Svetlana-class cruiser
 Krasny Krym at anchor in 1943
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| Class overview | |
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| Name | Svetlana class |
| Builders | |
| Operators |  Soviet Navy |
| Preceded by | Muraviev Amurski class |
| Succeeded by | Admiral Nakhimov class |
| Cost | 8,300,000 rubles |
| Built | 1913–28 |
| In commission | 1928–58 |
| Planned | 4 |
| Completed | 3 (1 completed as a cruiser) |
| Cancelled | 1 |
| Lost | 1 |
| Scrapped | 2 |
| General characteristics (as designed) | |
| Type | Light cruiser |
| Displacement | 6,860 t (6,750 long tons) (standard) |
| Length | 158.4 m (519 ft 8 in) |
| Beam | 15.3 m (50 ft 2 in) |
| Draught | 5.56 m (18 ft 3 in) |
| Installed power |
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| Propulsion | 4 × shafts; 4 × direct-drive steam turbines |
| Speed | 29.5 knots (54.6 km/h; 33.9 mph) |
| Complement | 630 |
| Armament |
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| Armor |
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The Svetlana-class cruiser was the first
class of light cruisers built for the Imperial Russian Navy (IRN) during the 1910s. Construction was interrupted by World War I, the Russian Revolution and the Russian Civil War. Only Svetlana of the quartet was completed by the Soviet Union as a cruiser, two were converted to oil tankers, and the remaining ship was scrapped
without being completed.
Svetlana, now renamed Profintern, became fully operational in 1928 and was transferred to the
decommissioned
in 1958 and broken up two years later.
Background and design
The
dreadnought battleships, but the IRN lacked modern cruisers and destroyers. Several years after the first Gangut-class battleships were ordered, the navy finally gained approval for four light cruisers as part of the 1912–1916 shipbuilding program to scout for the capital ships and to lead destroyer flotillas. Design work for the ships had begun as back as 1907, but it took the IRN several iterations between alternating specifications and designs to decide what was feasible. In early 1912 it conducted a design contest for a 4,100–5,100-metric-ton (4,000–5,000-long-ton) ship armed with a dozen 55-caliber 130-millimeter (5.1 in) Pattern 1913 guns, capable of a speed of 30 knots (56 km/h; 35 mph), and protected by some side armor. Other important requirements were a strong resemblance to the dreadnoughts under construction and the ability to lay mines. None of the submissions were entirely satisfactory, and the shipyards were asked for new, larger, designs. The navy combined the submissions from the Russo-Baltic and Putilov Shipyards for a 6,700-metric-ton (6,600-long-ton) design in November. In February 1913, the IRN needed to divert some money from the cruisers to pay for the Borodino-class battlecruisers and the shipyards agreed to reduce the price from 9,660,000 rubles, excluding guns and armor, to 8,300,000 rubles in exchange for reducing the speed to 29.5 knots (54.6 km/h; 33.9 mph); the navy then ordered two ships from each yard on 13 February. Late changes to the design, including the addition of Frahm anti-roll tanks and provision for a seaplane, added several hundred extra tons to the displacement.[1]
The Svetlana-class ships had an
kW), which would propel the ship at 29.5 knots; those for Svetlana and Admiral Greig were ordered from AG Vulcan Stettin in Germany (Admiral Greig subcontracted to Blohm+Voss). These were not delivered owing to the outbreak of World War I, and those intended for Svetlana were used to engine the German Brummer-class cruisers. As a result, new engines had to be ordered from the UK; this delayed Svetlana, and probably prevented Greig's completion as a cruiser.[4] The ships carried 1,167 long tons (1,186 t) of fuel oil. Their crew consisted of approximately 630 officers and crewmen.[2]
The increase in size of the Svetlanas during the design process allowed their main armament to be increased from 12 to 15 Pattern 1913 guns in single mounts. Six of the 10 guns on the main
anti-aircraft (AA) guns, although their maximum elevation was limited to +75°,[8] two submerged 450 mm (17.7 in) torpedo tubes and could carry 100 mines. During construction, Svetlana's AA guns were replaced by 30-caliber 76.2-millimetre (3.00 in) Lender AA guns and the rest of the ships were intended to receive 102-millimetre (4.0 in) AA guns.[2]
The waterline belt of the Svetlana-class ships was 76 millimeters thick. It extended the whole length of the hull and covered from the lower deck to 0.91 meters (3 ft) below the waterline. Above it was a 25-millimeter (0.98 in) strake of armor that covered the area between the lower and main decks. Those decks were each 20 millimeters (0.79 in) thick and the funnel uptakes were protected by 25 millimeters of armor. The walls of the conning tower were 76 millimeters thick while the gun shields protecting the 130-millimeter guns were 25 millimeters thick.[2]
Ships
| Name | Russian | Builder[9] | Laid down[9]
|
Launched[9] | Commissioned[9] | Fate |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Krasny Krym (ex-Svetlana, ex-Profintern) |
Красный Крым, Светлана, Профинтерн | Russo-Baltic Shipyard, Reval (now Tallinn), Estonia | 7 December 1913 | 27 November 1915 | 1 July 1928 | Scrapped, July 1959 |
| SS Azneft (ex-Admiral Greig) |
Адмирал Грейг | 7 November 1913 | 9 December 1916 | 24 December 1926 | ||
| Admiral Butakov | Адмирал Бутаков | Putilov Shipyard, Saint Petersburg | 29 November 1913 | 5 August 1916 | Scrapped incomplete | |
| SS Grozneft (ex-Admiral Spiridov) |
Адмирал Спиридов | 9 September 1916 | 24 December 1926 |
Service
Svetlana and her sister ships were evacuated to
Siege of Odessa, the Siege of Sevastopol, and the Kerch-Feodosiya Operation in the winter of 1941–1942. The ship was reclassified as a training ship in 1945 and was decommissioned in 1958 before being scrapped in 1960.[13]
Admiral Spiridov and Admiral Greig were converted into diesel-powered oil tankers during the 1920s and were renamed Grozneft and Azneft respectively. They were subsequently transferred to the
Neva River at Saint Petersburg before being broken up in 1952.[14]
Notes
- ^ Westwood, pp. 89–91
- ^ a b c d Gardiner & Grey, p. 305
- ^ Dodson and Nottelmann, p. 190
- ^ Dodson & Nottelmann, p. 190–91
- ^ Meister, pp. 34–35
- ^ Friedman, p. 262
- ^ Campbell, p. 361
- ^ Friedman, pp. 264
- ^ a b c d Watts, p. 103
- ^ a b Budzbon 1985, p. 306
- ^ Breyer, pp. 117, 165
- ^ Breyer, p. 165
- ^ Budzbon 1980, p. 326
- ^ a b Meister, p. 31
References
- Breyer, Siegfried (1992). Soviet Warship Development: Volume 1: 1917-1937. London: Conway Maritime Press. ISBN 0-85177-604-3.
- Budzbon, Przemysław (1985). "Russia". In Gray, Randal (ed.). Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1906–1921. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. pp. 291–325. ISBN 0-85177-245-5.
- Budzbon, Przemysław (1980). "Soviet Union". In Chesneau, Roger (ed.). Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1922–1946. Greenwich, UK: Conway Maritime Press. pp. 318–346. ISBN 0-85177-146-7.
- Budzbon, Przemysław; Radziemski, Jan & Twardowski, Marek (2022). Warships of the Soviet Fleets 1939–1945. Vol. I: Major Combatants. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 978-1-68247-877-6.
- Campbell, John (1985). Naval Weapons of World War II. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 0-87021-459-4.
- ISBN 978-1-68247-745-8.
- ISBN 978-1-84832-100-7.
- Hill, Alexander (2024). Soviet Cruisers 1917-1945: From the October Revolution to World War II. New Vanguard. Vol. 326. Oxford, UK: Osprey Publishing. ISBN 9781472859334.
- Meister, Jürg (1979). Soviet Warships of the Second World War. London: Macdonald and Jane's. OCLC 462208059.
- "Warship to Merchant Ship, No. 1: The Russian Svetlana Class Cruisers Admiral Spiridov and Admiral Greig". Marine News Supplement. 75 (2: Warship (201)). London: World Ship Society: 115–118. February 2021. ISSN 0966-6958.
- Watts, Anthony J. (1990). The Imperial Russian Navy. London: Arms and Armour. ISBN 0-85368-912-1.
- Westwood, J. N. (1994). Russian Naval Construction, 1905–45. Basingstoke, UK: Macmillan. ISBN 978-1-349-12460-2.
 Imperial Russian Navy |
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| Soviet Navy |
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