Storozhevoy-class destroyer
 An unidentified Storozhevoy-class destroyer in the Black Sea
| |
| Class overview | |
|---|---|
| Operators |  Soviet Navy |
| Preceded by | Gnevny class |
| Succeeded by | Ognevoy class |
| Built | 1936–1942 |
| In service | 1940–1963 |
| Completed | 18 |
| Lost | 9 |
| Retired | 9 |
| General characteristics (Storozhevoy as completed, 1941) | |
| Type | Destroyer |
| Displacement |
|
| Length | 112.5 m (369 ft 1 in) ( o/a ) |
| Beam | 10.2 m (33 ft 6 in) |
| Draft | 3.98 m (13 ft 1 in) |
| Installed power |
|
| Propulsion | 2 shafts, 2 steam turbine sets |
| Speed | 40.3 knots (74.6 km/h; 46.4 mph) (trials) |
| Endurance | 2,700 nmi (5,000 km; 3,100 mi) at 19 knots (35 km/h; 22 mph) |
| Complement | 207 (271 wartime) |
| Sensors and processing systems | Mars hydrophones |
| Armament |
|
The Storozhevoy class were a group of 18
Background and description
Naval historians Yakubov and Worth state that the change to unit machinery was due to an incident when the British destroyer HMS Hunter was stopped due to machinery damage by a mine during neutrality patrols in the Spanish Civil War. The incident was reported at a meeting where Joseph Stalin was present and he ordered that the ships be redesigned with unit machinery so that a ship could still move if one of the two boiler or engine rooms were incapacitated. This change in design saved Slavny following mine damage in 1941, but led to a considerable delay in the Soviet destroyer program and the cancellation of six Type 7 ships. Fitting the additional machinery in the same hull presented significant challenges, leading to an increase in weight, cramped accommodation and a reduction in fuel capacity. These changes led Soviet sailors to nickname the Type 7U, 7 Ukhudshennyi (ухудшенный, made worse).
The Storozhevoys had an
The ships were powered by two geared steam turbine sets, each driving a single three-bladed 2.9-meter (9 ft 6 in) propeller using steam provided by four water-tube boilers that operated at a pressure of 26.5 kg/cm2 (2,599 kPa; 377 psi) and a temperature of 350 °C (662 °F).[2] The turbines, rated at 54,000 shp (40,000 kW), were intended to give the ships a speed of 38 knots (70 km/h; 44 mph). The designers had been conservative in rating the turbines and many, but not all, of the ships handily exceeded their designed speed during their sea trials. Storozhevoy reached 40.3 knots (74.6 km/h; 46.4 mph) during her trials in 1941, but Soobrazitelny only managed 36.8 knots (68.2 km/h; 42.3 mph). Variations in fuel oil capacity meant that the range of the Storozhevoys varied between 1,380 and 2,700 nautical miles (2,560 and 5,000 km; 1,590 and 3,110 mi) at 19 knots (35 km/h; 22 mph).[3]
Armament and fire control
As built, the Storozhevoy-class ships mounted four 50-caliber 130-millimeter (5.1 in) B-13 guns in two pairs of superfiring single mounts fore and aft of the superstructure. Each gun was provided with 150 rounds. The development of the gun was troubled by excessive barrel erosion problems and three variants were built in a not entirely successful effort to resolve the problem which complicated logistical and operational support as each performed slightly differently. The manually operated mounts had an elevation range between -5° and +45° and had a rate of fire of 6–10 rounds per minute. They fired a 33.4-kilogram (74 lb) shell at a muzzle velocity of 870 m/s (2,900 ft/s), which gave them a range of 25,597 meters (27,993 yd).[4]
The ships were equipped with six 533 mm (21.0 in)
Fire control for the
Modifications
Later in the war electronic equipment such as radar and sonar were supplied by the Allies for these ships.
Ships
All of the ships of the class were originally begun as Type 7 destroyers and their partially completed hulls were broken up and relaid down as Type 7Us. Those ships shown with two shipyards were begun at the first and were then towed to the second one for completion.[9]
| Ship | Builder[10] | Laid down[10]
|
Launched[10] | Commissioned[10] | Fate[11] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baltic Fleet | |||||
| Storozhevoy (Сторожевой (Protective)) | Leningrad
|
26 August 1936 31 January 1938 |
2 October 1938 | 6 October 1940 | Scrapped, 1958–1959 |
| Silny (Сильный (Strong)) | 26 October 1936 31 January 1938 |
1 November 1938 | 31 October 1940 | Scrapped, 21 January 1960 | |
| Serdity (Сердитый (Enraged)) | 25 October 1936 15 October 1938 |
21 April 1939 | 15 October 1940 | Sunk, 19 July 1941 | |
| Slavny (Славный (Glorious)) | Shipyard No. 189 (Ordzhonikidze), Leningrad | 31 August 1936 31 January 1939 |
19 August 1939 | 31 May 1941 | Scrapped, 1964 |
| Smely (Смелый (Valiant)) | 26 October 1936 31 March 1938 |
30 April 1939 | Scuttled, 27 July 1941 | ||
| Stoyky (Стойкий (Steadfast)) | 26 August 1936 31 March 1938 |
26 December 1938 | 18 October 1940 | Sank in a storm, 2 July 1960 | |
| Strashny (Страшный (Frightening)) | Shipyard No. 190 (Zhdanov), Leningrad | 26 August 1936 31 March 1938 |
8 April 1939 | 22 June 1941 | Scrapped, 12 January 1960 |
| Surovy (Суровый (Severe)) | 27 October 1936 1 February 1939 |
5 August 1939 | 31 May 1941 | Scuttled, 13 November 1941 | |
| Skory (Скорый (Rapid)) | 29 November 1936 23 October 1938 |
24 July 1939 | 18 July 1941 | Sunk by naval mine, 28 August 1941 | |
| Statny (Статный (Stately)) | 29 November 1936 29 December 1938 |
24 November 1939 | 9 July 1941 | Sank in a storm, 23 August 1941 | |
| Strogy (Строгий (Strict)) | 26 October 1936 26 October 1938 |
31 December 1939 | 22 September 1941 | Scrapped, 26 June 1964 | |
| Stroyny (Стройный (Slim)) | 26 August 1936 29 December 1938 |
29 April 1939 | Scrapped, 1965–1966 | ||
| Svirepy (Свирепый (Fierce)) | 29 November 1936 30 December 1938 |
28 August 1939 | 22 June 1941 | Scrapped, 28 January 1958 | |
| Black Sea Fleet | |||||
| Smyshlyony (Смышлёный (Clever)) | Shipyard No. 200 (61 Communards), Nikolayev | 15 October 1936 27 June 1938 |
26 August 1939 | 10 November 1940 | Sunk by mines, 8 March 1942 |
| Soobrazitelny (Сообразительный (Shrewd)) | 15 October 1936 3 March 1939 |
7 June 1941 | Scrapped, 1966 | ||
| Sposobny (Способный (Capable)) | 7 July 1936 7 March 1939 |
30 September 1939 | 24 June 1941 | Sunk by aircraft, 6 October 1943 | |
| Sovershenny (Совершенный (Absolute)) | Shipyard No. 200 (61 Communards), Nikolayev Shipyard No. 201 (Ordzhonikidze), Sevastopol |
17 September 1936 1938 |
25 February 1939 | 30 September 1941 | Sunk by aircraft, 8 June 1942 |
| Svobodny (Свободный (Free)) | 23 August 1936 1938 |
2 January 1942 | Sunk by aircraft, 10 June 1942 | ||
Service history
Black Sea Fleet
The first two Project 7U destroyers completed by the Black Sea shipyards, Smyshlyony and Soobrazitelny, joined the 3rd Destroyer Division, led by destroyer leaders
Citations
- ^ Yakubov & Worth, p. 101
- ^ Platonov, pp. 205–206
- ^ Yakubov & Worth, pp. 101, 106–107
- ^ Yakubov & Worth, pp. 101, 103–104
- ^ Hill, p. 40
- ^ Yakubov & Worth, pp. 101, 104
- ^ Yakubov & Worth, pp. 101, 105–106
- ^ Yakubov & Worth, pp. 104–105
- ^ Rohwer & Monakov, p. 234; Yakubov & Worth, p. 102
- ^ a b c d Rohwer & Monakov, pp. 234–235
- ^ Yakubov & Worth, pp. 112–114
- ^ Khorkov, p. 24
- ^ Kachur, pp. 73–75, 78
- ^ a b Balakin, p. 82
- ^ Balakin, pp. 108–109, 112, 122
References
- Balakin, Sergey (2007). Легендарные "семёрки" Эсминцы "сталинской" серии [Legendary Sevens: Stalin's Destroyer Series] (in Russian). Moscow: Yauza/Eksmo. ISBN 978-5-699-23784-5.
- Berezhnoy, Sergey (2002). Крейсера и миноносцы. Справочник [Guide to Cruisers and Destroyers] (in Russian). Moscow: Voenizdat. ISBN 978-5-203-01780-2.
- Hill, Alexander (2018). Soviet Destroyers of World War II. New Vanguard. Vol. 256. Oxford, UK: Osprey Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4728-2256-7.
- Kachur, Pavel (2008). "Гончие псы" Красного флота. "Ташкент", "Баку", "Ленинград" [Hounds of the Red Fleet: Tashkent, Baku, Leningrad] (in Russian). Moscow: Yauza/Eksmo. ISBN 978-5-699-31614-4.
- Khorkov, Geliy (1981). Советские надводные корабли в Великой Отечественной войне [Soviet Surface Ships in the Great Patriotic War] (in Russian). Moscow: Voenizdat. OCLC 10593895.
- Platonov, Andrey V. (2002). Энциклопедия советских надводных кораблей 1941–1945 [Encyclopedia of Soviet Surface Ships 1941–1945] (in Russian). Saint Petersburg: Poligon. ISBN 5-89173-178-9.
- ISBN 978-1-59114-119-8.
- Rohwer, Jürgen & Monakov, Mikhail S. (2001). Stalin's Ocean-Going Fleet: Soviet Naval Strategy and Shipbuilding Programs 1935–1953. London: Frank Cass. ISBN 0-7146-4895-7.
- Yakubov, Vladimir & Worth, Richard (2008). "The Soviet Project 7/7U Destroyers". In Jordan, John & Dent, Stephen (eds.). Warship 2008. London: Conway. pp. 99–114. ISBN 978-1-84486-062-3.
Further reading
- Budzbon, Przemysaw (1980). "Soviet Union". In Chesneau, Roger (ed.). Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1922–1946. Greenwich, UK: Conway Maritime Press. pp. 318–346. ISBN 978-0-85177-146-5.
External links
- [1] (in Russian)