Texas Instruments
32°54′40″N 96°45′08″W / 32.9110°N 96.7523°W
Embedded processors | |
Revenue | US$17.52 billion (2023) |
---|---|
US$7.33 billion (2023) | |
US$6.51 billion (2023) | |
Total assets | US$32.35 billion (2023) |
Total equity | US$16.90 billion (2023) |
Number of employees | 34,000 (2023) |
Website | ti |
Footnotes / references [4] |
Texas Instruments Incorporated (TI) is an American
Texas Instruments emerged in 1951 after a reorganization of
In 1987, TI invented the
History
Texas Instruments was founded by
Texas Instruments exists to create, make, and market useful products and services to satisfy the needs of its customers throughout the world.[18]
— Patrick Haggerty, Texas Instruments Statement of Purpose
Geophysical Service Incorporated
In 1930, J. Clarence Karcher and Eugene McDermott founded Geophysical Service, an early provider of seismic exploration services to the petroleum industry. In 1939, the company reorganized as Coronado Corp,[19] an oil company with Geophysical Service Inc (GSI), now as a subsidiary. On December 6, 1941, McDermott along with three other GSI employees, J. Erik Jonsson, Cecil H. Green, and H. B. Peacock purchased GSI. During World War II, GSI expanded its services to include electronics for the U.S. Army, Army Signal Corps, and U.S. Navy. In 1951, the company changed its name to Texas Instruments, spun off to build seismographs for oil explorations[20] and with GSI becoming a wholly owned subsidiary of the new company.
An early success came for TI-GSI in 1965, when GSI was able (under a
Texas Instruments also continued to manufacture equipment for use in the seismic industry, and GSI continued to provide seismic services. After selling (and repurchasing) GSI, TI finally sold the company to Halliburton in 1988, after which sale GSI ceased to exist as a separate entity.
Semiconductors
In early 1952, Texas Instruments purchased a patent license to produce germanium transistors from
Among his new hires was
First silicon transistor and integrated circuits
In January 1954, Morris Tanenbaum at Bell Telephone Laboratories created the first workable silicon transistor.[23] This work was reported in the spring of 1954, at the IRE off-the-record conference on solid-state devices, and was later published in the Journal of Applied Physics. Working independently in April 1954, Gordon Teal at TI created the first commercial silicon transistor and tested it on April 14, 1954. On May 10, 1954, at the Institute of Radio Engineers National Conference on Airborne Electronics in Dayton, Ohio, Teal presented a paper: "Some Recent Developments in Silicon and Germanium Materials and Devices".[25]
In 1954, Texas Instruments designed and manufactured the first transistor radio. The Regency TR-1 used germanium transistors, as silicon transistors were much more expensive at the time. This was an effort by Haggerty to increase market demand for transistors.
Jack Kilby, an employee at TI, invented the integrated circuit in 1958.[26] Kilby recorded his initial ideas concerning the integrated circuit in July 1958, and successfully demonstrated the world's first working integrated circuit on September 12, 1958.[27] Six months later, Robert Noyce of Fairchild Semiconductor (who went on to co-found Intel) independently developed the integrated circuit with integrated interconnect, and is also considered an inventor of the integrated circuit.[28] In 1969, Kilby was awarded the National Medal of Science, and in 1982 he was inducted into the National Inventor's Hall of Fame.[29] Kilby also won the 2000 Nobel Prize in Physics for his part of the invention of the integrated circuit.[30] Noyce's chip, made at Fairchild, was made of silicon, while Kilby's chip was made of germanium. In 2008, TI named its new development laboratory "Kilby Labs" after Jack Kilby.[31]
In 2011, Intel, Samsung, LG, ST-Ericsson, Huawei's HiSilicon Technologies subsidiary, Via Telecom, and three other undisclosed chipmakers licensed the C2C link specification developed by Arteris Inc. and Texas Instruments.[32]
Standard TTL
The
Microprocessor
Texas Instruments invented the hand-held
First speech synthesis chip
In 1978, Texas Instruments introduced the first single-chip
Consumer electronics and computers
In May 1954, Texas Instruments designed and built a prototype of the world's first transistor radio, and, through a partnership with Industrial Development Engineering Associates of Indianapolis, Indiana, the 100% solid-state radio was sold to the public beginning in October of that year.[40]
In the 1960s, company president Pat Haggerty had a team that included Jack Kilby to work on a handheld calculator project. Kilby and two other colleagues created the Cal-Tech, a three-pound battery-powered calculator that could do basic math and fit six-digit numbers on its display. This 4.25 x 6.15 x 1.75 inch calculator's processor would originate the vast majority of Texas Instruments’ revenue.[20]
In 1973, the handheld calculator SR-10 (named after slide rule) and in 1974, the handheld scientific calculator SR-50 were issued by TI. Both had red LED-segments numeric displays. The optical design of the SR-50 is somewhat similar to the HP-35 edited by Hewlett-Packard before in early 1972, but buttons for the operations "+", "–", ... are in the right of the number block and the decimal point lies between two neighboring digits.
TI continued to be active in the consumer electronics market through the 1970s and 1980s. Early on, this also included two digital clock models – one for desk and the other a bedside alarm. From this sprang what became the Time Products Division, which made LED watches. Though these LED watches enjoyed early commercial success due to excellent quality, it was short-lived due to poor battery life. LEDs were replaced with LCD watches for a short time, but these could not compete because of styling issues, excessive makes and models, and price points. The watches were manufactured in Dallas and then Lubbock, Texas. Several spin-offs of the Speak & Spell, such as the Speak & Read and Speak & Math, were introduced soon thereafter.[41]
In 1979, TI entered the
Defense electronics
TI entered the
During the early 1980s, TI instituted a quality program which included
Infrared and radar systems
TI developed the AAA-4
In 1956, TI began research on
TI went on to produce side-looking radar systems, the first
Missiles and laser-guided bombs
In 1961, TI won the guidance and control system contract for the defense suppression
In 1964, TI began development of the first laser guidance system for precision-guided munitions, leading to the Paveway series of laser-guided bombs (LGBs). The first LGB was the BOLT-117.[53]
In 1969, TI won the Harpoon (missile) Seeker contract. In 1986, TI won the Army FGM-148 Javelin fire-and-forget man portable antitank guided missile in a joint venture with Martin Marietta. In 1991, TI was awarded the contract for the AGM-154 Joint Standoff Weapon.[54]
In 1988, TI paid the U.S. government $5.2 million "to settle allegations one of its divisions overcharged the government on contracts for guided missiles sold to the Navy".[55]
Military computers
Because of TI's research and development of military temperature-range silicon transistors and integrated circuits (ICs), TI won contracts for the first IC-based computer for the U.S. Air Force in 1961 (molecular electronic computer)
Divestiture to Raytheon
As the defense industry consolidated, TI sold its defense business to the
Shortly after Raytheon acquired TI DSEG, Raytheon then acquired
Immediately after acquisition, DSEG was known as Raytheon TI Systems (RTIS).[61] It is now fully integrated into Raytheon and this designation no longer exists.
Artificial intelligence
TI was active in the area of
Sensors and controls
TI was a major
By the mid-1980s, industrial computers known as PLC's (programmable logic controllers) were separated from Sensors & Controls as the Industrial Systems Division, which was sold in the early 1990s to Siemens.
In 2006,
Software
In 1997, TI sold its software division, along with its main products such as the
TI.com
In 2000, Texas Instruments first implemented an e-commerce platform on TI.com as a way to sell its Code Composer Studio software tool directly to customers. With TI.com, purchase managers and design engineers have access to TI products that are immediately available for shipping. The platform has grown to include tens of thousands of TI analog and embedded processing products. In 2020, TI added several features, including full and custom quantity reels, multiple payment options, lines of credit, and flat-rate shipping.
Restatement
On August 6, 1999, TI announced the restatement of its results for parts of 1998 and the first quarter of 1999 after a review by the
Finances
For the fiscal year 2017, Texas Instruments reported earnings of $3.682 billion, with an annual revenue of $14.961 billion, an increase of 11.9% over the previous fiscal cycle. TI shares traded at over $82 per share, and its market capitalization was valued at over $88.0 billion in October 2018.[68] As of 2018, TI ranked 192nd on the Fortune 500 list of the largest United States corporations by revenue.[69]
Year | Revenue in mil. US$ |
Net income in mil. US$ |
Total assets in mil. US$ |
Price per share in US$ |
Employees |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
2005 | 12,335 | 2,324 | 15,063 | 21.97 | |
2006 | 14,255 | 4,341 | 13,930 | 23.98 | |
2007 | 13,835 | 2,657 | 12,667 | 26.01 | 30,175 |
2008 | 12,501 | 1,920 | 11,923 | 19.85 | 29,537 |
2009 | 10,427 | 1,456 | 12,119 | 16.66 | 26,584 |
2010 | 13,966 | 3,184 | 13,401 | 21.60 | 28,412 |
2011 | 13,735 | 2,201 | 20,497 | 26.37 | 34,759 |
2012 | 12,825 | 1,728 | 20,021 | 25.57 | 34,151 |
2013 | 12,205 | 2,125 | 18,938 | 32.90 | 32,209 |
2014 | 13,045 | 2,777 | 17,372 | 42.61 | 31,003 |
2015 | 13,000 | 2,986 | 16,230 | 49.79 | 29,977 |
2016 | 13,370 | 3,595 | 16,431 | 59.83 | 29,865 |
2017 | 14,961 | 3,682 | 17,642 | 82.03 | 29,714 |
2018 | 15,784 | 5,580 | 17,137 | 90.46 | 29,888 |
2019 | 14,383 | 5,017 | 18,018 | 123.32 | 29,768 |
2020 | 14,461 | 5,595 | 19,351 | 162.70 | 30,000 |
2021 | 18,344 | 7,769 | 24,676 | 189.41 | 31,000 |
2022 | 20,028 | 8,749 | 27,207 | 165.22 | 33,000 |
2023 | 17,519 | 6,510 | 32,348 | 34,000 |
Divisions
Today, TI is made up of four divisions:
As of January 2021, the industrial market accounts for 41 percent of the company's annual revenue while the automotive market accounts for 21 percent.[16]
Other businesses
TI's remaining businesses consisting of DLP products (primarily used in projectors to create high-definition images), calculators and certain custom semiconductors known as application-specific integrated circuits.
DLP Products
DLP is a trademark under which Texas Instruments sells technology regarding TVs, video projectors, and digital cinema. On February 2, 2000, Philippe Binant, technical manager of Digital Cinema Project at Gaumont in France, realized the first digital cinema projection in Europe with the DLP CINEMA technology developed by TI DLP technology enables a diverse range of display and advanced light control applications spanning industrial, enterprise, automotive, and consumer market segments.
- Custom application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs)
The ASICs business develops more complex integrated-circuit solutions for clients on a custom basis.
Educational technology
TI has produced educational toys for children, including the Little Professor in 1976 and Dataman in 1977.[71][72]
TI produces a range of calculators, with the
Many TI calculators are still sold without graphing capabilities.[73] The TI-30 has been replaced by the TI-30X IIS. Also, some financial calculators are for sale on the TI website.
In 2007, TI released the
Less than 3% of Texas Instruments’ overall revenue comes from calculators, part of the $1.43 billion revenue in the "Other" section in the company's 2018 annual report. Nevertheless, the calculators are a lucrative product. For example, estimates have a $15 to $20 cost to produce TI-84 Plus which likely has a profit margin of at least 50%.
Throughout the 1980s, Texas Instruments worked closely with National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (NCTM) to develop a calculator to become the educational standard. In 1986, Connecticut School Board became the first to require a graphing calculator on state-mandated exams. Chicago Public Schools gave a free calculator to every student, beginning in the fourth grade, in 1988. New York required the calculator in 1992 for its Regents exams after first allowing it the previous year. The College Board required calculators on the Advanced Placement tests in 1993 and allowed calculators on the SAT a year later. Texas Instruments provides free services to the College Board, which administers AP tests and the SAT, and also has a group called Teachers Teaching for Technology (T3), which educates teachers on how to use its calculators.[20]
TI calculator community
In the 1990s, with the advent of TI's graphing calculator series, programming became popular among some students. The TI-8x series of calculators (beginning with the TI-81) came with a built-in
The TI community reached the height of its popularity in the early 2000s, with many new websites and programming groups being started. In fact, the aforementioned community sites were exploding with activity, with close to 100 programs being uploaded daily by users of the sites. Also, a competition existed between both sites to be the top site in the community, which helped increase interest and activity in the community.
One of the common unifying forces that has united the community over the years has been the rather contentious relationship with TI regarding control over its graphing calculators.[
Competitors
TI has the largest market share in the analog semiconductor industry, accounting for over $10 billion of the total $57 billion market in 2020.[79]
Acquisitions
- In 1996, TI acquired Tartan, Inc.[80]
- In 1997, TI acquired Amati Communications for $395 million.[81]
- In 1998, TI acquired GO DSP.[82]
- In 1998, TI acquired the standard logic (semiconductor) product lines from
- In 1999, TI acquired Libit Signal Processing Ltd. of Herzlia, Israel for approximately $365 million in cash.[85]
- In 1999, TI acquired Butterfly VLSI, Ltd. for approximately $50 million.[86]
- In 1999, TI acquired Telogy Networks for $457 million.[87]
- In 1999, TI acquired Unitrode Corporation (NYSE:UTR).[88]
- In 2000, TI acquired Burr-Brown Corporation for $7.6 billion.[89]
- In 2001, TI squired Graychip.[90]
- In 2003, TI acquired Radia Inc. for about $320 million. A San Jose-based company, ASIC WiFi front end prototype without the base band processor. Radia Inc. has Israeli home office.
- In 2006, TI acquired Chipcon for about $200 million.[91]
- In 2009, TI acquired CICLON and Luminary Micro.[92][93]
- In 2011, TI acquired National Semiconductor for $6.5 billion.
- In 2021, TI acquired an operational 300mm fabrication plant located in Lehi, Utah from Micron for $900 million.
- In 2022, TI acquired icDirectory France
National Semiconductor acquisition
On April 4, 2011, Texas Instruments announced that it had agreed to buy National Semiconductor for $6.5 billion in cash. TI paid $25 per share of National Semiconductor stock, which was an 80% premium over the share price of $14.07 as of April 4, 2011, close. The deal made TI the world's largest maker of analog technology components.[95][96][97][98][99] The companies formally merged on September 23, 2011.[100]
See also
- Anylite Technology
- EnOcean
- Symbian Foundation
- OMAP
- Melendy E. Lovett
- SolarMagic
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Bibliography
- Sweetman, Bill; Bonds, Ray (1987). The Great Book of Modern Warplanes. New York, New York: Crown Publishers. ISBN 0-517-63367-1.
Further reading
- P. Binant, "Kodak: Au coeur de la projection numérique", Actions, no. 29, pp. 12–13, Paris, 2007.
- Reid, T. R. (2001). The Chip: How Two Americans Invented the Microchip and Launched a Revolution. New York: Random House Trade Paperbacks. ISBN 0-375-75828-3.
- Nobel Lectures, World Scientific Publishing Co., Singapore, 2000.
External links
- Official website
- Business data for Texas Instruments Inc.: