Uraraneida

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Uraraneida
Temporal range: Givetian to Kungurian
Artist's reconstruction of Attercopus
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Chelicerata
Class: Arachnida
Clade: Tetrapulmonata
Order: †Uraraneida
Selden & Shear, 2008
Genera

Uraraneida is an extinct order of Paleozoic arachnids related to modern spiders. Two genera of fossils have been definitively placed in this order: Attercopus from the Devonian of United States and Permarachne from the Permian of Russia. Like spiders, they are known to have produced silk, but lack the characteristic spinnerets of modern spiders, and retain elongate telsons.

Characteristics

The first fossil now placed in the order was found in

uropygids.[3]

Phylogeny and classification

Main article: Tetrapulmonata § Phylogeny

A 2014 study placed the Uraraneida in the

apomorphy (derived feature) of two pairs of book lungs. The Tetrapulmonata divide into two main clades, one of which, Serikodiastida (Greek for "silk workers"), unites Uraraneida and Araneae (spiders), groups that share the ability to produce and use silk.[4]

An alternative classification suggested by Wunderlich in 2015, based on the same phylogeny, makes Uraraneida a suborder of Araneae, with "true spiders" treated as suborder Araneida.[5]

Selden et al. Wunderlich
clade Serikodiastida
  • order Uraraneida
  • order Araneae
 order Araneae
  • suborder Uraraneida
  • suborder Araneida

In 2016, a fossil arachnid from the

spinnerets, which Uraraneida lack.[9]

Genera and species

Dunlop et al. (2015) accepted two species:[10]

  • Attercopus Selden & Shear, 1991
    • Attercopus fimbriunguis (Shear, Selden & Rolfe, 1987) – Devonian; Gilboa, New York
  • Permarachne Eskov & Selden, 2005
    • Permarachne novokshonovi Eskov & Selden, 2005 – Permian; Matveyevka, Perm Krai, Russia

References

  1. hdl:2246/5166
  2. ^ Selden, Paul A.; Shear, William A. & Bonamo, Patricia M. (1991), "A spider and other arachnids from the Devonian of New York, and reinterpretations of Devonian Araneae", Palaeontology, 34: 241–281
  3. PMID 19104044
  4. PMID 25405073
  5. ^ Wunderlich, J. (2015), "On the evolution and the classification of spiders, the Mesozoic spider faunas, and descriptions of new Cretaceous taxa mainly in amber from Burmese (Burma) (Arachnida: Araneae)", in Wunderlich, J. (ed.), Beiträge zur Araneologie, vol. 9, p. 21, cited in Dunlop, Penney & Jekel (2015, p. 127)
  6. PMID 27030415
  7. S2CID 3268135
  8. S2CID 4239867
  9. S2CID 250148030
    .
  10. ^ Dunlop, J.A.; Penney, D.; Jekel, D. (2015), "A summary list of fossil spiders and their relatives" (PDF), World Spider Catalog, Natural History Museum Bern, retrieved 2016-03-20
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