Ventnor
Ventnor | |
---|---|
Ventnor seafront, June 2018 | |
Location within the Isle of Wight | |
Area | 0.980 sq mi (2.54 km2) |
Population | 5,567 (2021 Census) |
• Density | 5,681/sq mi (2,193/km2) |
OS grid reference | SZ562775 |
Unitary authority | |
Ceremonial county | |
Region | |
Country | England |
Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
Post town | VENTNOR |
Postcode district | PO38 |
Dialling code | 01983 |
Police | Hampshire and Isle of Wight |
Fire | Hampshire and Isle of Wight |
Ambulance | Isle of Wight |
UK Parliament | |
Ventnor (
Ventnor became extremely fashionable as both a health and holiday resort in the late 19th century, described as the 'English Mediterranean' and 'Mayfair by the Sea'. Medical advances during the early twentieth century reduced its role as a health resort and, like other British seaside resorts, its summer holiday trade suffered from the changing nature of travel during the latter part of the century.
Its relatively sheltered location beneath the hilly chalk
History
While Bonchurch and St Lawrence both have churches dating back to the Norman era, the area in-between that became Ventnor was unremarkable until the 19th century. In Anglo-Saxon times it was known as Holeweia, which by the 12th century had become Holeweye, or hollow way[2] (although possibly the name derived from the Holy Well spring on the downs).[3] By 1617 its name appears as Ventnor, probably named after the family name le Vyntener.[4]
There are indications of
A 1992 archaeological survey found evidence of a medieval settlement at Flowers Brook, which was referred to in a 1327 subsidy roll as Villata de steple. This area was subsequently incorporated into two farms, with some cottages on the site demolished in 1834.[9] Ventnor watermill, on a site just north of the current cascade, is first mentioned in 1327, was destroyed by fire in 1848, rebuilt by 1853, and demolished in 1875.[10]
In the early nineteenth century, in addition to the mill, Ventnor consisted solely of a few fishermen's huts by the cove, a couple of inns, and a farm.[11] In 1804, it was described by John Britton as a "hamlet...formed by a range of neat cottages chiefly inhabited by fishermen, open to the sea in front, and backed by woods and the high downs".[2] The area was divided between the parishes of Godshill and Newchurch. In 1820 both of the manors (Holloway was then known as Ventnor Manor) were sold to John Hamborough and other building speculators.[3] The spur for expansion was the publication in 1830 of the second edition of physician James Clark's book: The influence of climate on disease.[11] This identified the microclimate of Ventnor and the Undercliff as ideal for people with chest complaints ("nothing along the south coast will bear comparison with it", Clark enthused),[12] at a time when consumption (now known as TB) was a common cause of death.
Thereafter Ventnor developed very rapidly into a town, with numerous hotels and boarding houses targeting sick visitors, particularly during the winter, and a wider range of shops than would be expected for a town of its size (by 1891 it had four chemists).[11] In 1844 Parliament passed an Act "for better paving, lighting, cleansing, and otherwise improving part of the parish of Newchurch, called Ventnor, and for establishing a market therein".[13] However, not everyone was enamoured with the fast-growing town: in 1845, after recounting the positive reviews of others, writer John Gwilliam complained of the "intolerable" summer heat and the chalk dust about the town, concluding that to live there would "be one of the greatest punishments that could be inflicted upon me in the Isle of Wight".[14]
In 1853 the first newspaper on the island, the Ventnor Mercury, was launched (it continued publication until 1985).
The first pier from 1860 was washed away.[19] Breakwaters were built in 1863, and by the following year, a steamer service to Littlehampton connected with trains to London.[11] In 1866 the Isle of Wight Railway reached Ventnor, and in 1870 the iron Royal Victoria Pier was constructed.[19] Subsequent storm damage delayed the full establishment of steamer services until 1888 when they were carrying 10,000 passengers from Bournemouth, Southsea, Sandown and Shanklin. The railway ran a non-stop train from Ryde to Ventnor, named 'The Invalid Express' for the consumptive patients; one train famously completed the journey in a little over twenty minutes.[20] Ventnor became known as 'Mayfair by the sea' for the number of wealthy Londoners who were visiting.[21] In 1887, Bartholomew's Gazetteer described Ventnor as "one of the most popular of English health resorts", with the parish then having a population of 5,739.[22]
By the early twentieth century, Ventnor was a flourishing resort town, with several newspapers, a scientific institute, an extensive library, assembly room, pavilion, various sporting clubs, several churches, an annual regatta and carnival, and a new municipal park. In 1901 its population exceeded 6,000.[11]
The physical fabric of the town was not affected by the First World War, although local businesses suffered from the suspension of the summer and winter resort trade, and its war memorial commemorates the local men who died in the fighting.[23] Ventnor and St Lawrence became receiving centres for wounded soldiers. The summer holiday visitors returned in the 1920s, although the winter health trade never resumed. The town reached its zenith in the 1930s when steam packets operated between Southsea and the town's pier. The Art Deco Winter Gardens opened in 1936/7.[24] The relatively small sandy beach was ideal for bathing, and Victorian era hotels in the town's suburbs and near the sea, such as the Ventnor Towers Hotel, remained popular with tourists.[11]
During World War II, the Isle of Wight became a heavily defended restricted area.[25] The radar station at RAF Ventnor was attacked several times during 1940, and the town itself was also bombed, and again in 1942. By the end of the war 120 buildings in the town had been destroyed and nearly 1,500 damaged, with sixteen fatalities.[11] The holiday trade disappeared and was slow to return during post-war austerity. Nevertheless, by the early 1950s the number of tourists warranted 46 trains scheduled to run between Ventnor and Ryde every summer Saturday.[11]
By the 1960s, the British seaside holiday was facing competition from cheap foreign package tours and the rising popularity of motoring.[11] The railway line to Ventnor West closed in 1952 and to Ventnor station in 1966.[26] The pier, damaged by fire and the elements, had fallen into disuse and was finally dismantled in the 1990s. By the 1980s, according to author Michael Freeman: "The town entered the twilight era that characterised so many English seaside places...[with] crumbling public facilities, boarded up shops, faded lodging houses and hotels, not to mention unemployment".[11] During more recent years, there have been some signs of a renaissance, as its strongly Victorian character came back into fashion, with development of the Haven, re-opening of the Winter Gardens, some new shops and restaurants, a lively cultural scene,[27] and the growth in short break travel.[28]
Governance
Ventnor is within the
Ventnor has a town council[32] that manages various local services, including the park, four car parks, public toilets, and allotments. The Council is responsible for local byelaws, and is consulted by the Isle of Wight Council on matters such as planning and transport. The Town Council has eleven councillors covering four wards, with Ventnor West having six of the councillors, plus separate wards for Bonchurch & Ventnor East, Lowtherville, and St Lawrence. Its coat of arms, displayed on welcome signs by roads into the town, shows Hygeia, the ancient Greek goddess of health, adopted in 1890 to reference its importance as a health resort, surrounded by wild roses referencing the garden isle.[33]
The 'Our Place' project in 2014, led by the Town Council working with residents and local public and private sector providers, identified the priorities for the town as being improved health and wellbeing, a renewed and refreshed economy, and enhanced community capacity.[34] The Council's Strategy Plan, developed in 2016 against the background of reduced funding from Isle of Wight Council for local services and the transfer of new responsibilities to the Town Council, focuses on the need for community inclusiveness, co-operation, influence and sustainability, in order to build the capacity to respond effectively to economic and social challenges.[35]
Geography
Ventnor is on the south-east coast of the Isle of Wight, an island in the English Channel about two miles (3.2 km) off the coast of Hampshire, at 50°36′N 1°13′W / 50.600°N 1.217°W. It is 11 miles (18 km) by road south-south-east of the island's county town Newport, and about 100 miles (160 km) south-west of London. Its coastline is dominated by cliff scenery, with the town rising up the steep south-facing terraces between Ventnor Bay and St Boniface Down, which, at 241 metres (791 ft), is the highest point on the island. The town itself extends from the seashore up to the slopes of the downs, with its commercial centre being 45 metres (148 ft) above sea-level;[36] the urban area is contiguous with the neighbouring settlements of St Lawrence to the west and Bonchurch to the east.
"Ventnor hangs upon the side of a steep hill, and here and there it clings and scrambles, is propped up and terraced, like one of the bright-faced towns that look down upon the Mediterranean"
There are nearby
The tides along the coast are strong, with a
The local coastline needs active shoreline management,
Ventnor is the seventh largest town on the Isle of Wight, with a population of just under 6,000. The nearest town is Shanklin, nearly four miles to the north-east, and the nearest villages are Whitwell and Wroxall, both less than 3 miles (4.8 km) distant.
Geology
The local geomorphology defines the town. The Isle of Wight has complex geology of folded layers of sedimentary rocks (Greensand, chalk, and Gault clay), with Ventnor itself situated on the Undercliff, which is the largest urban landslide complex in North West Europe.[44] According to the council's Shoreline Management Plan, the "medium to high sandstone, clay or chalk debris cliffs...are important for their geomorphological, ecological and entomological interest".[7]
A significant area is built on the Gault clay, known locally as 'blue slipper', which when saturated allows the rocks above to suffer from landslip.[45] The ground is notoriously unstable, and there are indications that the area is becoming less stable as the support provided by the lower slopes is slowly eroded.[46][47]
The Shoreline Management Plan aims to protect the shoreline from erosion that would otherwise reactivate relic landslides along the Undercliff. The council believes that cliff protection works at Wheelers and Monks Bays "appear to have significantly reduced the occurrences of landslide re-activations".[7] Nevertheless, the periodic movement has destroyed buildings over the years, led to cracking of local roads, and disrupted utilities. In 2011 a vent opened at the former bus stop in Ocean View Road.[48] A nearby Site of Special Scientific Interest is known as the Landslip.[49] In 2014, after storms and heavy rain, a landslip caused the road between Ventnor and Niton to collapse.[50]
The local area is an important one for fossils; the Compton Chine to Steephill Cove SSSI is a nationally important site with notable invertebrate assemblages.[7]
Climate
Ventnor and the Isle of Wight have a
According to the Tourist Board, the Isle of Wight is one of the sunniest places in the UK.[52] Ventnor competes with Eastbourne to be considered the sunniest, both with about 1888 hours of sunshine per year,[53] and averaging five hours of sun a day, peaking at eight hours during the summer. The town is sheltered from north winds behind St Boniface Down, and consequently has its own microclimate.[52] This enables the Botanic Garden to grow species that would not survive outside elsewhere in the UK.[54]
Climate data for Ventnor Park 60m asl, 1971-2000 | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 7.9 (46.2) |
7.8 (46.0) |
9.8 (49.6) |
12.0 (53.6) |
15.2 (59.4) |
17.5 (63.5) |
19.7 (67.5) |
20.1 (68.2) |
18.1 (64.6) |
14.9 (58.8) |
11.2 (52.2) |
9.0 (48.2) |
13.6 (56.5) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 3.6 (38.5) |
3.2 (37.8) |
4.4 (39.9) |
5.6 (42.1) |
8.7 (47.7) |
11.3 (52.3) |
13.6 (56.5) |
14.1 (57.4) |
12.4 (54.3) |
9.9 (49.8) |
6.5 (43.7) |
4.7 (40.5) |
8.2 (46.7) |
Source: YR.NO[55] |
Climate data for St Catherine's Point 16m asl, 1981-2010 | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 8.2 (46.8) |
7.8 (46.0) |
9.4 (48.9) |
11.6 (52.9) |
14.6 (58.3) |
17.1 (62.8) |
19.2 (66.6) |
19.8 (67.6) |
18.2 (64.8) |
15.1 (59.2) |
11.7 (53.1) |
9.1 (48.4) |
13.5 (56.3) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 4.2 (39.6) |
3.6 (38.5) |
4.9 (40.8) |
6.3 (43.3) |
9.3 (48.7) |
11.9 (53.4) |
14.2 (57.6) |
14.7 (58.5) |
13.2 (55.8) |
10.7 (51.3) |
7.5 (45.5) |
4.9 (40.8) |
8.8 (47.8) |
Average rainfall mm (inches) | 72.0 (2.83) |
53.4 (2.10) |
54.4 (2.14) |
46.2 (1.82) |
46.2 (1.82) |
39.0 (1.54) |
37.5 (1.48) |
42.9 (1.69) |
57.6 (2.27) |
90.6 (3.57) |
78.7 (3.10) |
81.6 (3.21) |
700.2 (27.57) |
Average rainy days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 12.3 | 9.2 | 10.0 | 8.5 | 7.9 | 6.6 | 6.6 | 6.8 | 8.2 | 12.0 | 12.3 | 12.5 | 112.8 |
Source: UK Met Office [56] |
Wildlife
The climate and habitats in Ventnor support species that are rare in the UK, including some that are particularly associated with warmer and more southerly locations and are not established in much of the rest of the country. The town has the largest and oldest British colony of
The Isle of Wight is one of the principal British refuges of the once ubiquitous UK red squirrel population.[60] They are relatively shy and most likely seen in wooded areas away from the town.[61]
Ventnor downs support a small herd of
The only significant remaining UK population of Glanville fritillary butterfly, one of Britain's rarest, is found along the southern coast of the Isle of Wight including Ventnor.[65] According to the National Trust, the "downland above the town is immensely rich and important for butterflies... of top national importance".[66] The coastal downs west of Ventnor are also one of few locations in the UK where Field Cow-wheat can be found.[67]
Early gentian can be found on Rew Down, just north-west of the town. It is a rare species in the UK first recorded in 1883 at this site and recognised as internationally important by EU Habitats Directives.[68] This down is also noted for pyramidal orchids and the once-endangered adonis blue butterfly.[69]
Ventnor's subtidal reefs provide important habitats for marine species, for some of which the Isle of Wight is the eastern limit of distribution, representing the transition zone between the Gulf Stream from the south-west and cooler North Sea waters.[41] These include the rare seaweed Gracilaria bursa-pastoris (or shepherd’s purse seaweed).[43] The local coastline attracts bottlenose dolphin, basking shark and other cetaceans, as well as being an important area for fish species, including rays.[41]
Ventnor Botanic Garden
The Garden has a
Demography
Having passed 6,000 by the turn of the 20th century, Ventnor's population peaked at over 7,300 in the early 1950s.[77] According to UK census data, the population of Ventnor parish was 6,257 in 2001 and 5,976 in 2011, with a 2016 ONS estimate of 5,837,[78] indicating a trend of declining population of just under 0.5% per year. With an area of 0.980 square miles (2.54 km2), the population density in 2016 was 5,730 inhabitants per square mile (2,211/km2). 51.7% of the population is female, with 16% aged 0–17 years, 53% aged 18–64, and 31% aged 65 or over. Mosaic analysis of the 2011 census classified 27% of Ventnor East and 39% of Ventnor West households as "active elderly people living in pleasant retirement locations", with 46% of East and 20% of West as "residents of small and mid-sized towns with strong local roots".[79]
Population
Year[79] | Ventnor East | West | Total | %change |
---|---|---|---|---|
2002 | 3107 | 3132 | 6239 | |
2003 | 3116 | 3131 | 6247 | +0.1 |
2004 | 3116 | 3165 | 6281 | +0.5 |
2005 | 3103 | 3132 | 6235 | -0.7 |
2006 | 3138 | 3108 | 6246 | +0.2 |
2007 | 3100 | 3132 | 6232 | -0.2 |
2008 | 3110 | 3100 | 6210 | -0.4 |
2009 | 3083 | 3097 | 6180 | -0.5 |
2010 | 3071 | 3044 | 6115 | -1.1 |
2011[78] | 3052 | 2924 | 5976 | -2.3 |
2012[80] | 3045 | 2913 | 5958 | -0.3 |
2013[81] | 2962 | 2902 | 5864 | -1.6 |
2014[82] | 2947 | 2913 | 5860 | -0.1 |
2015[83] | 2975 | 2902 | 5877 | +0.3 |
2016[84] | 2975 | 2862 | 5837 | -0.7 |
In March 2011, Ventnor parish had 2,846 occupied households, each containing an average of 2.1 people, 66% being houses (detached 29%, semi-detached 22%, terraced 15%) and 34% flats (18% purpose built, 14% conversions, 2% in commercial buildings).[85] However, there were a further 733 household spaces (about 20% of the total) with no residents on the 2011 census day. Of the households, 43% owned their home outright, 23% owned with a mortgage or loan, 20% were private rented, and 12% social rented. 26% had no car in the household.[86]
Of residents aged at least 16 in 2011, 47% were married, 27.5% single and never married, 13.1% divorced, 9.7% widowed, 2.5% separated, and 0.2% in a same-sex civil partnerships. 57.7% were living as a couple, and 42.3% were not. 94.3% had been born in the UK (91.5% in England, 1.4% in Scotland, 1.2% in Wales and 0.2% in Northern Ireland), with 0.6% born in Ireland, 2.1% in the rest of the EU, and 3.0% elsewhere. 24.3% had no passport.[86]
Age
In 2011 the average age of Ventnor residents was 47.3 years,[86] compared with averages of 44 years for the island and 39 for England.[87] The age distribution was as follows:
2011[79] | Ventnor East | West | Total |
---|---|---|---|
0–9 | 229 | 215 | 444 |
10–19 | 353 | 326 | 679 |
20–29 | 281 | 194 | 475 |
30–39 | 284 | 197 | 481 |
40-49 | 450 | 361 | 811 |
50-59 | 444 | 441 | 885 |
60-69 | 505 | 583 | 1088 |
70-79 | 284 | 350 | 634 |
80+ | 222 | 257 | 479 |
Ethnicity
2011[86] | Number | Percentage |
---|---|---|
White: British | 5624 | 94.1 |
White: Non-British | 182 | 3.1 |
Mixed race | 109 | 1.8 |
Asian or Asian British | 51 | 0.9 |
Black or Black British | 6 | 0.1 |
Chinese or other | 4 | 0.1 |
Economy
The English Indices of Deprivation 2010 identified the central area of Ventnor as being one of the 20% most deprived areas,[34] with the economy dependent on low paid seasonal work from tourism, and challenges from child poverty, inadequate housing, and relatively high levels of disability and ill health. The 2015 Indices suggest that this relative position has worsened, with Lowtherville closer to falling into the 20%. In the sub-domains, central Ventnor scored particularly badly for employment, and Lowtherville for children in poverty.[88] 9% of households in Ventnor East are without central heating, compared to an English average of 2.7%.[87] An analysis published in 2014 suggests that the average annual income in Ventnor, at £27,978, is the lowest of any sub-area on the island.[89]
Of the population aged 16–74, on census day 2011 24% were working full-time, 14% part-time, 16% self-employed, 5% unemployed, 5% studying, 4% looking after home or family, 6% long-term sick or disabled, and 24% retired. The most common occupational categories were health and social (15%), wholesale and retail (14%), accommodation and food servicing (14%), and education (11%).[85] However, of those in employment, 64% worked full-time and 36% part-time.[86]
The town has many hotels and cafés, open seasonally to support the tourist trade. The main retail centres are the town centre (principally the High Street and Pier Street) and the Esplanade. There is an industrial estate on the site of the former station in Upper Ventnor, and a local shellfish industry near the Haven.[7] Ventnor also has a small shipbuilding company.[90]
Regarding its retail sector, an IOW Council Retail Assessment (based on a 2009 health check) concluded: "Although the town has a good mix of local and tourist focussed retail and leisure provision, the high level of vacant units and charity shops gives the impression of a poor quality of retail provision. It suffers from a relative lack of public transport accessibility." It recommended that "planning policies focus on protecting...local convenience and specialist comparison goods, such as antiques and vintage items".[91]
Arts and culture
Ventnor is recognised as having a lively arts scene for a town of its size,[27] with several annual arts events, venues for theatre and independent film, and active arts clubs.
Ventnor Fringe Festival has been held annually since 2010. This is an open arts festival taking place in venues across the town, similar to the
Ventnor Carnival is a traditional town carnival, held in the middle of August, with carnival floats, marching bands and drinking. The carnival started in 1889 and claims to be the second oldest carnival in the UK.[94] From 2016 there has been an annual Ventnor Day to celebrate the town, since 2017 organised on the same day as the Round the Island Race, with music, entertainment and stalls promoting local community groups.[95]
Between 2005 and 2008, Ventnor hosted the Isle of Wight International Jazz Festival, with headline acts including Maceo Parker, Humphrey Lyttelton and Cleo Laine. Between 2011 and 2016, Isle of Arts was an annual festival held in the town,[96] with acts including Rich Hall, Sandi Toksvig, Alan Davies and Phill Jupitus. Isle of Arts ended after 2016, because of the costs of the event.[97] However the range of the Ventnor Fringe has since been expanded, and now runs concurrently with the Ventnor International Festival, with acts visiting from around the world.[98]
Ventnor does not have a mainstream cinema, but there is a local film club that arranges showings of international films.[99] There have also been outdoor film screenings during the summer Fringe.[98] Ventnor Arts Club occupies a former bank in the town centre, and arranges live broadcasts of opera, ballet and theatre performances as well as music events.[100]
Each July, Isle of Wight Arts holds a free open studios event across the island, with a wide range of local artists and craftspeople opening their homes and studios to the public.[101]
Landmarks
Ventnor's landmarks arise from its natural environment, its Victorian heritage, and its tourist appeal past and present. Although modest in altitude at 241 metres (791 ft), the chalk St Boniface Down is 1⁄2 mile (0.80 km) north of the town. The downs have a thick layer of acid flint gravels, with dry heathland vegetation.[39] The town's small beach of reddish chert sand and pebbles of flint and chert,[42] with Ventnor Haven to the east and the prominent Spyglass Inn at its western end,[102] will be familiar to many visitors. It is backed by an esplanade, which was created in 1848,[11] now fronted by pubs, cafes, shops and restaurants. The gnomon on the esplanade was presented to the town by Sir Thomas Brisbane in 1851.[103] At its eastern end is Ventnor's pumping station, a £14 million project completed in 2002 as part of 'Shifting Sands', a joint initiative between English Heritage and the Commission for Architecture and the Built Environment. It is disguised as a bandstand and viewing platform.[104]
Just west of the beach is the Ventnor sign on the cliffs at La Falaise, with the town's name in 13-foot-tall (4.0 m) white concrete blocks. It was erected between the wars and intended to provide a landmark visible from the sea,[105] replacing the chalk letters that were damaged in 1992.[106] Just along the coastal path is Flowers Brook, a stream flowing through a small coastal meadow and recreation ground. In 2015 the meadow was earmarked for the coastal substation of a tidal energy generation scheme,[107] but the scheme was suspended in 2017.[108] A short distance further west is Steephill Cove, a hamlet and small beach that is inaccessible to motor vehicles, which has cafes and self-catering cottages.[109]
Ventnor Park, on the western side of town, was awarded 'Park of the Year' at the 2016 South and South East England in Bloom Awards.
RAF Ventnor is a former radar monitoring station atop St Boniface Down,[113] and is now used for civilian and air traffic communications antennae. It also contains bunkers that were part of an early warning network, later converted into nuclear shelters during the Cold War as part of the ROTOR programme, now sealed and inaccessible.[114] There is a memorial plaque nearby at the site of the 1962 Channel Airways Dakota accident, after which new regulations were introduced to improve air passenger safety.[115]
Ventnor Exchange is an arts centre that opened in 2014 in the old Post Office building on Church Street.[116] It organises the annual Ventnor Fringe Festival, supports emerging artists, and runs creative workshops for young actors, artists and writers.[117] The winter gardens is an Art Deco building, dating from 1936, which was designed as a result of a competition in 1935 and built on the site of the vicarage.[24] It was closed in 2011, then refurbished and re-opened as a cafe/restaurant and entertainment venue in 2014.[118]
Along the coast, other notable landmarks include
Transport
Surrounded by hills, with no railway connection, no roads within the County's Strategic Road Network,[120] and only two year-round bus routes connecting to other towns,[121] Ventnor is relatively isolated from the rest of the island.[122]
Access by road
Historically Ventnor was difficult to reach by road, along narrow and steep tracks. In the mid-nineteenth century the three routes were, from the east, through Bonchurch via the steep White (now Bonchurch) Shute, from the north, via Old Shute described by Michael Freeman as "a precipitous descent", and from the west by a steep shute connecting Whitwell with St Lawrence. The modern routes respectively via the Leeson Road, Ocean View Road, and Whitwell Road, as well as the route to Niton along the Undercliff (closed to vehicles since 2014 following a landslip) were all created in the later nineteenth century.[11]
History of the railway
Railways reached the town in 1866 from Shanklin and Wroxall, and in 1900 from Merstone and Godshill.[11] Ventnor railway station was the terminus of the Isle of Wight Railway (later the Island Line), and it brought many visitors to the town. Ventnor West railway station was the terminus of the Isle of Wight Central Railway from Cowes through Newport. Both stations suffered from being away from the town centre, requiring an onward road journey for travellers.
Ventnor West station was closed in 1952, before the closures ordered by
Between 2004 and 2010 a 'rail link' bus by Wightbus ran from St Lawrence and Ventnor to Shanklin, facilitating the journey to and from Ventnor.[124]
Bus services
Southern Vectis run buses on route 3 and 6 from Ventnor to destinations including Newport, Ryde, Sandown, Shanklin and Niton.[125] Additionally Island Minibus service run the local number 31 route which connects Ventnor to Bonchurch Village, the Botanic Garden and esplanade. Previously operated by Wightbus, the link to the esplanade was restored in 2011 after many years, despite suggestions that this would be impractical.[126]
Pedestrianisation
As of 2018, the Town Council is consulting about the possibility of pedestrianising part of the High Street and/or the Esplanade.[127]
Education
Ventnor now has one secondary, one primary and one special school:
- The Island Free School (secondary);
- St Francis Catholic and CofE Primary School Academy;
- St Catherine's School, a specialschool for pupils with speech and language difficulties.
Of the adult population in 2011, 25% had no qualifications,[85] slightly higher than the English average of 22%.[129] 24% had degree-level qualifications, compared to 27% in England.
Ventnor's library was founded as the Ventnor and Bonchurch Literary and Scientific Institution in 1848, moving into its current building in the High Street two years later. It has been part of the county library service since 1940. Nearly a third of residents are active members of the library, which also offers a music collection and open access computers, and a venue for both educational and cultural events.[130]
The town has a small heritage centre and museum, in a local shop purchased by the Local History Society in 1987. The museum's collection and archive documents Ventnor's growth and popularity during Victorian times.[131][132]