Tetraclinis
Tetraclinis | |
---|---|
Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
Clade: | Tracheophytes |
Clade: | Gymnospermae |
Division: | Pinophyta |
Class: | Pinopsida |
Order: | Cupressales
|
Family: | Cupressaceae |
Subfamily: | Cupressoideae
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Genus: | Tetraclinis Mast. |
Species: | T. articulata
|
Binomial name | |
Tetraclinis articulata (
Vahl) Mast. | |
Natural range | |
Synonyms | |
|
Tetraclinis (also called arar,
Distribution and habitat
It is native to northwestern Africa in the Atlas Mountains of Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia, with two small outlying populations on Malta, and near Cartagena in southeast Spain in Europe. It grows at relatively low altitudes in a hot, dry subtropical Mediterranean climate.[7]
Taxonomy
Its closest relatives are
Description
It is a small, slow-growing tree, to 6–15 m (rarely 20 m) tall and 0.5 m (rarely 1 m) trunk diameter, often with two or more trunks from the base. The foliage forms in open sprays with scale-like leaves 1–8 mm long and 1–1.5 mm broad; the leaves are arranged in opposite decussate pairs, with the successive pairs closely then distantly spaced, so forming apparent whorls of four. The cones are 10–15 mm long, green ripening brown in about 8 months from pollination, and have four thick scales arranged in two opposite pairs. The seeds are 5–7 mm long and 2 mm broad, with a 3–4 mm broad papery wing on each side.[7][8]
It is one of only a small number of conifers able to
Uses and symbolism
It is the
The resin, known as sandarac, is used to make varnish and lacquer; it is particularly valued for preserving paintings.
The
Cultivation
The species is cultivated to be grown as an
specimens.Fossil record
A related
Gallery
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Tetraclinis articulata in the mountains of Cartagena, Spain
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A cup made of root burl wood from the Essaouira area of Morocco
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Illustration from Koehler's Medicinal-Plants (1887)
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Tetraclinis articulata
References
- . Retrieved 19 November 2021.
- ^ "Tetraclinis articulata". The Gymnosperm Database. Retrieved 2011-02-13.
- ^ but it is ambiguous Arabic name also given to Juniperus phoenicea
- ^ a b Memidex: sandarac (wood) Retrieved 2012-05-16
- ^ Collins: sandarac and sandarac tree Retrieved 2012-05-16
- ^ Jacques Blondel & James Aronson: Biology and Wildlife of the Mediterranean Region, Oxford University Press 1999 Retrieved 2012-05-16
- ^ ISBN 1-84246-068-4
- ^ ISBN 0-00-220013-9.
- ^ Arc-genesis: Thuya Wood Archived 2011-08-08 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 2012-05-16
- ^ "Definition of ALERCE".
- .
- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2009). "θύον". Etymological Dictionary of Greek. Brill. p. 565.
- ^ de Vaan, Michiel (2008). "citrus". Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages. Brill. p. 116.
- ^ Lewis & Short. "citrus". A Latin Dictionary – via Logeion.
- ^ Palaeoenvironmental analysis of the Messinian macrofossil floras of Tossignano and Monte Tondo (Vena del Gesso Basin, Romagna Apennines, northern Italy) - Vasilis Teodoridis, Zlatko Kvacek, Marco Sami and Edoardo Martinetto - December 2015 DOI: 10.14446/AMNP.2015.249.