Aaiha
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Aaiha
عيحا | |
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Village | |
Country | Lebanon |
Governorate | Beqaa Governorate |
District | Rashaya District |
Bekaa Valley | |
Coordinates | 33°29′59″N 35°52′24″E / 33.49972°N 35.87333°E |
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History | |
Cultures | Roman, Greek |
Site notes | |
Condition | Ruins |
Public access | Yes |
Aaiha (or Aiha) (
The village sits c. 3,750 feet (1,140 m) above sea level and the small population is predominantly
Aaiha plain, Aaiha lake and Aaiha intermittent lake
The village is situated on a ridge next to Aaiha plain, an
The Chaff of Phiala
The smaller southeastern fissure was investigated and found to be 15 feet (4.6 m) in diameter, 8 feet (2.4 m) to 10 feet (3.0 m) deep with no sign of water at the bottom. Robinson did not record any investigation of the larger one to the northwest of the plain, which was not flooded at the time, during the
Now Panium is thought to be the fountain of the Jordan, but in reality it is carried thither after an occult manner from the place called Phiala : This place lies as you go up to Trachonitis, and is an hundred and twenty furlongs from Caesarea, and is not far out of the road on the right hand; and indeed it hath its name of Phiala (vial or bowl) very justly, from the roundness of its circumference, as being round like a wheel; its water continues always up to its edges, without either sinking or running over. And as this origin of the Jordan was formerly not known, it was discovered so to be when Philip was Tetrarch of Trachonitis; for he had chaff thrown into Phiala, and it was found at Panium where the ancients thought the fountain head of the river was, whither it had been therefore carried (by the waters).[12]
Edward Robinson commented that this story would appear still current in respect to this chasm and underground stream leading to the Hasbani.[3] Some neolithic flints have been recovered in this area, in the hills 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) north of Rashaya.[13]
Roman temple
Edward Robinson and Eli Smith visited in 1852 and noted a massive Roman temple had once been located near the village that has been grouped by George Taylor amongst the Temples of Mount Hermon.[14]
Robinson suggested the temple was bigger than Nebi Safa and spoke of it having been constructed of stones that were "tolerably large, well hewn, but not bevelled". Fragments of architrave, mouldings and blocks from the temple had been re-used by the villagers making their homes and farmsteads and had been left lying all over the fields, covered in rubbish.[3][15]
The temple was completed in 92
The temple was constructed of blue limestone with an entrance opening facing east and a sideways bearing of 78°30'. The base of the temples was described as Attic and was positioned on top of an 18 inches (0.46 m) socle. There were four courses of stones layered above a 5.7 feet (1.7 m) high, corniced stylobate, measuring 18 inches (0.46 m), 2.2 feet (0.67 m), 2.3 feet (0.70 m) and 2.2 feet (0.67 m). Houses and a stable were built over the temple. Robinson also found a Corinthian frieze and judged the style of many of the blocks to be Corinthian in appearance. A stone with a Greek inscription was found built into the western wall. The structure measures 37.6 feet (11.5 m) wide by at least 47.15 feet (14.37 m) long with an entrance to vaults underneath. A column found nearby measured 3.2 feet (0.98 m) in diameter.[18]
Wildlife
The
References
- ^ "Lebanon kfardenis, rachaya, kfar qouq, aaiha". www.discoverlebanon.com.
- ^ "Wild Lebanon - Powered by A Rocha Lebanon". www.wildlebanon.org. Archived from the original on 1 September 2016. Retrieved 10 April 2011.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Edward Robinson; Eli Smith (1856). Biblical researches in Palestine, Mount Sinai and Arabia Petraea: A journal of travels in the year 1838. J. Murray. pp. 433–. Retrieved 10 April 2011.
- ^ British Druze Society - Druze communities in the Middle East Archived 11 September 2011 at the Wayback Machine
- ISBN 978-3-540-09414-2.
- ISBN 978-0-7614-0283-1. Retrieved 11 April 2011.
- ^ Qada' (Caza) Rachaya - Promenade Tourist Brochure, published by The Lebanese Ministry of Tourism Archived 13 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Munir Said Mhanna (Photos by Kamal el Sahili), Rashaya el Wadi Tourist Brochure, p. 10, Lebanon Ministry of Tourism, Beirut, 2006
- ^ George Taylor (1971). The Roman temples of Lebanon: a pictorial guide. Les temples romains au Liban; guide illustré. Dar el-Machreq Publishers.
- ISBN 978-9953-457-74-1.
- ISBN 978-1-85043-440-5.
- ^ a b Flavius Josephus; William Whiston (1810). The genuine works of Flavius Josephus: containing five books of the Antiquities of the Jews : to which are prefixed three dissertations. Printed for Evert Duyckinck, John Tiebout, and M. & W. Ward. p. 306.
- ^ Moore, A.M.T. (1978). The Neolithic of the Levant. Oxford University, Unpublished PhD Thesis. pp. 436–442.
- ^ George Taylor (1967). The Roman temples of Lebanon: a pictorial guide. Dar el-Machreq Publishers. Retrieved 16 November 2012.
- ^ Université Saint-Joseph (Beirut; Lebanon) (2007). Mélanges de l'Université Saint-Joseph. Impr. catholique.
- ^ Sir Charles Warren; Claude Reignier Conder (1889). The survey of western Palestine: Jerusalem. The Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund.
- ISBN 978-90-04-16735-3.
- ^ Palestine Exploration Fund (1869). Quarterly Statement - Palestine Exploration Fund. Published at the Fund's Office. pp. 197–. Retrieved 11 April 2011.
- ^ Publication. The Museum. 1957.
Bibliography
- Warren, C.; Conder, C.R. (1884). The Survey of Western Palestine: Jerusalem. London: Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund. (p. 496)