities, including:

Touring cars, such as DTM, WTCC, ETCC and BTCC

Formula One
Endurance racing, such as
24 Hours Nürburgring, 24 Hours of Le Mans, 24 Hours of Daytona and Spa 24 Hours

Isle of Man TT
Dakar Rally
American Le Mans Series
Formula BMW – a junior racing Formula category.
Formula Two

2016 BMW M4 DTM
2016
BMW M6 GT3
2016 BMW S1000RR

Involvement in the arts

Manufacturers employ designers for their cars, but BMW has made efforts to gain recognition for exceptional contributions to and support of the arts, including art beyond motor vehicle design. These efforts typically overlap or complement BMW's marketing and branding campaigns.^[77]

Art Cars

In 1975,

3.0CSL driven by Hervé Poulain at the 24 Hours of Le Mans, which became the first in the series of BMW Art Cars. This led to more BMW Art Cars, painted by artists including Andy Warhol, Jenny Holzer, Roy Lichtenstein and others. The cars, currently numbering 17, have been shown at the Louvre, Guggenheim Museum Bilbao, Los Angeles County Museum of Art and New York's Grand Central Terminal.^[78]

1975
3.0 CSL Art Car by Alexander Calder

1979 M1 Art Car by Andy Warhol
2010 M3 GT2 Art Car by Jeff Koons

Architecture

BMW's Munich headquarters represents the cylinder head of a

4-cylinder engine. It was designed by Karl Schwanzer and was completed in 1972. The building has become a European icon^[78]

and was declared a protected historic building in 1999. The main tower consists of four vertical cylinders standing next to and across from each other. Each cylinder is divided horizontally in its center by a mold in the facade. Notably, these cylinders do not stand on the ground; they are suspended on a central support tower.

BMW Museum is a futuristic cauldron-shaped building, which was also designed by Karl Schwanzer and opened in 1972.^[79] The interior has a spiral theme and the roof is a 40-metre diameter BMW logo.

BMW's exhibition space in Munich, BMW Welt, was designed by Coop Himmelb(l)au and opened in 2007. It includes a showroom and lifting platforms where a customer's new car is theatrically unveiled to the customer.^[80]

The BMW Central Building in Leipzig was designed by Zaha Hadid.

BMW Museum interior
BMW Welt

Film

In 2001 and 2002, BMW produced a series of 8 short films called The Hire, which had plots based around BMW models being driven to extremes by Clive Owen.^[81] The directors for The Hire included Guy Ritchie, John Woo, John Frankenheimer and Ang Lee. In 2016, a ninth film in the series was released.

The 2006 "BMW Performance Series" was a marketing event geared to attract black car buyers. It included the "BMW Pop-Jazz Live Series" - a tour headlined by jazz musician Mike Phillips - and the "BMW Blackfilms.com Film Series" highlighting black filmmakers.^[82]

Visual arts

BMW was the principal sponsor of the 1998 The Art of the Motorcycle exhibition at the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum and other Guggenheim museums, though the financial relationship between BMW and the Guggenheim was criticised in many quarters.^[83]^[84]

In 2012, BMW began sponsoring Independent Collectors production of the BMW Art Guide, which is the first global guide to private and publicly accessible collections of contemporary art worldwide.^[85] The 2016 edition features 256 collections from 43 countries.

Production

BMW Headquarters in Munich, with iconic towers and museum visible in the right rear

industrial robots

BMW produces complete automobiles at its factories in Germany (

Rosslyn), and China (Shenyang). BMW also has local assembly operation using complete knock down components in Thailand, Russia, Egypt, Indonesia, Malaysia, and India (Chennai), for 3, 5, 7 series and X3.^[88]

In 2006, the BMW group (including Mini and Rolls-Royce) produced 1,366,838 four-wheeled vehicles, which were manufactured in five countries.[89] In 2010, it manufactured 1,481,253 four-wheeled vehicles and 112,271 motorcycles (under both the BMW and Husqvarna brands).^[90]

BMW Motorcycles are being produced at the company's Berlin factory, which earlier had produced aircraft engines for Siemens.

By 2011, about 56% of BMW-brand vehicles produced are powered by petrol engines and the remaining 44% are powered by diesel engines. Of those petrol vehicles, about 27% are four-cylinder models and about nine percent are eight-cylinder models.

transported by rail.^[92]

Annual production since 2005 is as follows:

Year	BMW	MINI	Rolls-Royce	Motorcycle*
2005	1,122,308	200,119	692	92,013
2006	1,179,317	186,674	847	103,759
2007	1,302,774	237,700	1,029	104,396
2008	1,203,482	235,019	1,417	118,452
2009	1,043,829	213,670	918	93,243
2010	1,236,989	241,043	3,221	112,271
2011	1,440,315	294,120	3,725	110,360
2012	1,547,057	311,490	3,279	113,811
2013	1,699,835	303,177	3,354	110,127
2014	1,838,268	322,803	4,495	133,615
2015	1,933,647	342,008	3,848	151,004
2016	2,002,997	352,580	4,179	145,555
2017	2,123,947	378,486	3,308	185,682

Major issues/recalls

In November 2016, BMW recalled 136,000 2007–2012 model year U.S. cars for fuel pump wiring problems possibly resulting in fuel leak and engine stalling or restarting issues.[93]

In May 2017, ABC News reported on an investigation, in which they found dozens of instances of parked BMW cars catching fire, including some parked in home garages.^[94]

In Fall 2017, BMW recalled roughly a million cars and SUVs for fire risk. One recall was for 672,000 3 Series cars from model years 2006-11 with climate control system electronic components at risk of overheating. The second recall was for 740,000 six-cylinder models (328i, 525i), at risk of crankcase heating short-circuit; some Series 3 cars were subject to both recalls.^[95]

In August 2018, the government of South Korea announced the ban of BMW vehicles on the country's roads after 39 of the manufacturer's cars caught fire.^[96] In response, BMW recalled 106,000 diesel vehicles in South Korea with a defective exhaust gas recirculation module, then expanded the recall to 324,000 more cars in Europe.^[97]

Sales

Vehicles sold in all markets according to BMW's annual reports.

Year	BMW	MINI	Rolls-Royce	Motorcycle*
2005	1,126,768	200,428	797	97,474
2006	1,185,089	188,077	805	100,064
2007	1,276,793	222,875	1,010	102,467
2008	1,202,239	232,425	1,212	115,196
2009	1,068,770	216,538	1,002	100,358
2010	1,224,280	234,175	2,711	110,113
2011	1,380,384	285,060	3,538	113,572
2012	1,540,085	301,525	3,575	117,109
2013	1,655,138	305,030	3,630	115,215**
2014	1,811,719	302,183	4,063	123,495
2015	1,905,234	338,466	3,785	136,963
2016	2,003,359	360,233	4,011	145,032
2017	2,088,283	371,881	3,362	164,153

* In 2008 - 2012, motorcycle productions figures include Husqvarna models.
** Excluding Husqvarna, sales volume up to 2013: 59,776 units.

In China, BMW sold 415,200 vehicles between January and November 2014, through a network of over 440 BMW stores and 100 Mini stores.^[98]

Industry collaboration

BMW has collaborated with other car manufacturers on the following occasions:

McLaren Automotive: BMW designed and produced the V12 engine that powered the McLaren F1.^[99]^[100]
Peugeot and Citroën: Joint production of four-cylinder petrol engines, beginning in 2004.^[101]
Daimler Benz: Joint venture to produce the hybrid drivetrain components used in the ActiveHybrid 7.^[102]^[103]

Toyota: Three-part agreement in 2013 to jointly develop fuel cell technology, develop a joint platform for a sports car (for the 2018 BMW Z4 (G29) and Toyota Supra) and research lithium-air batteries.^[104]^[105]^[106]
Audi and Mercedes: Joint purchase of Nokia's Here WeGo (formerly Here Maps) in 2015.^[107]

Sponsorships

In soccer (football), BMW sponsors Bundesliga club Eintracht Frankfurt.^[108]

At the

United States Olympic Committee (USOC) in July 2010.^[110]^[111]

In golf, BMW has sponsored various events,

BMW Italian Open, the BMW Masters in China^[115]^[116] and the BMW International Open in Germany.^[117]

In rugby, BMW sponsored the South Africa national rugby union team from 2011 to 2015.^[118]^[119]

Hungarian member firm is strategic sponsor of Brain Bar, a Budapest-based, annually held festival on the future.^[120]

Environmental record

BMW is a charter member of the

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA) National Environmental Achievement Track, which recognizes companies for their environmental stewardship and performance.^[121] It is also a member of the South Carolina Environmental Excellence Program.^[122]

Since 1999, BMW has been named the world's most sustainable automotive company every year by the Dow Jones Sustainability Index.[123] The BMW Group is one of three automotive companies to be featured every year in the index.^[124] In 2001, the BMW Group committed itself to the United Nations Environment Programme, the UN Global Compact and the Cleaner Production Declaration. It was also the first company in the automotive industry to appoint an environmental officer, in 1973.^[125] BMW is a member of the World Business Council for Sustainable Development.^[126]

In 2012, BMW was the highest automotive company in the Carbon Disclosure Project's Global 500 list, with a score of 99 out of 100.^[127]^[128] The BMW Group was rated the most sustainable DAX 30 company by Sustainalytics in 2012.^[129]

To reduce vehicle emissions, BMW is improving the efficiency of existing fossil-fuel powered models, while researching electric power, hybrid power and hydrogen for future models.^[130]

During the first quarter of 2018, BMW sold 26,858 Electrified Vehicles (EVs, PHEVs, & Hybrids).^[131]

Bicycles

BMW branded bicycles are sold online and through dealerships.

Bosch motor and battery.^[133]^[134]

Car-sharing services

DriveNow is a joint-venture between BMW and Sixt that was launched in Munich in June 2011, and now operates in thirteen cities around Europe. As of December 2012^[update],^[135] DriveNow operates over 1,000 vehicles, which serve five cities worldwide and over 60,000 customers.^[136]

In the United States, BMW launched the ReachNow car-sharing service in Seattle in April 2016.

Brooklyn

.

Overseas subsidiaries

Brazil

On 9 October 2014, BMW's new South American automobile plant in

F25 X3 and Mini Countryman.^[139] Cars are assembled from complete knock-down components.^[140]

Canada

BMW's first dealership in Canada, located in Ottawa, was opened in 1969.^[141] In 1986, BMW established a head office in Canada.^[142]

BMW sold 28,149 vehicles in Canada in 2008.^[143]

China

Signing a deal in 2003 for the production of sedans in China,

Brilliance Auto produces BMW-branded automobiles^[145] in a joint venture with the German company.^[146]

Egypt

Bavarian Auto Group became sole importer of the BMW and Mini brands in 2003.

At the BMW assembly plant in 6th of October City, the 3 Series, 5 Series, 7 Series, X1 and X3 are assembled from complete knock-down components.^[139]

India

BMW India was established in 2006 as a sales subsidiary in

Gurugram

.

A BMW assembly plant was opened in Chennai in 2007, assembling 3 Series, 5 Series, 7 Series, X1, X3, X5, Mini Countryman and motorcycle models from complete knock-down components.^[139]^[147]

Japan

BMW Japan Corp, a wholly owned subsidiary, imports and distributes BMW vehicles in Japan.^[148]

Mexico

In July 2014, BMW announced it was establishing a plant in Mexico, in the city and state of

San Luis Potosi involving an investment of $1 billion. The plant will employ 1,500 people, and produce 150,000 cars annually.^[149]

South Africa

BMWs have been assembled in South Africa since 1968,

Rosslyn, near Pretoria. BMW initially bought shares in the company, before fully acquiring it in 1975; in so doing, the company became BMW South Africa, the first wholly owned subsidiary of BMW to be established outside Germany. Unlike United States manufacturers, such as Ford and GM

, which divested from the country in the 1980s, BMW retained full ownership of its operations in South Africa.

Following the end of

left-hand drive

for export to Taiwan, the United States and Iran, as well as South America.

Three unique models that

E30,^[151] and the E30 BMW 325is (1989) which was powered by an Alpina

-derived 2.7-litre engine.

BMWs with a

VIN

starting with "NC0" are manufactured in South Africa.

United States

Spartanburg

, South Carolina

BMW cars have been officially sold in the United States since 1956^[152] and manufactured in the United States since 1994.^[153] The first BMW dealership in the United States opened in 1975.^[154] In 2016, BMW was the twelfth highest selling brand in the United States.^[155]

The manufacturing plant in Greer, South Carolina has the highest production of the BMW plants worldwide,^[156] currently producing approximately 1,400 vehicles per day.^[157] The models produced at the Spartanburg plant are the X3, X4, X5, X6 and X7 SUV models.

In addition to the South Carolina manufacturing facility, BMW's North American companies include sales, marketing, design, and financial services operations in the United States, Mexico, Canada and Latin America.

Hungary

On July 31, 2018, BMW announced to build 1 billion euro car factory in Hungary. The new plant, to be built near the city of Debrecen about 230 kilometers east of Budapest, will have a production capacity of 150,000 cars a year.^[158]

Marketing

Slogan

The slogan ’The Ultimate Driving Machine’ was first used in North America in 1974.^[159]^[160] In 2010, this long-lived campaign was mostly supplanted by a campaign intended to make the brand more approachable and to better appeal to women, ’Joy’. By 2012 BMW had returned to ’The Ultimate Driving Machine’.^[161]

April Fools

BMW has garnered a reputation in Britain over the years for its April Fools pranks, which are printed in the press there every year.^{[citation needed]} In 2010, they ran an advertisement in The Guardian announcing that customers would be able to order BMWs with different coloured badges to show their affiliation with the political party they supported.^[162]

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^ Bird, J and Walker, M: "BMW A Sustainable Future? ", page 11. Wild World 2005

^ Record first quarter for BMW Group sales

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ISSN 0889-3225
.

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Further reading

Grunert, Manfred; Triebe, Florian (2006), BMW Group Mobile Tradition (ed.), Das Unternehmen BMW seit 1916 (in German), München: BMW Group Mobile Tradition,
ISBN 978-3-932169-46-5

Kiles, David (2004), Driven: Inside BMW, the Most Admired Car Company in the World (in German), Wiley, p. 328,
ISBN 978-0-471-26920-5

Schrader, Halwart (2004), Typenkompass BMW (in German), Stuttgart: Motorbuch,
ISBN 3-613-02386-5

Werner, Constanze (2006), Kriegswirtschaft und Zwangsarbeit bei BMW (in German), München: Oldenbourg,
ISBN 978-3-486-57792-1
, Im Auftr. von MTU Aero Engines und BMW Group

Noakes, Andrew, BMW. Vom 328 Roadster und der Isetta bis zum 5er Gran Turismo (in German), Bath: Parragon Books,
ISBN 978-1-4075-6814-0

Schrader, Halwart (2011), BMW. Passion – Power – Perfektion. (in German), Stuttgart: Motorbuch-Verlag,
ISBN 978-3-613-03378-8

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=BMW&oldid=880777366"

[AR2017-1] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f "Annual Report 2017" (PDF). BMW Group. Retrieved 7 April 2018.

[2] "WORLD MOTOR VEHICLE PRODUCTION - OICA correspondents survey" (PDF). www.oica.net. Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 August 2017. Retrieved 19 September 2017. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[ultimate_history-3] Noakes, Andrew (2008). The Ultimate History of BMW. Parragon Publishing.

[4] "BMW Model IIIA – Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum". Nasm.si.edu. Archived from the original on 8 April 2010. Retrieved 18 April 2010. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[5] "Fliegerschule St.Gallen – history" (in German). Archived from the original on 28 May 2007. Retrieved 24 August 2008.

[6] "When was BMW founded?". BMW Education. BMW. Archived from the original on 25 April 2012. Retrieved 30 September 2012. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[7] ISBN 978-0-7603-1098-4
. Retrieved 24 August 2008.

[8] ISBN 978-0-7603-1958-1
.

[9] ISBN 978-3-8349-1254-1
.

[10] ISBN 978-0-471-26920-5
.

[11] "MUNICH-ALLACH: WORKING FOR BMW". www.ausstellung-zwangsarbeit.org. Archived from the original on 3 April 2016. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[12] ISBN 978-0-275-99355-9
.

[13] ISBN 978-3-925505-21-8
.

[14] ISBN 9781840372946
.

[15] "BMW Strahljager Project I". Nevingtonwarmuseum.weebly.com. 3 November 1944. Archived from the original on 16 June 2013. Retrieved 29 September 2013. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[16] Dan Johnson. "BMW Aircraft". Luft46.com. Archived from the original on 16 September 2013. Retrieved 29 September 2013. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[Norbye134-17] Norbye, p. 134

[Noakes57-18] Noakes, p. 57

[Norbye130-19] Norbye, p. 130

[Noakes56_67-20] Noakes, pp. 56–57

[last-21] Norbye, pp. 119–120

[Norbye119-22] Norbye, p. 119

[Norbye132-23] Norbye, p. 132

[24] Toronto Star 3 July 2004

[AU71-25] Becker, Clauspeter (1971), Logoz, Arthur (ed.), "BMW 2500/2800", Auto-Universum 1971 (in German), XIV, Zürich, Switzerland: Verlag Internationale Automobil-Parade AG: 73

[AU71.4-26] Becker, p. 74

[27] ISBN 978-981-238-856-8
.

[28] "Chris Bangle". Archived from the original on 18 April 2012. Retrieved 24 May 2012. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[29] "BMW Group - Company - Company Portrait". www.bmwgroup.com. Retrieved 29 October 2018.

[30] ISBN 9783662294888
. Verzeichnis der Abkürzungen

[31] ISBN 9783958434066
. p 7.

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[33] BMW. "The origin of the BMW logo". Archived from the original on 2 February 2013. Retrieved 29 December 2011. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

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[37] "No Toupees allowed". Bangkok Post. 2 October 2009. Retrieved 24 October 2009.^{[dead link]}

[Lighter1-38] ISBN 978-0-394-54427-4
. Beemer n. [BMW + ''er''] a BMW automobile. Also Beamer.

[Lighter2-39] ISBN 978-0-394-54427-4
. Bimmer n. Beemer.

[40] 1982 S. Black Totally Awesome 83 BMW ("Beemer").
1985 L.A. Times (13 April) V 4: Id much rather drive my Beemer than a truck.
1989 L. Roberts Full Cleveland 39: Baby boomers... in... late-model Beemers.
1990 Hull High (NBC-TV): You should ee my dad's new Beemer.
1991 Cathy (synd. cartoon strip) (21 April): Sheila... [ground] multi-grain snack chips crumbs into the back seat of my brand-new Beamer!
1992 Time (18 May) 84: Its residents tend to drive pickups or subcompacts, not Beemers or Rolles.

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[42] ISBN 978-0-7906-1316-1
. Beemer – BMW motorcycle; as opposed to Bimmer, which is a BMW automobile.

[43] Yates, Brock (12 March 1989). "You Say Porsch and I Say Porsch-eh". The Washington Post. p. w45. Archived from the original on 19 September 2014. 'Bimmer' is the slang for a BMW automobile, but 'Beemer' is right when referring to the company's motorcycles. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[44] Zesiger, Sue (26 June 2000). "Why Is BMW Driving Itself Crazy? The Rover deal was a dog, but it didn't cure BMW's desire to be a big-league carmaker—even if that means more risky tactics". Fortune Magazine. CNN. Archived from the original on 19 December 2013. Bimmers (yes, it's 'Bimmer' for cars—the often misused 'Beemer' refers only to the motorcycles). {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[45] ISBN 978-0-9754224-0-3
.

[46] "International – Readers Report. Not All BMW Owners Are Smitten". Business Week. The McGraw-Hill Companies. 30 June 2003. Archived from the original on 31 January 2012. Editor's note: Both nicknames are widely used, though Bimmer is the correct term for BMW cars, Beemer for BMW motorcycles. A Google search yields approximately 10 times as many references to Bimmer as to Beemer. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[47] ISBN 978-1-55166-884-0
. True aficionados know that the nickname Beemer actually refers to the BMW motorcycle. Bimmer is the correct nickname for the automobile

[48] Hoffmann, Peter (1998). "Hydrogen & fuel cell letter". Peter Hoffmann. For the uninitiated, a Bimmer is a BMW car, and a Beemer is a motorcycle. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)

[:1-49] English, Bob (7 April 2009). "Why wait for spring? Lease it now". The Globe and Mail. Toronto, CA: CTVglobemedia Publishing. Archived from the original on 25 July 2013. If you're a Bimmer enthusiast (not that horrible leftover 1980s yuppie abomination Beemer), you've undoubtedly read the reviews, {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[50] The Nose: FWay students knew who they were voting for in school poll [South Sound Edition]. 25 October 2002. The News Tribune, p. B01. Retrieved 6 July 2009, from ProQuest Newsstand. (Document ID: 223030831) "We're told by auto snobs that the word 'beemer' actually refers to the BMW motorcycle, and that when referring to a BMW automobile, the word's pronounced 'bimmer.'"

[51] "Unternehmensprofil". wallstreet-online.de. Retrieved 5 November 2018.

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[BMWi50K-66] Cobb, Jeff (15 February 2016). "BMW Sells its 50,000th i-Series Worldwide in January". HybridCars.com. Archived from the original on 17 February 2016. Retrieved 16 February 2016. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help) A total of 41,586 i3s and 7,197 i8s have been sold worldwide through December 2015.

[BMWi2yrs-67] "The BMW i3 turns two. Time for an interim review. In Germany the BMW i3 has been the best-selling electric car since it was launched. In the worldwide ranking it stands third" (Press release). Munich: BMW Group. 12 November 2015. Archived from the original on 17 November 2015. Retrieved 16 November 2015. {{cite press release}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[BMWi3_50K-68] Cobb, Jeff (1 August 2016). "Renault Zoe and BMW i3 Join The 50,000 Sales Club". HybridCars.com. Archived from the original on 3 August 2016. Retrieved 4 August 2016. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[Geneva2016-69] "BMW at the 86th Geneva International Motor Show 2016" (Press release). Munich: BMW Group PressClub Global. 12 February 2016. Retrieved 12 February 2016.

[BMWicars100k-70] "Three years since the market launch of BMW i. 100,000 electrified BMW on the road" (Press release). Munich: BMW Group Press Club Global. 3 November 2016. Archived from the original on 4 November 2016. Retrieved 3 November 2016. {{cite press release}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help) Three year after the market launch of the BMW i3, the BMW Group has delivered more than 100,000 purely electric-powered cars and plug-in hybrids to customers worldwide. The BMW i3 alone has reached more than 60,000 units, making it the most successful electric vehicle in the premium compact segment. The BMW i8 ranks first among electrified sports cars, with more than 10,000 delivered since the middle of 2014. Additionally, there are the approximately 30,000 iPerformance plug-in hybrids sold.

[71] BMW Group (November 2016). "Electrified by BMW i - BMW iPerformance: Plug-in hybrids with BMW i know-how". BMW.com. Archived from the original on 31 October 2016. Retrieved 3 November 2016. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

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[BMWi2016-73] "BMW Group achieves sixth consecutive all-time sales high and remains world's leading premium car company" (Press release). Munich: BMW Group Global. 9 January 2017. Archived from the original on 26 February 2017. Retrieved 25 February 2017. {{cite press release}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

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[BMWi250K-75] BMW Group
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