Sarepta

Coordinates: 33°27′27″N 35°17′45″E / 33.45750°N 35.29583°E / 33.45750; 35.29583
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
For other uses, see Sarepta (disambiguation).
Sarepta
Sarepta is located in Lebanon
Sarepta
Shown within Lebanon
LocationLebanon
RegionSouth Governorate
Coordinates33°27′27″N 35°17′45″E / 33.45750°N 35.29583°E / 33.45750; 35.29583

Sarepta (near modern

Tyre, also known biblically as Zarephath. It became a bishopric, which faded, and remains a double (Latin and Maronite) Catholic titular see
.

Most of the objects by which Phoenician culture is characterised are those that have been recovered scattered among Phoenician colonies and trading posts; such carefully excavated colonial sites are in Spain, Sicily, Sardinia and Tunisia. The sites of many Phoenician cities, like Sidon and Tyre, by contrast, are still occupied, unavailable to archaeology except in highly restricted chance sites, usually much disturbed. Sarepta[1] is the exception, the one Phoenician city in the heartland of the culture that has been unearthed and thoroughly studied.

History

Sarepta in The Holy Land, Syria, Idumea, Arabia, Egypt, and Nubia.

Sarepta is mentioned for the first time in the voyage of an Egyptian in the 14th century BCE.[2] Obadiah says it was the northern boundary of Canaan: “And the exiles of this host of the sons of Israel who are among the Canaanites as far as Zarephath (Heb. צרפת), and the exiles of Jerusalem who are in Sepharad, will possess the cities of the south.”[3] The medieval lexicographer, David ben Abraham Al-Alfāsī, identifies Zarephath with the city of Ṣarfend (Judeo-Arabic: צרפנדה).[4] Originally Sidonian, the town passed to the Tyrians after the invasion of Shalmaneser IV, 722 BCE. It fell to Sennacherib in 701 BCE.

The first

Luke's Gospel.[5]

Zarephath (צרפת ṣārĕfáṯ, tsarfát; Σάρεπτα, Sárepta) in Hebrew became the

smelter or forge, or metalworking shop. In the 1st century CE, the Roman Sarepta, a port about 1 km (0.62 mi) to the south[6] is mentioned by Josephus[7] and by Pliny the Elder.[8]

Sarepta is the location of a Shia shrine to

Abu Dhar al-Ghifari, a Companion of Muhammad. The shrine is believed to have been built at least several centuries after Abu Dhar's death.[9]

After the Islamization of the area, in 1185, the

Roman Catholic Church continued to appoint purely titular bishops of Sarepta, the most noted being Thomas of Wroclaw who held the post from 1350 until 1378.[11]

Ecclesiastical history

Sarepta as a Christian city was mentioned in the

Notitia episcopatuum, a list of bishoprics made in Antioch in the 6th century, speaks of Sarepta as a suffragan see of Tyre
; all of its bishops are unknown.

Titular sees

The diocese was nominally restored as

Eastern Catholic
) traditions.

Sarepta of the Maronites

This

titular bishopric
was established in 1983.

It has had the following incumbents of the fitting episcopal (lowest) rank:

  • Emile Eid (1982.12.20 – death 2009.11.30), in the
    Promoter of Justice
    of the same Supreme Tribunal of the Apostolic Signatura (1969 – 1980)
  • Hanna G. Alwan,
    Tribunal of the Roman Rota
    (1996.03.04 – 2011.08.13).

Sarepta of the Romans

It was established as titular bishopric no later than the 15th century. It has been vacant for decades, having had the following incumbents:

Archaeology

A

Aadloun II (Bezez Cave), which is located 1 kilometre (0.62 mi) to the South. Khalaf also found a well-made adze and a narrow, slightly polished chisel. A collection in the National Museum of Beirut marked "Jezzine ou Sarepta" consisted of around twelve neatly made discoid- and tortoise-cores in cherty flint of a cream colour with a tinge of red.[14]

The low tell on the seashore was excavated by James B. Pritchard over five years from 1969 to 1974. [15] [16] Civil war in Lebanon put an end to the excavations.

The site of the ancient town is marked by the

sarcophagi
and marble slabs, indicating a city of considerable importance.

Pritchard's excavations revealed many artifacts of daily life in the ancient Phoenician city of Sarepta: pottery workshops and

Pillar worship is traceable from an 8th-century shrine of Tanit-Ashtart
, and a seal with the city's name made the identification secure. The local Bronze Age-Iron Age stratigraphy was established in detail; absolute dating depends in part on correlations with Cypriote and Aegean stratigraphy.

The climax of the Sarepta discoveries at Sarafand is the cult shrine of "Tanit/Astart", who is identified in the site by an inscribed votive ivory plaque, the first identification of Tanit in her homeland. The site revealed figurines, further carved ivories, amulets and a cultic mask.[17]

Other uses of the name

See also: Sarepta (disambiguation)

In

Tsarfat (Zarephath) is used to mean France, perhaps because the Hebrew letters ts-r-f, if reversed, become f-r-ts.[18]
That usage is retained in daily use in contemporary Hebrew.

See also

References

  1. ^ Identification of the site is secured by inscriptions that include a stamp-seal with the name of Sarepta.
  2. Chabas
    , Voyage d'un Egyptien, 1866, pp 20, 161, 163
  3. ^ Obadiah 1:20
  4. ^ The Hebrew-Arabic Dictionary known as "Kitāb Jāmi' Al-Alfāẓ (Agron)," p. xxxviii, pub. by Solomon L. Skoss, 1936 Yale University
  5. ^ Luke 4:26
  6. ^ Designated Area I, it was excavated in 1969-70.
  7. ^ Antiquities of the Jews, Book VIII, 13:2
  8. Natural History
    , Book V, 17
  9. ISBN 9780857736208
    – via books.google.com.
  10. ^ Monachus Borchardus, Descriptio Terrae sanctae, et regionum finitarum, vol. 2, pp. 9, 1593
  11. ^ Piotr Górecki, Parishes, Tithes and Society in Earlier Medieval Poland c. 1100-c. 1250, Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, New Series, vol. 83, no. 2, pp. i-ix+1-146, 1993
  12. ^ Geyer, Intinera hierosolymitana, Vienna, 1898, 18, 147, 150
  13. ^ "Inkvizitoři v Českých zemích v době předhusitské" (PDF). p. 63. Retrieved 13 March 2021.
  14. ^ Lorraine Copeland; P. Wescombe (1965). Inventory of Stone-Age sites in Lebanon, pp. 95 & 135. Imprimerie Catholique. Archived from the original on 24 December 2011. Retrieved 21 July 2011.
  15. ISBN 0-934718-24-5
  16. ISBN 0-8170-0487-4
  17. ^ Amadasi Guzzo, Maria Giulia. “Two Phoenician Inscriptions Carved in Ivory: Again the Ur Box and the Sarepta Plaque.” Orientalia 59, no. 1 (1990): 58–66. http://www.jstor.org/stable/43075770.
  18. OCLC 15252529
    . Retrieved 1 January 2013.

Sources

External links

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