Vestfold
Vestfold County
Vestfold fylke | |
---|---|
Tønsberg | |
Government | |
• Body | Vestfold County Municipality |
• Governor (2022) | Fred-Ivar Syrstad (acting) |
• County mayor (2023) | Anne Strømøy (H) |
Area | |
• Total | 2,167.7 km2 (837.0 sq mi) |
• Land | 2,092.4 km2 (807.9 sq mi) |
• Water | 75.2 km2 (29.0 sq mi) 3.5% |
• Rank | #14 in Norway |
Population (2023) | |
• Total | 253,555 |
• Rank | #11 in Norway |
• Density | 121.2/km2 (314/sq mi) |
• Change (10 years) | ![]() |
Demonym | Vestfolding[1] |
Official language | |
• Norwegian form | Bokmål |
Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
• Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
ISO 3166 code | NO-39[3] |
Income (per capita) | 148,300 NOK kr (2001) |
GDP (per capita) | 219,970 NOK kr (2001) |
GDP national rank | #10 in Norway (3% of country) |
Website | Official website |
Vestfold (pronounced [ˈvɛ̂stfɔɫ] ) is a county and a current electoral district in Eastern Norway. Located on the western shore of the Oslofjord, it borders Buskerud and Telemark counties. The county administration is located in Tønsberg, Norway's oldest city,[4][5][6] and the largest city is Sandefjord. With the exception of the city-county of Oslo, Vestfold is the smallest county in Norway by area.[7] Vestfold was until 2019 the only county in which all municipalities had declared Bokmål to be their sole official written form of the Norwegian language.[8]
Vestfold is located west of the Oslofjord, as the name indicates. It includes many smaller, but well-known towns in Norway, such as Holmestrand, Horten, Åsgårdstrand, Tønsberg, Sandefjord, Larvik and Stavern; these towns run from Oslo in an almost constant belt of urban areas along the coast, ending in Grenland in neighbouring county Telemark. The river Numedalslågen runs through the county. Many islands are located at the coast. Vestfold is mostly dominated by lowland and is among the best agricultural areas of Norway. Winters last about three months, while pleasant summer temperatures last from May to September, with a July average high of 17 °C (63 °F).[9]
Vestfold is traditionally known for shipping and sailing. Sandefjord was formerly a headquarters for the Norwegian whaling fleet, and Horten used to be Norway's main naval port. The coastal towns of Vestfold now engage in fishing and shipbuilding. Some lumbering is carried on in the interior. The area also includes some of the best farmland in Norway.
Vestfold merged with neighboring Telemark County on 1 January 2020 as part of a nationwide municipal reform. The new county name was Vestfold og Telemark.[10][11] Vestfold county was re-established on 1 January 2024, following a vote of the county council of Vestfold og Telemark on 15 February 2022 to split the newly established county into its respective counties that existed before the merger took place; Telemark and Vestfold.
Etymology
Vestfold is the old name of the region which was revived in modern times. Fold was the old name of the
Vestfold Hills on Antarctica's Sørsdal Glacier is named after the county.
History
Viking history
Year | Pop. | ±% |
---|---|---|
1951 | 154,670 | — |
1961 | 174,382 | +12.7% |
1971 | 175,402 | +0.6% |
1981 | 186,691 | +6.4% |
1991 | 198,354 | +6.2% |
2001 | 215,030 | +8.4% |
2011 | 233,705 | +8.7% |
2021? | 262,777 | +12.4% |
2031? | 287,496 | +9.4% |
Source: Statistics Norway.[19] |
Vestfold is mentioned for the first time in a written source in 813, when Danish kings were in Vestfold to quell an uprising amongst the Fürsts [vague].[20] There may have been as many as six political centers in Vestfold. At that time Kaupang, which was located in Tjølling near Larvik, had been functioning for decades and had a chieftain. Kaupang, which dates from the Viking Age, is believed to be the first town in Norway, although Tønsberg (which dates from ca. 900) is the oldest town in Norway still in existence. At Borre, there was a site for another chieftain. That site held chieftains for more than one hundred years prior to 813.[21]
The stone mounds at
An English source from around 890 retells the voyage of
By the 10th century, the local kings had established themselves. The king or his ombudsman resided in the old Royal Court at Sæheim i Sem, today the Jarlsberg Estate (Jarlsberg Hovedgård) in Tønsberg. The farm Haugar (from Old Norse haugr meaning hill or mound) became the seat for Haugating, the Thing for Vestfold and one of Norway's most important place for the proclamation of kings.[25] [26] The family of
The Danish kings seem to have been weak in Vestfold from around the middle of the 9th century until the middle of the 10th century, but their rule was strengthened there at the end of the 10th century.[22] The Danish kings seem to have tried to control the region until the 13th century.[22]
Kings ruling some or all of Vestfold
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Halvdan_Svartes_saga-Tittelfrise-Gerhard_Munthe.jpg/280px-Halvdan_Svartes_saga-Tittelfrise-Gerhard_Munthe.jpg)
- Erik Agnarsson
- Halfdan Hvitbeinn (part of Vestfold)
- Eystein Halfdansson
- Halfdan the Mild
- Gudrød the Hunter
- Olaf Gudrødsson
- Ragnvald the Mountain-High, Cousin of Harold Fairhair
- Harald Fairhair
- Bjørn Farmann
- Olaf Haraldsson Geirstadalf, brother of Bjørn
- Harald Gudrødsson Grenske, 976–987
Whaling
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Sandefjord_Southern_Actor.jpg/220px-Sandefjord_Southern_Actor.jpg)
The largest settlement in South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, Grytviken, was established by Carl Anton Larsen of Sandefjord on 16 November 1904.[34][35] Sandefjordian Nils Larsen's expeditions to Antarctica in the early 20th century led to the Norwegian annexation of Bouvet Island (1927) and Peter I Island (1929). A cove on Peter I Island is named Sandefjord Cove in honor of Nils Larsen's hometown.[36][37]
Sandefjord Harbor is now home to Southern Actor, the only whale-catcher from the Modern Whaling Epoch still to be in its original order.[38][39][40] The museum ship is owned by Sandefjord Whaling Museum, Europe's only museum dedicated to whaling.[41][42][43] Sandefjord has been named the centre of the Modern Whaling Epoch,[44] and has been nicknamed "the whaling capital of the world."[45][46][47][48]
Geography
Vestfold is Norway's smallest county, with the exception of the city-county of
There is a total of 634 freshwater lakes in Vestfold, with a total area of 79 square kilometers. Large lakes include Farris, Eikeren, Goksjø, Hallevannet, Akersvannet, and others. Vestfold makes up 0.7 percent of Norway's total land area. Ten Norwegian municipalities are larger in size than Vestfold County.[50] As an example, Kautokeino Municipality in Finnmark County is over four times larger than Vestfold County. Finnmark county is 22 times larger than Vestfold county.
Geology
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Bj%C3%B8rnhodet%2C_Fuglevik_%2814424799377%29.jpg/220px-Bj%C3%B8rnhodet%2C_Fuglevik_%2814424799377%29.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/F%C3%A6rdernasjonalparksenter.jpg/220px-F%C3%A6rdernasjonalparksenter.jpg)
The county's soft soil is composed of varieties of moraine and sedimentary soils. The Ice Age left large parts of Vestfold below sea level, and the most cultivated soil can be found on the marine terraces. Marine clay and sand cover most of the lower lying country in the south-west and north. The Vestfold moraine, a continuation of the Østfold moraine at Moss, is an ice-formed formation which stretches as a cohesive gravel ridge through the county, from Horten in the east to Mølen in the south.[50]
Preserved areas
![Municipalities in Vestfold County](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Kommuner_i_Vestfold.png/200px-Kommuner_i_Vestfold.png)
Municipalities
Vestfold has experienced a large reduction in number of municipalities. As of 1949, the county was home to 19 rural municipalities and 7 city municipalities. There were 14 municipalities as of 2016, but the number decreased to 6 as of 2024. Vestfold has the least amount of municipalities of any county in Norway.
- Holmestrand Municipality
- Horten Municipality
- Tønsberg Municipality
- Færder Municipality
- Sandefjord Municipality
- Larvik Municipality
Towns and cities
- Holmestrand
- Horten
- Larvik
- Sandefjord
- Stavern
- Tønsberg
- Åsgårdstrand
Villages
- Andebu
- Barkåker
- Berger
- Bergsåsen
- Bjerkøya
- Bjørnevåg
- Borgheim
- Borre
- Brekkeåsen
- Buerstad
- Duken
- Eidsfoss
- Eik
- Eikeberg
- Fevang
- Fokserød
- Fon
- Freberg
- Føynland
- Gjone
- Glomstein
- Gretteåsen
- Grimestad
- Gullhaug
- Hafallen
- Helgeroa
- Hem
- Hof
- Hulebakk
- Husvik
- Husøy
- Hvasser
- Høyjord
- Hårkollen
- Kaupang
- Kjose
- Kjøpmannskjær
- Klever
- Kodal
- Kvelde
- Lahelle
- Linnestad
- Melsomvik
- Nesbrygga
- Nesbygda
- Nykirke
- Ormelet
- Oterbekk
- Ramnes
- Revetal
- Rånerudåsen
- Råstad
- Sande
- Selvik
- Sem
- Skallestad
- Skinmo
- Skjerve
- Skoppum
- Solløkka
- Solvang
- Stokke
- Storevar
- Strand
- Strengsdal
- Sundbyfoss
- Sundene
- Svarstad
- Svelvik
- Svinevoll
- Teie
- Tenvik
- Torød
- Ula
- Unneberg
- Valberg
- Vassås
- Vear
- Veierland
- Verdens Ende
- Verningen
- Vestskogen
- Vollen
- Årøysund
Parishes
- Andebu
- Arnadal (Arendal)
- Berg
- Borre
- Botne
- Brunlanes
- Fon
- Fredricksværn, see Stavern
- Hedrum
- Hem
- Hillestad
- Hof
- Holmestrand
- Horten
- Hvarnes
- Høyjord
- Kjose
- Kodal
- Konnerud
- Kvelde
- Langestrand
- Lardal
- Larvik
- Nykirke
- Nøtterøy
- Ramnes
- Sandar
- Sande
- Sandefjord
- Sandeherred, see Sandar
- Sankt Laurentii
- Sem
- Skjee
- Skoger
- Slagen
- Stavern
- Stokke
- Strømm (Strømmen)
- Strømsgodset
- Styrvoll
- Svarstad
- Svelvik
- Tanum
- Tjølling
- Tjøme
- Tønsberg
- Undrumsdal
- Valløy
- Vassås
- Vivestad
- Vor Frue (Maria)
- Våle
- Åsgårdstrand
- Larvik Branch (LDS, early-1927)
- Tønsberg Branch (LDS, early-1951)
- Larvik (Katolske Apostoliske, 1888–1963)
Former municipalities
- Andebu Municipality
- Borre Municipality
- Botne Municipality
- Brunlanes Municipality
- Hedrum Municipality
- Hof Municipality
- Lardal Municipality
- Nøtterøy Municipality
- Ramnes Municipality
- Sandar Municipality
- Sem Municipality
- Skoger Municipality
- Stavern Municipality
- Stokke Municipality
- Strømm Municipality
- Tjølling Municipality
- Tjøme Municipality
- Våle Municipality
- Åsgårdstrand Municipality
Political strength
Results from parliamentary elections in Vestfold County since 1973:[62][63]
Bold letters represent the alliances (Leftwing
Year | Ap
|
SV
|
Total | M | KrF
|
V
|
Sp
|
Total | M | H
|
Frp
|
Total | M |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1973 | 33,8 | 8,9 | 42,7 | 3 | 10,3 | 3,0 | 7,6 | 20,9 | 2 | 26,5 | 6,6 | 33,1 | 2 |
1977 | 39,8 | 2,6 | 42,4 | 3 | 10,2 | 2,8 | 7,2 | 20,2 | 1 | 33,7 | 2,0 | 35,7 | 3 |
1981 | 33,9 | 2,9 | 36,8 | 3 | 8,2 | 3,2 | 4,2 | 15,6 | 0 | 41,9 | 4,7 | 46,6 | 4 |
1985 | 35,4 | 4,0 | 39,4 | 3 | 7,0 | 2,7 | 4,4 | 14,1 | 1 | 40,9 | 4,8 | 45,7 | 3 |
1989 | 30,1 | 8,3 | 38,4 | 4 | 7,1 | 2,7 | 4,5 | 14,3 | 0 | 28,9 | 16,5 | 45,4 | 3 |
1993 | 35,4 | 6,5 | 41,9 | 3 | 6,9 | 2,7 | 13,2 | 22,8 | 1 | 23,1 | 10,3 | 33,2 | 3 |
1997 | 33,5 | 5,3 | 38,8 | 3 | 12,5 | 3,2 | 5,6 | 21,3 | 1 | 18,1 | 20,1 | 38,2 | 3 |
2001 | 21,6 | 11,6 | 33,2 | 3 | 11,0 | 2,8 | 3,3 | 17,1 | 1 | 25,5 | 18,7 | 44,2 | 4 |
2005 | 30,2 | 8,4 | 38,6 | 4 | 6,0 | 5,0 | 3,6 | 14,6 | 0 | 15,3 | 29,3 | 44,6 | 3 |
2009 | 33,7 | 6,5 | 40,2 | 4 | 4,7 | 3,0 | 3,2 | 10,9 | 0 | 19,6 | 27,2 | 46,8 | 3 |
2013 | 29,6 | 3,8 | 33,4 | 2 | 4,9 | 4,5 | 3,0 | 12,4 | 1 | 30,0 | 19,5 | 49,5 | 4 |
2017 | 28,0 | 5,0 | 33,0 | 2 | 3,7 | 3,8 | 6,3 | 13,8 | 1 | 30,1 | 16,9 | 47,0 | 4 |
Demographics
According to Statistics Norway, Vestfold County was home to 244,967 residents as of 1 January 2016.[66] Immigrants made up 11.9 percent of the population in 2017.[67] Most immigrants were from Poland (4,287 people), followed by Lithuania (2,794) and Iraq (1,549).[67] Despite its small size, Vestfold had the third-highest population density in Norway.[10] However, the population density may still have been considered low; as an example, the population density of the Netherlands was four times higher than that of Vestfold County in 1998.[50]
Sandefjord was the most populous city of Vestfold County;[38] one in four people from Vestfold were from Sandefjord, or 25.2 percent of the county population.[68]
Economy
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Sandefjord_Jotun_fabrikker_IMG_6040.jpg/220px-Sandefjord_Jotun_fabrikker_IMG_6040.jpg)
Traditional industries in Vestfold have included
Vestfold has Norway's most expensive vacation homes. Sandefjord had Norway's most expensive vacation homes in 2012, while Tjøme had the most expensive homes as of 2010.[72][73] General property values appreciated 28.3 percent between 2010 and 2015.[74]
Tourism
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Nevlunghavn_-_brygga.jpg/220px-Nevlunghavn_-_brygga.jpg)
Summer tourism is an important industry in Vestfold, particularly in coastal communities such as Sandefjord, Tjøme and Stavern. Coastal cities also have large numbers of vacation homes. There were 534,724 hotel stays in 2015, where the purpose was vacationing for 236,895. Most international tourists were from the United Kingdom, Sweden, and Denmark. There were 781,459 stays at rental cabins or campgrounds in 2015.[10] Consequentially, the population increases drastically during summer months in municipalities such as Sandefjord,[77] Tjøme, and elsewhere. The population at Tjøme goes from 4,500 to around 50,000 each summer.[78] The population of islands such as Tjøme often quadruple during summer,[79] while summer communities as Stavern often sees a doubling or tripling.[80] Tjøme Island is home to nearly as many vacation homes as residential homes.[81]
While Tjøme has the nickname Sommerøya ("the Summer Island"),
Vestfold's most visited tourist attractions include Borre mound cemetery, the largest burial site in Northern Europe, as well as numerous sites along the coast. Architectural sites include the villages of Åsgårdstrand, Karljohansvern in Horten, and Fredriksvern in Stavern. Other important attractions are Sandefjord Whaling Museum, Mølen Geopark in Larvik, as well as Tønsberg Fortress (Slottsfjellet) in Tønsberg.[10]
Largest companies
Largest companies in Vestfold County based on
No. | Company | Operating income in 2015 (in NOK) |
---|---|---|
1 | Jotun A/S | 16 844 327 |
2 | Komplett AS | 7 256 700 |
3 | Kongsberg Maritime AS | 6 957 840 |
4 | Asko Vestfold Telemark AS | 4 617 791 |
5 | Sykehuset i Vestfold HF | 4 595 010 |
Culture
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/H%C3%B8yjord_stavkirke_tak.jpg/220px-H%C3%B8yjord_stavkirke_tak.jpg)
Vestfold is the county in Norway with the most traces from the
Vestfold is home to 21 churches dating to
The city of
Transportation
The Vestfold Line is a railway line that runs from Drammen, through a number of towns in Vestfold and ending in the town of Skien in Telemark. European route E18 runs through the county roughly parallel to the railway.[50]
There are two international ferry connections, both operated by
Points of interest
Larvik
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Minnehallen-stavern.jpg/220px-Minnehallen-stavern.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Edvard_Munch%27s_house.jpg/220px-Edvard_Munch%27s_house.jpg)
- Kaupang, home to remains for the oldest Nordic town yet discovered. The remains are from one of Scandinavia's earliest urban sites, established in year 800 A.D.[118][119]
- UNESCO Global Geopark.
- Nevlunghavn and Helgeroa, adjacent coastal villages.
- Larvik Museum
- Fritzøehus, largest privately owned estate in Norway.[120][121][122]
- Stavern, small coastal town, home of Citadell Island
- Fredriksvern, Norway's main naval base from the mid-1750s until 1864.[80]
- Minnehallen (Hall of Remembrance), largest monument in Vestfold.[123]
Horten
- burial mound site in Northern Europe.[10]
- Løvøy Chapel
- Royal Norwegian Navy Museum
- Preus Museum
- Borre Church, romanesque medieval church constructed in the 1100s.[124]
- Tordenskioldeika
- Åsgårdstrand, oceanside resort town.[125][126]
- Borre Golfbane
Tønsberg and Færder
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Slottsfjellt%C3%A5rnet_TBG.jpg/220px-Slottsfjellt%C3%A5rnet_TBG.jpg)
- Tønsberg Fortress, largest ruin park in the Nordic countries.[128]
- Oseberg Mound, site of the discovery of the Oseberg Ship
- Haugar
- Tønsberg Cathedral
- Sem Church
- Slottsfjellmuseet
- Nordbyen
- World's End, southernmost point at Tjøme.[129]
- Herkelås
- Tjøme Church
Sandefjord
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Gokstadhaugen.jpg/220px-Gokstadhaugen.jpg)
- Sandefjord Museum (the Whaling Museum), Europe's only museum dedicated to whaling.[41][42][43]
- Gokstad Ship.
- Gaia ship, replica of the Gokstad Ship docked at Museum's Wharf.
- medievalstone church. Present church was erected in 1792.
- Whaler's Monument, rotating bronze monument erected in honor of pioneering whalers.
- Sandefjord Church
- Roman Iron Age around 1500-500 BCE.[18]
- Kurbadet, former resort spa and one of Europe's most visited baths in the late 19th century.[90]
- fortress erected in 1941 during the German occupation of Norway.[106]
- Høyjord Stave Church, the only stave church left in Vestfold County.[38]
- Langeby, popular bathing beach at West Island.
- Goksjø, third-largest lake in Vestfold County.
Archaeological sites
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Istreh%C3%A5gan%2C_Tj%C3%B8lling_%2814550732106%29.jpg/220px-Istreh%C3%A5gan%2C_Tj%C3%B8lling_%2814550732106%29.jpg)
Istrehågan
Borre National Park
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Redskaper_fra_Kaupang.jpg/220px-Redskaper_fra_Kaupang.jpg)
At
Borre mound cemetery most likely contains graves belonging to kings of the Yngling dynasty. It is mentioned in the poem Ynglingatal as the burial site of one of two kings belonging to the royal dynasty of the Ynglingas.[138]
Kaupang
Kaupang in Skiringssal (Larvik) is home to remains from the oldest Nordic town yet discovered.[119] It was a trade centre established around year 800, making it one of Scandinavia's earliest urban sites. The settlement was abandoned in the mid-10th century.[118] It is located in Kaupang Bay in Viksfjord, Larvik. Archeological finds include melting pots, jewelry parts, casting moulds and casting models.[139] Most of Kaupang remains not excavated.[140] There are replicas of Viking homes at Kaupang today, giving insight to how homes were constructed during the Viking Age.[141][142]
Oseberg Burial Mound
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Le_bateau_viking_dOseberg_%284835828216%29.jpg/170px-Le_bateau_viking_dOseberg_%284835828216%29.jpg)
Oseberg Mound is located in Tønsberg and is where the Oseberg Ship was discovered. The ship, which dates to 834 A.D., had a length of 22 metres (72 ft). Two female skeletons were found in the ship's burial chamber.[143]
Viking burial site at Gulli
Gulli, outside Tønsberg, was the site of an archaeological excavation during the period from 2003 to 2004, prior to asphalt being laid for constructing the new E18 (road).[144] There were 60 graves - 20 of those were preserved to a degree that [authorities decided] permitted examinations.[144] "Perhaps the most spectacular [item] was a høvre" - used with a horse's harness. "There are few of those in Norway - one in Trøndelag and a gilded one found in Borre".[144] The artifacts are on display at the Midgard Historical Centre in Borre.[145] [146]
Fevang
19th century archeologists were struck by the many burial mounds and artifacts discovered at Fevang near
Gokstad Mound
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Gokstad.jpg/220px-Gokstad.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Moelen_Larvik.jpg/220px-Moelen_Larvik.jpg)
The ship, which is the largest found in Norway, is currently located at the Viking Ship Museum in Oslo. The 23.8 metres (78 ft) ship was buried along with numerous gifts, including weapons, jewels, a gaming board, fish-hooks, 64 shields, six beds, three smaller boats and kitchen utensils. Twelve horses, eight dogs, two goshawks and two peacocks were also discovered in the grave.[152][153]
Interpretive signs have been put up at the mound and Gaia, an exact replica of the Gokstad Ship, can be seen on Museum's Wharf at Sandefjord Harbor.[154]
Mølen
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Gravhaug.jpg/220px-Gravhaug.jpg)
The
Bøkeskogen
Besides being the largest
Recreation
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Moelen3.jpg/220px-Moelen3.jpg)
At least 238 kilometers of coastal hiking trails can be found in Vestfold County, from
Fauna
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Lynx_lynx2.jpg/170px-Lynx_lynx2.jpg)
Vestfold's fauna includes species such as the
The Harbor seal is the most commonly observed species of seal in Vestfold, and it was estimated to be at minimum 183 seals in Vestfold as of August 2014.[170][171] Dolphins are uncommon, however, a Common bottlenose dolphin was observed by Nøtterøy in 2014,[172] and a Striped dolphin was observed the same summer at Helgeroa in Larvik.[173]
Vestfold has a rich
Wildlife refuge
Besides being an
Wildlife preserves include Melsom- and
In popular culture
Although not filmed in Vestfold, the City of Tønsberg appears in the films Thor (2011) and also in Captain America: The First Avenger (2011), and in Avengers: Endgame[185]
Some films shot in Vestfold include:
- Baadshah (1999), Tønsberg[190]
- Christmas Blood ("Juleblod") (2017), Tønsberg and Sandefjord.[191]
- Wisting (2018– ), Larvik and Sandefjord.[192]
- Nonni and Manni (1988–89), Horten.[193]
- Head Above Water (1993), filmed at East Island in Sandefjord.[194][195]
- Deadline Torp (2005), movie based on the 1994 Torp hostage crisis, filmed in Sandefjord and Larvik.[196]
- Valfångare (1939), Sandefjord.[197]
- Den starkaste (1929), Sandefjord.[198]
Gallery
-
Borre National Park in Horten
-
The Oseberg Ship was discovered in Tønsberg.
-
Town centre in Stavern
-
Citadellet, 19th-century fortress in Stavern
References
- ^ "Navn på steder og personer: Innbyggjarnamn" (in Norwegian). Språkrådet.
- ^ "Forskrift om målvedtak i kommunar og fylkeskommunar" (in Norwegian). Lovdata.no.
- Store norske leksikon (in Norwegian). Kunnskapsforlaget.
- ISBN 978-0470972427.
- ISBN 9780756693305.
- ISBN 978-1742202075.
- ^ "VESTFOLD COUNTY". urbact.eu. European exchange and learning programme promoting sustainable urban development. 10 January 2017. Retrieved 23 January 2021.
- ^ Vestfold County (Vestfold University College) Archived 22 October 2010 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ institutt, NRK og Meteorologisk. "Yr – Climate statistics Tønsberg (Vestfold)". yr.no. Archived from the original on 13 March 2016.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Lundbo, Sten (3 June 2019). "Vestfold". Archived from the original on 12 June 2018. Retrieved 6 June 2019 – via Great Norwegian Encyclopedia.
- ^ "Nå er Telemark og Vestfold slått sammen". www.ta.no. 8 June 2017.
- ^ "County Vestfold". gonorway.no. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016.
- ^ Munch, Peter Andreas (1849). Historisk-geographisk beskrivelse over kongeriget Norge (Noregsveldi) i middelalderen. W. Gram. pp. 168–179.
- ^ Vol. XIII: A History Of Norway And The Passion And Miracles of the Blessed Óláfr Archived 21 February 2016 at the Wayback Machine Anthony Faulkes and Richard Perkins (Viking Society for Northern Research), p. 128)
- ^ Vestfold - gammelt navn Archived 18 October 2016 at the Wayback Machine, snl.no
- ^ Sødal, Hedda (24 September 2009). "Fant 1000 år gammel fot". Aftenposten.
- ^ Martin, Will. "Sharks, otters, and a man playing rugby: These are the 6 most beautiful banknotes in the world right now". Business Insider. Archived from the original on 4 July 2019. Retrieved 6 June 2019.
- ^ a b c "Rock carvings and standing stones at Haugen Farm". www.visitvestfold.com.
- ^ "Projected population - Statistics Norway". Archived from the original on 23 October 2013. Retrieved 6 June 2019.
- ^ Bjørn Brandlien (5 October 2015). "Var Vestfold Norges vugge?". Klassekampen. p. 10.
- ^ "Tønsberg - the oldest town in Norway". www.visitnorway.com. Archived from the original on 22 May 2014.
- ^ a b c d e f Bjørn Brandlien (5 October 2015). "Var Vestfold Norges vugge?". Klassekampen. p. 11.
- ^ "Vestvågøy Theme 9 of Travels in Time". www.travels-in-time.net. Archived from the original on 8 July 2015.
- ^ "Ottar". Norsk biografisk leksikon. Archived from the original on 8 December 2015. Retrieved 29 November 2015.
- ^ Terje Bratberg. "Jarlsberg". Great Norwegian Encyclopedia. Archived from the original on 8 December 2015. Retrieved 25 November 2015.
- ^ Geir Thorsnæs. "Haugar – Tønsberg". Great Norwegian Encyclopedia. Archived from the original on 8 December 2015. Retrieved 25 November 2015.
- ^ ISBN 9788292284070.
- ^ Tore, Sandberg and Cato Arveschoug (2001). Sandefjord zoomet inn av fotograf Tore Sandberg. C. Arveschoug and Magne Helland. Page 40. ISBN 9788299616706.
- ^ Tollnes, Ivar and Olaf Akselsen (1994). Sandefjord: Den lille storbyen. Sandefjords Blad. Page 103. ISBN 9788299070447.
- ^ ISBN 9780520039735.
- ISBN 9780520039735.
- ISBN 9789991865256.
- ISBN 9780520039735.
- ISBN 9780521424745.
- ^ "The Beginnings – Hvalfangstmuseet". Archived from the original on 12 June 2018. Retrieved 16 June 2018.
- ^ "Andre "Norvegia"- ekspedisjon med kaptein Nils Larsen og dr. Ole Olstad besøkte Bouvetøya og gjennomførte den første landingen på Peter I Øy 2. februar 1929. Øya ble annektert for Norge, offisielt anerkjent ved kgl. res. 1. mai 1931. -". www.polarhistorie.no. Archived from the original on 8 February 2019. Retrieved 16 June 2018.
- ^ "Lars Christensen -". Archived from the original on 21 December 2018. Retrieved 16 June 2018.
- ^ a b c d e f g Lundbo, Sten (26 April 2019). "Sandefjord". Archived from the original on 11 May 2019. Retrieved 6 June 2019 – via Great Norwegian Encyclopedia.
- ^ a b c "The Whale catcher Southern Actor". www.visitvestfold.com.
- ^ a b c "The Whale catcher Southern Actor". www.visitnorway.com. Archived from the original on 12 June 2018. Retrieved 10 June 2018.
- ^ ISBN 9780861904242.
- ^ a b "The Whaling Museum". Visitvestfold.com. Archived from the original on 9 December 2017. Retrieved 28 December 2017.
- ^ a b "Hvalfangstmuseet". Hvalfangstmuseet.no. Archived from the original on 26 January 2018. Retrieved 28 December 2017.
- ISBN 9788293407294.
- ^ Engel, Lyle Kenyon (1963). Scandinavia: A Simon & Schuster Travel Guide. Cornerstone Library. Page 145.
- ISBN 978-1786717580.
- ISBN 9781400016143.
- ISBN 82-90636-00-8.
- ^ Lundbo, Sten (10 January 2018). "Tjøme". Archived from the original on 14 May 2019. Retrieved 6 June 2019 – via Great Norwegian Encyclopedia.
- ^ ISBN 9788290636017.
- ^ a b Ryland, Julie. "This is Norway's new national park". The Norway Post. Archived from the original on 12 June 2018. Retrieved 10 June 2018.
- ^ "Visitor Center Færder National Park". www.visitnorway.com.
- ^ a b Ryvarden, Leif; Lundbo, Sten; Askheim, Svein (6 November 2018). "Færder nasjonalpark". Archived from the original on 24 May 2019. Retrieved 6 June 2019 – via Great Norwegian Encyclopedia.
- ^ "Færder Nasjonalpark – Come closer Go Færder". ferdernasjonalpark.no. Archived from the original on 12 June 2018. Retrieved 10 June 2018.
- ^ "Mølen | The Coast, Norway The Coast". www.lonelyplanet.com.
- ^ a b "Mølen". Atlas Obscura. Archived from the original on 12 June 2018. Retrieved 6 June 2019.
- ^ "Mølen". www.gonorway.com. Archived from the original on 12 June 2018. Retrieved 11 June 2018.
- ^ "Åpnet Geopark på Mølen og i Lardal". www.op.no. 16 June 2008.
- ^ a b "MØLEN". VESTFOLD GUIDE. Archived from the original on 12 June 2018. Retrieved 11 June 2018.
- ^ https://issuu.com/visitvestfold/docs/visit_larvik_2018-2019_web[permanent dead link] (Page 26).
- ^ a b "Mølen". www.visitvestfold.com.
- ^ "Publikasjoner fra Statistisk sentralbyrå". Statistics Norway. Archived from the original on 31 July 2019. Retrieved 6 June 2019.
- ^ "Norwegian Directorate of Elections: Results in 2017 in Vestfold County". Archived from the original on 25 October 2017. Retrieved 10 June 2018.
- ^ "Statistikkbanken". Archived from the original on 16 July 2012. Retrieved 11 October 2010.
- ^ "Statistics Norway - Members of religious and life stance communities outside the Church of Norway, by religion/life stance. County. 2006-2010". Archived from the original on 2 November 2011.
- ^ "Mannsoverskotet auka òg i 2015". ssb.no. Archived from the original on 12 June 2018. Retrieved 10 June 2018.
- ^ a b "Statistikk". IMDi. Archived from the original on 11 April 2019. Retrieved 10 June 2018.
- ^ "Nå teller vi 62.622 innbyggere". Sandefjords Blad. 30 April 2018.
- ISBN 9781134906598.
- ^ "Increased sales, but weaker results for Jotun | Jotun". Archived from the original on 12 June 2018. Retrieved 10 June 2018.
- ^ "Jotun suffers drop in profit". TradeWinds | Latest shipping and maritime news. 4 June 2018. Archived from the original on 12 June 2018. Retrieved 6 June 2019.
- ^ "Norges dyreste hytteområde har en gjennomsnittpris på 7,1 millioner kroner". www.abcnyheter.no. 27 December 2012.
- ^ "Eiendom Norge". eiendomnorge.no. Archived from the original on 7 June 2018. Retrieved 10 June 2018.
- ^ Hoemsnes, Anita (6 May 2015). "Her har boligprisene steget mest - og minst de siste årene". www.dn.no.
- ISBN 978-8299606912.
- ISBN 9788290636017.
- ISBN 9788241202841.
- ^ "VISIT TJØME". VISIT TJØME. Archived from the original on 12 June 2018. Retrieved 11 June 2018.
- ^ a b c "Tønsberg - the oldest town in Norway". www.visitnorway.com. Archived from the original on 22 May 2014. Retrieved 10 June 2018.
- ^ ISBN 9781465432469.
- ^ "Fare for lokalpolitisk havari i nye Færder kommune?". www.tb.no. 7 February 2017.
- ^ "VISIT TJØME — TJØME". VISIT TJØME. Archived from the original on 12 June 2018. Retrieved 11 June 2018.
- ^ "Kliner til på kyssebenken". www.tb.no. 5 August 2011.
- ISBN 9781400016143.
- ISBN 9781400016426.
- ISBN 9781400016143.
- ISBN 9781569520499.
- ^ "Sandefjords Historie – Sandefjordby.no". Archived from the original on 18 April 2018. Retrieved 16 December 2018.
- ISBN 9781297731068.
- ^ ISBN 9788241202841.
- ^ "Her er Vestfolds 250 største bedrifter". www.vestviken24.no. 21 October 2016. Archived from the original on 27 October 2016. Retrieved 6 June 2019.
- ISBN 9788290636017.
- ^ "Vestfold - Viking heritage and seaside recreation in the Oslo region". www.visitnorway.com. Archived from the original on 12 June 2018. Retrieved 10 June 2018.
- ^ "Vestfoldguide — Vikinger". Vestfoldguide. Archived from the original on 13 June 2018. Retrieved 13 June 2018.
- ^ "Vikingveien i Vestfold - Artikler - visitvestfold.com". www.visitvestfold.com. Archived from the original on 13 June 2018. Retrieved 13 June 2018.
- ^ "Sandefjord - In the footsteps of the Vikings". www.visitnorway.com. Archived from the original on 12 June 2018. Retrieved 10 June 2018.
- ^ "The Whaling Museum Sandefjord or Hvalfangstmuseet) - Viking Ship Museum, the whale ship "Southern Actor", development of whales and whaling from primitive ustensils to floating cookeries - South/East Norway Tourism and Vacation". Archived from the original on 10 October 2016. Retrieved 10 June 2018.
- ^ "Hvalfangstmuseet".
- ISBN 978-82-994567-5-3.
- ^ "Bryggekapellet". www.visitvestfold.com.
- ^ Solholm, Rolleiv. "The world's only floating church?". The Norway Post. Archived from the original on 12 June 2018. Retrieved 10 June 2018.
- ISBN 9788292916148.
- ^ "Tønsberg". www.gonorway.no. Archived from the original on 8 March 2010. Retrieved 10 June 2018.
- ^ "Tønsberg | Norway". Encyclopedia Britannica. Archived from the original on 12 June 2018. Retrieved 10 June 2018.
- ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 12 June 2018. Retrieved 10 June 2018.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ a b "Hiking". Archived from the original on 12 June 2018. Retrieved 16 December 2018.
- ISBN 9780679019596.
- ^ "Sandefjord". www.gonorway.no. Archived from the original on 19 June 2018. Retrieved 10 June 2018.
- ^ "Airport train and bus service | Airport train | Airport bus | vy.no". www.vy.no.
- ^ "Rekordsommer på TORP!". Torp.no. Archived from the original on 13 December 2017. Retrieved 28 December 2017.
- ISBN 9780312387082.
- ^ "Torp Sandefjord Airport". Visitoslo.com. Archived from the original on 11 December 2017. Retrieved 28 December 2017.
- ^ "Sandefjord wants your business to succeed". Sandefjord.no. Archived from the original on 9 December 2017. Retrieved 28 December 2017.
- ISBN 9788290636017.
- ^ a b "The Beech Forest". www.visitvestfold.com.
- ^ ISBN 978-1742202075.
- ISBN 9783831746248.
- ^ ISBN 978-8779342590.
- ^ ISBN 978-1780052106.
- ^ Aadnevik, Kjell-Einar (2019). Turguide til Larvik og Omegn. Dreyers forlag. Page 92. ISBN 9788282654418.
- ^ "Fritzøehus". www.op.no. 18 October 2014.
- ^ "Fritzøehus - Norges største privatbolig". Stavernguiden.no. Archived from the original on 11 March 2018. Retrieved 6 June 2019.
- ^ "Minnehallen". Stavernguiden.no. Archived from the original on 10 July 2018. Retrieved 6 June 2019.
- ^ "Borre Church". www.visitnorway.com. Archived from the original on 28 June 2018. Retrieved 28 June 2018.
- ISBN 9780679015581.
- ISBN 9780995893962.
- ISBN 9788292284070.
- ^ "Castle Rock Tower". www.visitnorway.com. Archived from the original on 12 June 2018. Retrieved 11 June 2018.
- ^ "Verdens Ende - "The World's End"". www.visitnorway.com. Archived from the original on 11 July 2018. Retrieved 6 June 2019.
- ISBN 9788299616706.
- ^ ISBN 9788299456753.
- ISBN 978-8299606912.
- ISBN 9780995893962.
- ISBN 9788241202841.
- ^ https://www.visitvestfold.com/Images/Bilder%20Visit%20Vestfold/Vestfold/Dokumenter/viking_trail_engelsk_web_951579.pdf Archived 12 June 2018 at the Wayback Machine (Page 8).
- ISBN 9788292284070.
- ^ Bergljot Solberg. "Borrehaugene". Great Norwegian Encyclopedia. Archived from the original on 8 December 2015. Retrieved 25 November 2015.
- ISBN 9780851153612.
- ^ Doksrød, av: Anne. "Kaupang".
- ^ "Kaupang Viking Town". www.visitnorway.com. Archived from the original on 12 June 2018. Retrieved 11 June 2018.
- ^ https://issuu.com/visitvestfold/docs/visit_larvik_2018-2019_web[permanent dead link] (Page 23).
- ^ "Kaupang Viking Town". www.visitvestfold.com.
- ^ "Osebergfunnet". 13 December 2018. Archived from the original on 18 May 2019. Retrieved 6 June 2019 – via Great Norwegian Encyclopedia.
- ^ a b c Bjørn Brandlien (5 October 2015). "En ganske vanlig mann". Klassekampen. p. 11.
- ^ "Welcome to Midgard – the World of the Vikings!". Midgard Historical Centre. Archived from the original on 4 February 2016. Retrieved 25 November 2015.
- ^ "Entombed – Viking burial customs at Gulli". Midgard Historical Centre. 30 January 2011. Archived from the original on 8 December 2015. Retrieved 25 November 2015.
- ^ "The burial mounds of Fevang". www.visitvestfold.com.
- ^ "Fevang". Vestfold fylkeskommune. Archived from the original on 27 June 2018. Retrieved 6 June 2019.
- ISBN 9788241202841.
- ^ "The Gokstad mound". www.visitnorway.com. Archived from the original on 12 June 2018. Retrieved 10 June 2018.
- ISBN 978-82-994567-5-3.
- ^ "The Gokstad grave - Museum of Cultural History". www.khm.uio.no. Archived from the original on 2 May 2019. Retrieved 6 June 2019.
- ^ "Gokstad Ship". penelope.uchicago.edu.
- ISBN 9788241202841.
- ISBN 9788290636017.
- ^ a b Thorsnæs, Geir; Lundbo, Sten; Mæhlum, Lars (20 April 2019). "Larvik". Archived from the original on 12 June 2018. Retrieved 6 June 2019 – via Great Norwegian Encyclopedia.
- ISBN 9788293057222.
- ISBN 9788293057222.
- ^ https://issuu.com/visitvestfold/docs/visit_larvik_2018-2019_web[permanent dead link] (Page 73).
- ISBN 9783770167326.
- ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 December 2017. Retrieved 17 June 2018.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ "Bøkeskogen | Larvik, Norway Attractions". www.lonelyplanet.com. Archived from the original on 17 June 2018. Retrieved 17 June 2018.
- ^ "– Gaupa er ikke farlig". www.tb.no. 21 March 2012.
- ^ "Viltnemnda: Rådyr trolig drept av gaupe". www.tb.no. 20 March 2012.
- ^ "Skjøt 20-kilos gaupe - skal lage øreringer av tennene". www.nordlys.no. 2 March 2014.
- ^ a b "Gaupe i Sandefjord". NRK. 6 August 2004.
- ^ a b "(+) Spor etter gaupe i Veggeskogen". Sandefjords Blad. 3 February 2016.
- ^ "Vilt - Miljødirektoratet". Miljødirektoratet/Norwegian Environment Agency. Archived from the original on 10 May 2019. Retrieved 6 June 2019.
- ^ "Ulv trolig oppdaget i Sandefjord". www.tb.no. 4 December 2013.
- ^ https://prosjekt.fylkesmannen.no/Documents/Jomfruland/Dokument/Rapporter/Minirapport%20om%20sel%20i%20forbindelse%20med%20arbeidet%20med%20Jomfruland%20nasjonalpark.pdf Archived 12 June 2018 at the Wayback Machine (Page 2).
- ^ "15 steinkobber skal skytes". Sandefjords Blad. 22 December 2014.
- ^ "Her får Jon en opplevelse han sent vil glemme". www.tb.no. 20 August 2014.
- ^ Rismyhr, Susann J. (14 July 2014). "Se delfin på svømmetur". NRK. Archived from the original on 15 September 2015. Retrieved 11 June 2018.
- ^ Skei, Jon Kristian; Knutsen, Espen (16 May 2019). "hoggorm". Archived from the original on 24 May 2019. Retrieved 6 June 2019 – via Great Norwegian Encyclopedia.
- ISBN 9788293057222.
- ^ Thorsnæs, Geir; Lundbo, Sten (5 March 2019). "Svelvik". Archived from the original on 21 May 2019. Retrieved 6 June 2019 – via Great Norwegian Encyclopedia.
- ^ a b "Vestfoldguide — Mølen rullesteinstrand". Vestfoldguide. Archived from the original on 12 June 2018. Retrieved 11 June 2018.
- ^ a b Meek, Ntb Tore (27 December 2013). "Løsning for omstridte bølger". Aftenposten.
- ^ Mæhlum, Lars (11 June 2018). "Mølen – i Larvik". Archived from the original on 12 June 2018. Retrieved 6 June 2019 – via Great Norwegian Encyclopedia.
- ^ Nord, Einar and Gunnar Christie Wasberg (1999). Magiske Mølen. Larvik og omegns turistforening. Page 85. ISBN 8299524903.
- ^ "Hemskilen naturreservat - Fylkesmannen i Vestfold". Archived from the original on 15 June 2018. Retrieved 27 June 2018.
- ^ "Naturbase faktaark". faktaark.naturbase.no. Archived from the original on 27 June 2018. Retrieved 6 June 2019.
- ^ "Marøyskjæra fuglefredningsområde - Fylkesmannen i Vestfold". Archived from the original on 12 June 2018. Retrieved 27 June 2018.
- ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). www.fylkesmannen.no. Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 June 2018. Retrieved 30 June 2022.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ "Captain America: The First Avenger". 11 August 2011. Archived from the original on 16 June 2018. Retrieved 16 June 2018.
- ^ Bøe, Henrik (30 October 2017). "Spiller inn storfilm utenfor Tønsberg". NRK. Archived from the original on 16 December 2017. Retrieved 16 June 2018.
- ^ Lindblad, Knut-Eirik (1 November 2017). "Spiller inn Netflix-film om 22. juli på datterens ferieparadis: - Får Marias død midt i fleisen". Dagbladet.no.
- ^ "– Det er ofte i de private samlingene de virkelige skattene finnes". www.op.no. 5 January 2017.
- ^ "Helt kanon i 30 år". www.oa.no. 20 July 2013.
- ^ "Filming Location Matching "Tønsberg, Norway" (Sorted by Popularity Ascending)". IMDb.
- ^ "Christmas Blood (2017) - IMDb" – via www.imdb.com.
- ^ "Wisting (TV Series 2019– ) - IMDb" – via www.imdb.com.
- ^ "Nonni and Manni (TV Series 1988– ) - IMDb". Archived from the original on 19 July 2009. Retrieved 6 June 2019 – via www.imdb.com.
- ^ Davidsen, Roger (2008). Et sted i Sandefjord: lokalhistorisk stedsnavnsleksikon. Sandar historielag. Page 74. ISBN 9788299456753.
- ^ "Head Above Water". Archived from the original on 8 September 2019. Retrieved 6 June 2019 – via www.imdb.com.
- ^ "Deadline Torp (TV Movie 2005) - IMDb". Archived from the original on 25 February 2014. Retrieved 6 June 2019 – via www.imdb.com.
- ^ "Valfångare". Archived from the original on 9 February 2017. Retrieved 6 June 2019 – via www.imdb.com.
- ^ "Den starkaste (1929) - IMDb" – via www.imdb.com.
- ISBN 9788292284070.
- ISBN 9788292284070.
- ISBN 9788282654418.
- ISBN 9788292916148.
External links
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png)