Çeşme
Çeşme | |
---|---|
District and municipality | |
Coordinates: 38°19′25″N 26°18′10″E / 38.32361°N 26.30278°E | |
Country | Turkey |
Province | İzmir |
Government | |
• Mayor | Lal Denizli (CHP) |
Area | 285 km2 (110 sq mi) |
Elevation | 5 m (16 ft) |
Population (2022)[1] | 48,924 |
• Density | 170/km2 (440/sq mi) |
Time zone | UTC+3 (TRT) |
Postal code | 35980 |
Area code | 0232 |
Website | www |
Çeşme (Turkish: [ˈtʃeʃme]) is a municipality and district of İzmir Province, Turkey.[2] Its area is 285 km2,[3] and its population is 48,924 (2022).[1] It sits at Turkey's westernmost end, on a promontory on the tip of the peninsula that also carries the same name and that extends inland to form a whole with the wider Urla-Karaburun-Çeşme Peninsula. It is a popular holiday resort and the district center, where two thirds of the district population is concentrated. Çeşme is located 85 km west of İzmir, the largest metropolitan center in Turkey's Aegean Region. There is a six-lane highway connecting the two cities (Otoyol 32). Çeşme district has two neighboring districts, Karaburun to the north and Urla to the east, both of which are also part of İzmir Province. The name "Çeşme" means "fountain" and possibly draws reference from the many Ottoman fountains that are scattered across the city.
Name
Turkish sources always cited the town and the region as Çeşme (or Cheshme) which is originally a Persian word since the first settlement 2 km south of the present-day center (Çeşmeköy) founded by Tzachas and pursued for some time by his brother Yalvaç before an interlude until the 14th century. The name Çeşme means "spring, fountain" in Persian (چشمه) and possibly draws reference from the many Ottoman fountains scattered across the city.
History
The urban center and the port of the region in antiquity was at
Most probably, the ancient Greek polis of Boutheia (Βούθεια or Βουθία in ancient Greek) was situated in Çeşme. In the 5th century BC, Boutheia was a dependency of Erythrae and paid tribute to Athens as a member of the Delian League.[4]
The town of Çeşme itself experienced its golden age in the
Çeşme regained some its former lustre starting with the beginning of the 19th century, when its own products, notably
Archaeology
In January 2021, archaeologists headed by Elif Koparal, announced the discovery of the ruins of a 2500 year-old temple of Aphrodite from the 5th century BC. Among other findings in and around the temple, they found a statue piece depicting a woman, a terracotta female head and an inscription that reads, "This is the sacred area". The traces of the temple were first excavated in 2016.[7][8][9][10]
The region
A prized location of country houses and secondary residences especially for the well-to-do inhabitants of İzmir for more than a century, Çeşme perked up considerably in recent decades to become one of Turkey's most prominent centers of international tourism. Many hotels, marinas, clubs, restaurants, boutique hotels, family accommodation possibilities (pansiyon) and other facilities for visitors are found in Çeşme center and in its surrounding towns and villages and the countryside, as well as very popular beaches.
Çeşme district has one depending township with own municipal administration,
Preparations such as
In relation to tourism, it is common for the resorts along Çeşme district's 90 km coastline to be called by the name of their beaches or coves or the visitor's facilities and attractions they offer, as in Şifne (
The town of Çeşme lies across a strait facing the Greek island of Chios, which is only a few miles' away. There are regular ferry connections between the two locations, as well as larger ferries from and to Italy (Ancona, Bari, and Brindisi), used extensively by Turks living in Germany returning for their summer holidays.
The town
The town itself is dominated by Çeşme Castle. While the castle is recorded to have been considerably extended and strengthened during the reign of Ottoman sultan
A few paces south of the castle, there is an Ottoman
Composition
There are 25
Ilıca
Ilıca is a large resort area 5 km east of Çeşme to which it is attached administratively, although it bears aspects of a township apart in many of its characteristics. It is famed for its
Ilıca started out as a distinct settlement towards the end of the 19th century, initially as a retreat for wealthy people, especially from İzmir and during summer holidays. Today, it is a popular destination for many. Mentioned by Pausanias and Charles Texier, Ilıca thermal springs, which extend well into the sea, are also notable in Turkey for having been the subject of the first scientifically based analysis in Turkish language of a thermal spring, published in 1909 by Yusuf Cemal. By his time the thermal springs were well-known both internationally, scientific and journalistic literature having been published in French and in Greek, and across Ottoman lands, since the construction here of a still-standing yalı associated with Muhammad Ali of Egypt's son Tosun Pasha who had sought a cure in Ilıca before his premature death.[15]
Ilıca has a fine beach of its own, about 1.5 km long, as well as favorable wind conditions which make it a prized location for windsurfing.
Climate
Çeşme has a Mediterranean climate (Köppen: Csa)[16] with hot, muggy summers, nevertheless with very low precipitation; and mild, rainy winters.
Climate data for Çeşme (1991–2020) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 13.6 (56.5) |
14.4 (57.9) |
16.6 (61.9) |
20.1 (68.2) |
24.6 (76.3) |
29.0 (84.2) |
30.8 (87.4) |
30.9 (87.6) |
27.9 (82.2) |
23.7 (74.7) |
19.0 (66.2) |
14.9 (58.8) |
22.2 (72.0) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | 9.5 (49.1) |
10.2 (50.4) |
12.3 (54.1) |
15.4 (59.7) |
19.7 (67.5) |
24.1 (75.4) |
26.2 (79.2) |
26.3 (79.3) |
23.0 (73.4) |
18.9 (66.0) |
14.5 (58.1) |
11.1 (52.0) |
17.6 (63.7) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 5.9 (42.6) |
6.4 (43.5) |
8.1 (46.6) |
10.9 (51.6) |
15.0 (59.0) |
19.4 (66.9) |
21.9 (71.4) |
22.2 (72.0) |
18.4 (65.1) |
14.5 (58.1) |
10.4 (50.7) |
7.6 (45.7) |
13.4 (56.1) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 114.29 (4.50) |
96.61 (3.80) |
65.81 (2.59) |
36.09 (1.42) |
20.2 (0.80) |
4.62 (0.18) |
0.31 (0.01) |
0.85 (0.03) |
13.05 (0.51) |
44.11 (1.74) |
76.63 (3.02) |
120.37 (4.74) |
592.94 (23.34) |
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 8.9 | 7.6 | 6.1 | 4.6 | 2.9 | 2.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.9 | 3.4 | 6.3 | 9.0 | 54.7 |
Average relative humidity (%)
|
76.1 | 75.1 | 73.0 | 72.2 | 71.3 | 67.9 | 67.1 | 67.7 | 70.2 | 73.7 | 76.1 | 76.8 | 72.2 |
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 118.8 | 142.2 | 202.5 | 244.7 | 307.6 | 347.8 | 379.7 | 355.3 | 283.3 | 227.4 | 152.6 | 109.1 | 2,841.1 |
Source: NOAA[17] |
Windsurfing in Çeşme
Çeşme is the third best surfing resort in the world.[citation needed] Alaçatı, a town located here, offers the ideal location for surfing, and this is where all the surfing schools are located. Surf Festivals take place here every year. Alaçatı is unique as the depth of the water does not go deeper than 1 meter for over 700 meters off shore and the area receives heavy winds.[citation needed]
International relations
Çeşme is
Famous residents
- Mehmet Culum (born 1948), a novelist who based his books on stories from residents of various regions in western Turkey.
Gallery
-
View of Alaçatı
-
Modern architecture of Alaçatı
-
Alaçatı Centre
-
Alaçatı
-
Cesme Altin Yunus
See also
Footnotes
- ^ TÜİK. Retrieved 12 July 2023.
- ^ Büyükşehir İlçe Belediyesi, Turkey Civil Administration Departments Inventory. Retrieved 12 July 2023.
- ^ "İl ve İlçe Yüz ölçümleri". General Directorate of Mapping. Retrieved 12 July 2023.
- ^ Hansen, Mogens H.; Nielsen, Thomas H. (2005). An Inventory of Archaic and Classical Poleis. Oxford University Press. p. 1064.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ISBN 0-521-45908-7.
- The University of Wisconsin Press, p. 174-175
- ^ January 2021, Patrick Pester-Staff Writer 12 (12 January 2021). "2,500-year-old temple to Greek love goddess unearthed in Turkey". livescience.com. Retrieved 2021-05-21.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ "Ruins of Aphrodite Temple found in Urla". Hürriyet Daily News. Retrieved 2021-05-21.
- ^ Agency, Anadolu (2021-01-02). "2,500-year-old Aphrodite temple discovered in Turkey's Izmir". Daily Sabah. Retrieved 2021-05-21.
- ^ Gershon, Livia. "Archaeologists in Turkey Unearth 2,500-Year-Old Temple of Aphrodite". Smithsonian Magazine. Retrieved 2021-05-21.
- Oklahoma State University. Archived from the originalon 2009-12-24.
- ^ Prof. Burçin ÇOKUYSAL (January 26, 2010). "ECOLOGIC EVALUATION OF Pistacia lentiscus (MASTIC) IN ÇEŞME PENINSULA". Retrieved September 16, 2011.
- Çeşmealtı, is not located within Çeşme district but in the neighboring Urla district, and faces the Gulf of İzmiron the opposite side of the same peninsula's isthmus.
- ^ Mahalle, Turkey Civil Administration Departments Inventory. Retrieved 12 July 2023.
- ^ "Tosun Paşa Yalısı'nın hikayesi (The story of Tosun Pasha Yalı)". www.kurumsalhaberler.com (in Turkish). Kurumsal Haberler Institutional News Portal. 2008-06-18.
- ^ "Table 1 Overview of the Köppen-Geiger climate classes including the defining criteria". Nature: Scientific Data.
- ^ "World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991-2020 — Çeşme". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved January 13, 2024.
- ^ "Kardeş Şehirlerimiz". cesme.bel.tr (in Turkish). Çeşme. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
Sources
- "Çeşme, 31p" (PDF). www.izto.org.tr (in Turkish). İzmir Chamber of Commerce. 2007. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-12-28.
- Pat Yale; Jean-Bernard Carillet; Virginia Maxwell; Miriam Raphael (2005). Turkey, section "Çeşme". ISBN 1-74059-683-8.
- Dominic Whiting (2000). Turkey Handbook: The Travel Guide, section "Çeşme". ISBN 1-900949-85-7.