Tiger reserves of India

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The tiger reserves in India were set up as a part of Project Tiger initiated in 1973 and are administered by the National Tiger Conservation Authority of Government of India. As of March 2024, there are 55 protected areas that have been designated as tiger reserves. As of 2023, there were 3,682 wild tigers in India, which is almost 75% of the world's wild tiger population.

Goal

As per the section 38 of the Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972, the state governments are responsible preparing a Tiger Conservation Plan which includes planning and management of notified areas and maintaining the requisite competent staff to ensure the protection of the tiger reserve and providing inputs for maintaining a viable population of tigers, co-predators and prey animals.[1][2]

Tiger population

State wise tiger population (2018)

In 2006, it was estimated that there were 1,411 tigers living in the wild, the lowest ever recorded.

World Wildlife Fund and Global Tiger Forum.[6]

Tiger reserves

Tiger reserves were set up as a part of Project Tiger initiated in 1973 and are administered by the National Tiger Conservation Authority of Government of India. Tiger reserves consist of a core area which includes part(s) of protected areas such as a

wildlife sanctuary and a buffer zone which is a mix of forested and non-forested land. Project tiger is aimed at performing the necessary activities to ensure viability of tiger population in the core area and to promote a balance between the existence of people and animals in the buffer zones.[7]

In 1973, nine protected areas were initially designated as tiger reserves. By the late 1980s, the initial nine reserves covering an area of 9,115 km2 (3,519 sq mi) had been increased to 15 reserves covering an area of 24,700 km2 (9,500 sq mi). More than 1100 tigers were estimated to inhabit the reserves by 1984.[8] By 1997, 23 tiger reserves encompassed an area of 33,000 km2 (13,000 sq mi).[9] As of March 2024, there are 55 protected areas that have been designated as tiger reserves.[1]

List of tiger reserves[1][10]
Name Established State Tiger population (2023)[5] Core area (km2) Buffer area (km2)
Bandipur 1973–74 Karnataka 150 868.63 584.06
Corbett 1973–74 Uttarakhand 260 1,318.54 466.32
Kanha 1973–74 Madhya Pradesh 105 917.43 1,134.36
Manas 1973–74 Assam 58 526.22 2,310.88
Melghat 1973–74 Maharashtra 57 1,500.49 1,268.03
Palamau 1973–74 Jharkhand 1 414.08 715.85
Ranthambore 1973–74 Rajasthan 57 1,333.36 297.92
Similipal 1973–74 Odisha 16 1,194.75 1,555.25
Sunderbans 1973–74 West Bengal 100 1,699.62 885.27
Periyar 1978–79 Kerala 30 881 44.00
Sariska 1978–79 Rajasthan 19 881.11 332.23
Buxa 1982–83 West Bengal 1 390.58 367.32
Indravati 1982–83 Chhattisgarh 1 1,258.37 1,540.70
Namdapha 1982–83 Arunachal Pradesh 1 1807.82 245.00
Dudhwa 1987–88 Uttar Pradesh 135 1,093.79 1,107.98
Kalakad-Mundanthurai 1988–89 Tamil Nadu 5 895.00 706.54
Valmiki 1989–90 Bihar 54 598.45 300.93
Pench 1992–93 Madhya Pradesh 77 411.33 768.30
Tadoba-Andhari 1993–94 Maharashtra 97 625.82 1,101.77
Bandhavgarh 1993–94 Madhya Pradesh 135 716.9 820.03
Panna 1994–95 Madhya Pradesh 55 576.13 1,021.97
Dampa 1994–95 Mizoram 0 500.00 488.00
Bhadra 1998–99 Karnataka 28 492.46 571.83
Pench-MH 1998–99 Maharashtra 48 257.26 483.96
Pakke 1999–2000 Arunachal Pradesh 6 683.45 515.00
Nameri 1999–2000 Assam 3 320.00 144.00
Satpura 1999–2000 Madhya Pradesh 50 1,339.26 794.04
Anamalai 2008–09 Tamil Nadu 16 958.59 521.28
Sitanadi 2008–09 Chhattisgarh 1 851.09 991.45
Satkosia 2008–09 Odisha 0 523.61 440.26
Kaziranga 2008–09 Assam 104 625.58 548.00
Achanakmar 2008–09 Chhattisgarh 5 626.19 287.82
Kali 2008–09 Karnataka 17 814.88 282.63
Sanjay Dhubri 2008–09 Madhya Pradesh 16 812.57 861.93
Mudumalai 2007 Tamil Nadu 114 321.00 367.59
Nagarhole 2008–09 Karnataka 141 643.35 562.41
Parambikulam 2008–09 Kerala 31 390.89 252.77
Sahyadri 2009–10 Maharashtra 0 612.00 565.45
Biligiri Ranganatha Temple 2010–11 Karnataka 37 359.10 215.72
Kawal 2012–13 Telangana 0 892.23 1,123.21
Sathyamangalam
 2013–14 Tamil Nadu 85 793.49 614.91
Mukandra Hills
 2013–14 Rajasthan 1 717.17 342.82
Nawegaon 2013–14 Maharashtra 11 653.67 1,241.27
Nagarjunsagar-Srisailam 1982–83 Andhra Pradesh 58 2,595.72 700.59
Amrabad 2014 Telangana 12 2,611.4 445.02
Pilibhit 2014 Uttar Pradesh 63 602.79 127.45
Bor 2014 Maharashtra 9 138.12 678.15
Rajaji 2015 Uttarakhand 54 819.54 255.63
Orang 2016 Assam 16 79.28 413.18
Kamlang 2016 Arunachal Pradesh 0 771.00 112.00
Srivilliputhur–Megamalai
 2021 Tamil Nadu 12 641.86 374.70
Ramgarh Vishdhari 2022 Rajasthan 1 481.90 1,019.98
Ranipur 2022 Uttar Pradesh NA 230.31 299.05
Veerangana Durgavati 2023 Madhya Pradesh NA 1,414.00 925.12
Dholpur-Karauli 2023 Rajasthan NA 599.64 0

References

  1. ^ a b c Tiger reserves (Report). National Tiger Conservation Authority. Retrieved 1 April 2024.
  2. ^ "Project Tiger" (PDF). Government of India. Retrieved 22 January 2016.
  3. ^ "India's tiger population sees 33% increase". BBC. 2019.
  4. ^ "Tiger Estimate in India" (PDF). Public Information Brochure. Ministry of Environment and Forests, Government of India. 28 March 2011. p. 9. Retrieved 21 June 2011.
  5. ^ a b Qureshi, Q.; Jhala, Y. V.; Yadav, S. P. & Mallick, A. (2023). Status of tigers, co-predators and prey in India 2022 (PDF) (Report). New Delhi, Dehradun: National Tiger Conservation Authority & Wildlife Institute of India.
  6. ^ "2967 – What the new global Tiger number means". WWF. 2016.
  7. ^ "Project Tiger". National Tiger Conservation Authority. Retrieved 1 April 2024.
  8. ISBN 978-0-815-51133-5
    .
  9. ISBN 0-521-64057-1
    .
  10. ^ MEE summary report (PDF) (Report). National Tiger Conservation Authority. Retrieved 1 April 2024.
  11. ^ "Tiger Reserves". Wildlife Institute of India. Retrieved 9 January 2021.
  12. ^ "Tiger Reserves". National Tiger Conservation Authority. Retrieved 19 January 2021.
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