Yehuda Liebes

Professor Emeritus Yehuda Liebes
יהודה ליבס‎
Liebes in 2012
Born	1947 (age 76–77) Jerusalem, Mandatory Palestine
Nationality	Israeli
Known for	Kabbalah scholarship
Spouse	Esther
Children	3
Awards	Israel Prize (2017)
Academic background
Education	PhD, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 1976
Thesis	Peraḳim be-milon sefer ha-Zohar (Chapters in the Dictionary of the Book of the Zohar) (1976)
Doctoral advisor	Gershom Scholem
Academic work
Institutions	Hebrew University of Jerusalem
Main interests	Kabbalah, Zohar, Jewish myth, Sabbateanism
Website	http://liebes.huji.ac.il/

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Yehuda Liebes (

Yehuda Liebes was born in Jerusalem.^[1] His father, Joseph Gerhard Liebes (1910–1988), a noted Hebrew translator of classic literature, left his native Germany at the age of 18 to study at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. He returned to his homeland to continue his education, but was expelled from his university due to the Nuremberg Laws. He then undertook agricultural training in Latvia with a Zionist movement. There he married his first wife, with whom he settled in Pardes Hanna in Mandatory Palestine and had two daughters before they divorced. In 1941 Liebes married his second wife, Mira, a native of Riga who had grown up in Berlin.^[2] They had two children, a daughter (Tamar, today head of the Department of Communications at Hebrew University) and a son (Yehuda).^[2] On his mother's side, Liebes was a cousin of Israeli intellectual Yeshayahu Leibowitz.^[2]

Liebes was acquainted with

Liebes graduated from the

In 1967, Liebes began his studies at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem.[1] After earning undergraduate and graduate degrees, he pursued his doctoral research under Scholem.^[4][5] Scholem gave Liebes access to handwritten note cards he had prepared for a lexicon of Zohar terminology that he never wrote,^[5] and Liebes submitted his dissertation on Peraḳim be-milon sefer ha-Zohar (Chapters in the Dictionary of the Book of the Zohar) (1976).^[2]

Liebes and his wife, Dr. Esther Liebes, have three children. In 1977, after he completed his doctorate, they joined the nucleus of the new

Liebes identifies politically with the right wing of Israeli politics and religiously with Religious Zionism.^[2]

Academic career

Liebes began lecturing in the Hebrew University's Department of Jewish Thought in 1971. He became a full professor in 1993.^[2] His course subjects include Kabbalah, Jewish myth, and the Zohar.^[1] He has also taught on Zohar at the University of Chicago.^[1]

Liebes is considered a leading scholar of Kabbalah.

Liebes has also translated Greek, Latin, and Arabic religious poetry into Hebrew.[1]^[2]

Views and opinions

Challenging the traditional ascription of the Zohar to the 2nd-century disciples of Shimon bar Yochai in Israel, Liebes asserts that a group of 13th-century Spanish Kabbalists, which included Moses de León, composed the work, each reflecting his own approach to Kabbalah.^[4] Liebes claims that the Ketem Paz on the Zohar and the Kabbalistic hymn Bar Yochai were written by two different authors with similar names, not the one Shimon Lavi who is traditionally credited with authoring both works.^[11] Liebes also finds Christian and Sabbatean inspiration in the ideas of Rebbe Nachman of Breslov^[4] and, at the same time, Sabbatean influences on the disciples of the Vilna Gaon who opposed Hasidism.^[2]

Liebes angered National Religious Jews in Israel when he claimed to find a Christian allusion in the Amidah, the central prayer of the Jewish liturgy. Liebes asserted that the conclusion of the 14th blessing, "keren yeshua" ("horn of salvation") refers not to David, but to Jesus (Yeshua in Hebrew).^[2]

Liebes publishes in Hebrew and has expressed opposition to the study of Jewish thought in English. He has allowed only a few of his works to be translated into English, in conjunction with his academic degree and tenure.^[2]

Awards and recognition

Liebes received the 1997

• חטאו של אלישע: ארבעה שנכנסו לפרדס וטבעה של המיסטיקה התלמודית [The Sin of Elisha: Four Entered the Orchard and the Nature of Talmudic Mysticism] (in Hebrew). Hebrew University of Jerusalem. 1986.
• מחקרי שבתאות [Sabbatean Studies] (in Hebrew). Am Oved. 1991. (with Gershom Scholem)
• סוד האמונה השבתאית: קובץ מאמרים [The Secret of the Sabbatean Faith: A Collection of Articles] (in Hebrew). Mosad Byaliḳ. 1995.
• תורת היצירה של ספר היצירה [The Creative Theory of the Book of Creation] (in Hebrew). Tel Aviv. 2000.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
• עלילות אלהים: המיתוס היהודי, מסות ומחקרים [The Words of God: The Jewish Myth, Essays and Studies] (in Hebrew). Karmel. 2008.
• פולחן השחר: יחס הזוהר לעבודה זרה [The Cult of the Dawn: The Attitude of the Zohar Towards Idolatry] (in Hebrew). Karmel. 2011.
• Studies in Jewish Myth and Messianism. SUNY Press. 2012.
  ISBN 978-1438410852
  .
• Studies in the Zohar. SUNY Press. 2012.
  ISBN 978-1438410845
  .
• לצבי ולגאון: משבתי צבי אל הגאון מווילנא : קובץ מחקרים [To Tsvi and the Gaon: From Shabbetai Tsvi to the Gaon of Vilna: A collection of studies] (in Hebrew). Idra. 2017.