User:Lamahantash/sandbox
Abu Dis | |
---|---|
City | |
• Head of Municipality | Adel Salah |
Area | |
• Total | 28,332 dunams (28.3 km2 or 10.9 sq mi) |
Population (2016) | |
• Total | 12,604 |
Name meaning | The exact derivation of "Abu Dis" is widely disputed. Popular etymological theories draw inspiration from Latin for "shy", ancient Greek for "mother of ten villages" , an Arabic reference to the trees which once populated the area, or an adaptation of the Roman-era village "Beta Budison" which preceded Abu Dis[1]. |
Website | abudis |
Abu Dis or Abu Deis (
History
Abu Dis is situated on an ancient site, surrounded by deep valleys. Ruins have been found of ancient buildings,
The French explorer Victor Guérin thought Abu Dis was identical with ancient Bahurim,[4] but this identification is not accepted today.[5]
Ottoman era
Abu Dis was one of the most populous villages in the Sanjak of Jerusalem during the 16th century, with a population of several hundred. Wheat and barley formed the bulk of cash crops, but were supplemented by grapes, olives, fruit trees, beans, and products from goats and bees. Descendants of
In 1838 Abu Dis was noted as a Muslim village, part of el-Wadiyeh area, located east of Jerusalem.[8]
When Guérin visited the village in 1870 he noted a house larger and higher than the others, which was that of the local sheikh.[4] An official Ottoman village list from about the same year showed that Abu Dis had 52 houses and a population of 326, though the population count included only men.[9][10]
By the old village mosque, known locally as Maqam Salah ad-Din, there is a grave with a slab of marble, with a poem written in "elegant naskhi script", dated to 1878.[11]
In 1883, the Palestine Exploration Fund's Survey of Western Palestine described it as a "village of moderate size in a conspicuous position on a bare flat ridge, with deep valleys round it. The water-supply is from cisterns. Rock-cut tombs exists to the west.[12]
In the late 19th century, the Sheikh of Abu Dis, Rasheed Erekat, promised to guarantee the safety of European tourists and pilgrims on the journey down to
In 1896 the population of Abu Dis was estimated to be about 600 persons.[15]
British Mandate era
In a
In 1945, Abu Dis had a population of 1,940 Muslims,[18] with 27,896 dunams of land, according to an official land and population survey.[19] Of this, 4,981 dunams were used for cereals,[20] while 158 dunams were built-up land.[21]
Between 1922 and 1947, the population of Abu Dis increased by 110%.
1948-1967
According to the
1967-Today
Since the
Most of the Palestinian Authority's offices responsible for Jerusalem affairs are located in the town.
Socioeconomic Conditions
Population
Of Abu Dis's
Health
Economy
Abu Dis's work force is primarily divided between three economic sectors. 80% of the labor force work as government or private employees, 19% are in the service sector, and 1% work in or for the Israeli government or private Israeli employers[29]. According to 2015 labor statistics of the Jerusalem governorate, 86.1% of Abu Dis's population over the age of 15 are employed, with 87.7% of males and 86.1% of females being employed.[30]
In 2011 Abu Dis housed three factories, one producing brick, another concrete, and the third manufacturing cigarettes. Additionally, Abu Dis had 119 food/grocery stores and 40 trade/service shops.[29]
Around 48% of Abu Dis's territory consists of arable land, and so the village has a significant agricultural sector. Olive trees comprise the vast majority of Abu Dis's commercial agriculture as 530 of the existing 544 fruit trees are olive trees. Sheep are the most commonly available livestock, though Abu Dis's farming community also has cows and goats.[29]
Education
Schools in Abu Dis include Amal Nursery, Abu Dis Elementary School, New Generation Primary School, Special Needs School, Abu Dis Girls Secondary School, Abu Dis Boys Secondary School, UNRWA Mixed School and Arab Institute. Abu Dis is also home to Al-Quds University.
Institutions
Resources/Utilities
Water
Electricity/Telecommunication
Sanitation
Transportation
Travel within and around Abu Dis is largely conducted through the public taxi service and unlicensed cars. There are 33 kilometers of road in Abu Dis. Ten kilometers of main roads are paved and in good condition while three kilometers are in poor condition. Of the 20 kilometers of "secondary roads," 5 are paved in good condition, 5 are paved in poor condition, and 10 are unpaved.[29]
West Bank barrier and land disputes
On January 13, 2004, Israel began constructing the
Upon completion, the wall will border Abu Dis from the north, west, and east.[29] The northern segment of the wall will fragment the northern and southern hemispheres of the West Bank. The eastern portion of the wall is set to separate Abu Dis's core, urban environment from its rural territories, detaching over 6,000 dunums of arable land from the city's total land area of 28,332 dunums.[28] Currently, the western wall divides Abu Dis and Jerusalem. Because Palestinian men below the age of 55 and women under 50 now require a permit for entry into Jerusalem, the wall has reduced Palestinian access to medical care, schools, and employment opportunities unavailable in Abu Dis and the surrounding villages.[32]
The United Nations humanitarian affairs office charged that the barrier would severely disrupt access to schools, hospitals, and work throughout the West Bank. Israel says that the route of the barrier is determined a security measure, not a political tool.[33]
As a result of the western wall the Cliff Hotel owned by the Ayyad family of Abu Dis has been the focus of a legal dispute in the Israeli courts.
Waste disposal site
Establishment and Management
The Abu Dis Waste Disposal Site is a landfill opened in 1981 when the Israeli military confiscated territory from Abu Dis for the landfill's creation.[45] In 1998, the Ma'ale Adumim Company became responsible for site management. The company is under the jurisdiction of Ma'ale Adumim, an Israeli settlement in the West Bank. [46] The company has been accused of mismanagement, with critics citing the site's illegal burning of wastes, insufficient barricades to entry, and insufficient, improperly maintained infrastructure.[46]
The Jahalin Bedouin, who previously lived in the territory now occupied by Ma'ale Adumim have been resettled within 300 meters of the Abu Dis waste disposal site, which has led to international concerns for the safety of the Jahalin.[46]
In 2003, the Israeli government announced its intent to close the landfill, however it was subsequently expanded, and did not officially close until 2014 due to overfilling.[47]
Legal dispute
Controversy surrounded the landfill's establishment as critics argued the expropriation of Abu Dis's land violated International humanitarian law and the Oslo Accords by constituting an unwarranted seizure of an occupied peoples' private property; however the Israeli Supreme Court has argued that because the waste disposal site benefits Palestinians, the land seizure is admissible on account of legal precedent. The Israeli response has spurred further debate, as Palestinians claim that the waste site was designed for the dual purpose of depleting Palestinian territory and disposing Israeli waste, and, therefore, the confiscation of Palestinian did not constitute a measure taken for the good of the occupied peoples. Additionally, Palestinian's accuse Israel of restricting access to the disposal site, directly during periods of escalating tensions and indirectly through the instatement of high levies to use the site. Legality concerns have also been raised with regard to the environmental damage caused by the site.[46]
Environmental impact
Until 2011, the site received about half of the 1,400 tons of garbage produced every day in the Jerusalem District. An estimated 90% of the waste came from Jerusalem while Israeli settlements contributed 4% of waste and Palestinian communities contributed 6%.[46] Due to improper infrastructure and overfilling, the waste disposal site has caused pollution in Abu Dis, which has led the United Nations General Assembly to call upon Israel to "cease all actions harming the environment, including the dumping of all kinds of waste materials in the Occupied Palestinian Territory."[48] Environmental externalities include a pervading stench in the surrounding areas, the emission of toxic gases when waste is burned, water pollution, the attraction of stray dogs which have been known to attack villagers' goats.[46][49]
Twin cities
- Camden, a borough of London in the United Kingdom. Since 2005, many Camden residents have visited Abu Dis and many Abu Dis residents have visited Camden. The visits concentrate on children, women and schools. The twinning activities are supported by the Camden Abu Dis Friendship Association (CADFA), a UK registered charity.[50]
- Reze
In cinema
Some scenes from the film Omar were shot in Abu-dis, such as the first scene when Omar climbs the Israeli West Bank barrier to visit his lover.
Notable residents
References
- ^ "Abu Dis Town Profile" (PDF). The Palestinian Locality Profiles. Applied Research Institute - Jerusalem. Retrieved December 6, 2017.
- ^ "Localities in Jerusalem Governorate by Type of Locality and Population Estimates, 2007-2016". Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics. 2016. Retrieved December 6, 2017.
- ^ Dauphin, 1998, p. 906
- ^ a b Guérin, 1874, p. 160 ff
- ^ McKenzie, John, Dictionary of the Bible, Simon & Schuster, 1995, p77
- ^ ISBN 0-521-45238-4.
- ^ Hütteroth and Abdulfattah, 1977, p. 117
- ^ Robinson and Smith, 1841, vol 3, Appendix 2, p. 122
- ^ Socin, 1879, p. 142
- ^ Hartmann, 1883, p. 124
- ^ Sharon, 1997, pp. 1-2
- ^ Conder and Kitchener, 1883, SWP III, p. 27
- ^ Rev James Smith, 'A Pilgrimage to Palestine - An account of a visit to Lower Palestine (1893-1894)
- ^ Kean, 1908, pp. 129-130
- ^ Schick, 1896, p. 125
- ^ Barron, 1923, Table VII, Sub-district of Jerusalem, p. 14
- ^ Mills, 1932, p. 37
- ^ Department of Statistics, 1945, p. 24
- ^ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 56
- ^ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 101
- ^ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 151
- ^ Transformation in Arab Settlement, Moshe Brawer, in The Land that Became Israel: Studies in Historical Geography, Ruth Kark (ed), Magnes Press, Jerusalem 1989, p.177
- Bertha Spafford Vester, 'Our Jerusalem'. Printed in Lebanon, 1950. page 320.
- ^ Perlmann, Joel (November 2011 – February 2012). "The 1967 Census of the West Bank and Gaza Strip: A Digitized Version" (PDF). Levy Economics Institute. Retrieved 24 June 2016.
- ^ Dr Haim Gvirtzman, Maps of Israeli Interests in Judea and Samaria, Begin-Sadat Center for Strategic Studies (Israel).
- ^ UNRWA Profile of Abu Dis Archived June 30, 2007, at the Wayback Machine United Nations Relief and Works Agency. March 2004.
- ^ "Palestine denies Arafat's approval of Abu Dis as Palestinian capital". Arabic News. 1998-05-07. Archived from the original on 2012-02-25. Retrieved 2012-01-12.
- ^ a b Abu Dis: A Palestinian Town Tarred by the Israeli Wall Archived 2008-10-19 at the Wayback Machine. ARIJ & LRC, 4 February 2004
- ^ a b c d e "Abu Dis Town Profile" (PDF). The Palestinian Locality Profiles. Retrieved December 6, 2017.
- ^ "Percentage of Employed Persons Aged 15 Years and above from Palestine by Governorate and Sex, 2015". Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics. 2015. Retrieved December 6, 2017.
- – via EBSCOhost.
- ^ "Israeli occupation turns 50: A Palestinian's commute through Checkpoint 300". Washington Post. Retrieved 2017-12-07.
- ^ Where day to day living has had its heart cut out Guardian 2004-01-20.
- ^ An Abu Dis hotel has become a new battleground for the Jerusalem separation fence Haaretz 2004-05-05.
- ^ Israel snatches Palestinian hotel for ‘security reasons’: owner Sunday, 17 February 2013, alarabiya.net
- ^ The absentee from 6 Molcho St. Haaretz 2010-07-23.
- ^ Israel snatches Palestinian hotel for ‘security reasons’ Sunday, 17 February 2013, al Arabiya
- ^ Hotellet til Signe Marie og Ali er beslaglagt av Israel. Nå tar Bondevik opp saken Dagbladet
- ^ Kampen om hotellet midt i muren NRK
- ^ Norske Signe har kjempet i ti år for Cliff Hotel Tv2
- ^ Israel konfiskerer norsk-palestinsk hotell 27.apr. 2004
- ^ Israels barrière opprører Støre 28 June 2008, Aftenposten
- ^ Cliff Hotel. Familien Ayad vs. staten Israel Hamar Dagblad
- ^ Ypperlig mikrohistorie for å forstå Palestina-konflikten Dagbladet
- ^ Nir Shalev (December 2009). "The Hidden Agenda. The Establishment and Expansion Plans of Ma'ale Adummim and their Human Rights Ramifications" (PDF). B'Tselem. pp. 31–34. Retrieved 2012-03-25.
- ^ a b c d e f "Abu Dis: From Land Expropriation to Landfill Israel's Waste Disposal Beyond the Green Line" (PDF).
- ^ "'Judea and Samaria have become the garbage can of the state'". The Jerusalem Post | JPost.com. Retrieved 2017-12-07.
- ^ "Resolution 64/185 - Permanent Sovereignty of the Palestinian people in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem, and of the Arab population in the occupied Syrian Golan over their natural resources". Dag Hammarskjold Library. December 21, 2009. Retrieved December 7, 2017.
- ^ "Experts probe reach of toxins from West Bank landfill". Maan News Agency. Retrieved 2017-12-07.
- ^ Camden Abu Dis Friendship Association Archived 2011-08-07 at the Wayback Machine
Bibliography
- Barron, J. B., ed. (1923). Palestine: Report and General Abstracts of the Census of 1922. Government of Palestine.
- Conder, Claude Reignier; Kitchener, H. H. (1883). The Survey of Western Palestine: Memoirs of the Topography, Orography, Hydrography, and Archaeology. Vol. 3. London: Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund.
- Dauphin, Claudine (1998). La Palestine byzantine, Peuplement et Populations. BAR International Series 726 (in French). Vol. III : Catalogue. Oxford: Archeopress. ISBN 0-860549-05-4.
- Department of Statistics (1945). Village Statistics, April, 1945. Government of Palestine.
- Guérin, Victor (1874). Description Géographique Historique et Archéologique de la Palestine (in French). Vol. 2: Samarie, pt. 1. Paris: L'Imprimerie Nationale.
- Hadawi, Sami (1970). Village Statistics of 1945: A Classification of Land and Area ownership in Palestine. Palestine Liberation Organization Research Centre.
- Hartmann, M. (1883). "Die Ortschaftenliste des Liwa Jerusalem in dem turkeschen Staatskalender dur Syrien auf das Jahr 1288 der Flucht (1871)". Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins. 6: 102–149.
- Hütteroth, Wolf-Dieter; Abdulfattah, Kamal (1977). Historical Geography of Palestine, Transjordan and Southern Syria in the Late 16th Century. Erlanger Geographische Arbeiten, Sonderband 5. Erlangen, Germany: Vorstand der Fränkischen Geographischen Gesellschaft. ISBN 3-920405-41-2.
- Kean, James: Among the holy places ; a pilgrimage through Palestine (between 1895 and 1907) T. Fisher Unwin, London, Sixth edition 1908. (1st Edition 1891),
- Mills, E., ed. (1932). Census of Palestine 1931. Population of Villages, Towns and Administrative Areas. Jerusalem: Government of Palestine.
- Mortensen, Yngvil (2012). Cliff Hotel. Familien Ayad vs. staten Israel. Norway: Forlaget Manifest.
- Palmer, E. H. (1881). The Survey of Western Palestine: Arabic and English Name Lists Collected During the Survey by Lieutenants Conder and Kitchener, R. E. Transliterated and Explained by E.H. Palmer. Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund.
- Robinson, Edward; Smith, Eli (1841). Biblical Researches in Palestine, Mount Sinai and Arabia Petraea: A Journal of Travels in the year 1838. Vol. 3. Boston: Crocker & Brewster.
- ISBN 9004108335.
- Schick, C. (1896). "Zur Einwohnerzahl des Bezirks Jerusalem". Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins. 19: 120–127.
- Socin, A. (1879). "Alphabetisches Verzeichniss von Ortschaften des Paschalik Jerusalem". Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins. 2: 135–163.
External links
- Official site
- Welcome To Abu Dis
- Survey of Western Palestine, Map 17: IAA, Wikimedia commons
- Al Quds University