Ahmed Khadr
Ahmed Khadr | |
---|---|
أحمد خضر | |
Born | Ahmed Saïd Khadr March 1, 1948 Cairo, Egypt |
Died | October 2, 2003 Wana, Federally Administered Tribal Areas, Pakistan | (aged 55)
Cause of death | Shot and killed by Pakistani security forces |
Other names | Abu Abdurahman al-Kanadi |
Citizenship |
|
Alma mater | University of Ottawa |
Employer | Human Concern International |
Known for | Alleged ties to Osama bin Laden and al-Qaeda in Afghanistan |
Spouse |
Maha el-Samnah (m. 1977) |
Children | 7 (see Khadr family) |
Signature | |
Ahmed Saïd Khadr (
During this period, Khadr worked with a number of charitable non-governmental organizations that served Afghan refugees and set up agricultural projects.[3] He set up two orphanages for children whose parents had been killed over the course of the decade-long Soviet–Afghan War. He funded the construction of Makkah Mukarama Hospital in Afghanistan with his own savings,[4][5][6] as well as seven medical clinics in the Afghan refugee camps of Pakistan.[7]
Due to his prominent regional role, Khadr helped negotiate compromises among rival Afghan warlords, power brokers, and leaders in order to establish peace in the region.[8][9] The Canadian government had considered him to be the locally highest-ranking member of al-Qaeda.[10] In 1999, the United Kingdom added Khadr's name to a list of al-Qaeda members compiled with the United Nations.[11]
Shortly after the American-led invasion of Afghanistan in 2001, two of Khadr's sons were captured separately by American troops in 2002. They were later detained at the Guantanamo Bay detention camp in Cuba. Aged 15 at the time of his capture, Omar Khadr was among the youngest detainees at the camp, and the last citizen of a Western country (Canada) to be held there. Omar accepted a plea deal (which he later recanted) and pleaded guilty to charges of war crimes in October 2010; he was repatriated to Canada in 2012 to serve the remainder of his sentence and was released on bail in 2015.
On October 2, 2003, Khadr was killed by Pakistani security forces during a gunfight with al-Qaeda and Taliban militants near the Afghanistan–Pakistan border. Following his death, his family members moved back to Canada, where they remain today.[8]
Early life
He was born in Egypt in 1948 to Mohamed Zaki Khadr and Munira Osman.
After a few months in Montreal, Khadr moved to
Marriage and family
Khadr joined the
Khadr started working at
Career
The following year, Khadr was offered a position at the Gulf Polytechnique University in Bahrain, where he hoped to become a professor.[12] According to a biography published by al-Qaeda in 2008, he did not like living in Canada, so he accepted the position.[14]
In 1982, Maha gave birth to
Through 1983 and 1984, the family lived in Bahrain while the children were in school. During the summer holidays, Khadr traveled to Pakistan. His wife took the three children to
Charitable work begins
During his 1984 summer in Pakistan, Khadr joined
While in Pakistan, Khadr became known by the kunya Abu Abdurahman al-Kanadi (Father of Abdurahman, the Canadian), due to the community mistaking which of his sons was eldest.[12][16] Refusing to abandon his Western clothing, Khadr frequently took care of the children while Maha volunteered at the Red Crescent hospital.[12] During his time in Pakistan, Khadr met with the journalist Eric Margolis several times. He later said that Khadr was a "man of respect" in the city, and seemed "entirely humanitarian and not ideological at all".[12]
The family returned to Canada several times a year, visiting relatives. Khadr conducted fundraising for his charitable work, giving speeches at mosques and community events.
Three months later, the family returned to Peshawar.
Returning to Toronto in the summer of 1986, Ibrahim underwent more surgery. On September 19, Maha gave birth to another son,
In the autumn, the family returned to Peshawar, where Khadr met
In 1987, Khadr convinced his wife to let her parents take care of their sickly son Ibrahim in Scarborough. He said she could help a hundred Afghan children in Peshawar if she sent him back for care.[12] He often praised the bravery of the fighters in the Battle of Jaji to his children, but never suggested that he had participated.[12]
In January 1988, Maha returned to Toronto with her youngest, Omar, to look after Ibrahim so her parents could visit relatives in the Middle East. Ibrahim became sick during the visit, and was rushed to the hospital. He was pronounced brain dead the following morning.[12]
That year, Khadr joined
Around this time in 1989, Khadr solicited aid from Canadian Doreen Wicks. She agreed to have her own charity send medical supplies to help the Afghan orphans.[24]
Not long after, Anas spoke to
Citing a disagreement with Khadr,
On November 2, unknown men assumed to be associated with Azzam broke into Khadr's Peshawar offices and seized documents, leading to the freezing of al-Tahaddi's accounts with Habib Bank and a shifting of the project's assets to a Saudi Red Crescent warehouse.[27] When he returned to Peshawar, Khadr accused Azzam of "confiscating"[17] the money he had raised, and spreading rumors that he was a Western spy by having faxed all of al-Tahaddi's associates with a list of accusations against Khadr and announcing new leadership.[26]
Khadr demanded a
In 1989, Maha gave birth to a fifth son,
In September 1991, Khadr gave a fundraising lecture entitled Afghanistan: The Untold Story at the Markham Islamic Centre. He described the suffering of the widows and orphans, but emphasized the valor of the mujahideen who had repelled the Soviets.[12] They had been supported by the United States at the time.
In 1992, Khadr sustained severe shrapnel wounds which tore apart his right side, puncturing his bladder and a kidney. The exact cause of the wounds is debated,
Unable to get proper medical care in Peshawar, he was taken to Karachi. Maha convinced him to return to Toronto a month later, and he was admitted to Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre. Although there were fears he'd never walk again, or his arm would require amputation, his surgeon managed to treat Khadr successfully.[12] His half-brother Ahmed Faoud came up from the United States to visit Khadr, who was growing restless with his long recovery time.[12]
According to
Abu Abdul Rahman al-Kanadi did excellent work during the jihad against the Soviets but it has not been well recognised, especially the military work he did in Logar province. As you know, Logar is in between Paktia and Kabul. Abu Abdul Rahman al-Kanadi trained at Sadda and was at Jaji with Abu Abdullah; he and Abu Abdul Rahman al-Surahyi did a fantastic job with their observation work and giving guidance for the Arab activity. When the enemy discovered their hiding place, the jets bombed the area very heavily but they were not hurt.[16]
Return to Pakistan
In the autumn of 1993, Khadr returned to Pakistan with his family, renting a comfortable house with its own garden in Hayatabad while he continued working with HCI despite his injuries. Without the use of his right hand and walking with a limp, Khadr found his injuries frustrating.[12][20]
Before leaving for
Maintaining his connections with regional warlords, Khadr was furious at
In 1994, he sent his two oldest sons, Abdullah and Abdurahman, to Khalden training camp.[12] He visited the camp once after they started there, to meet with Ibn al-Shaykh al-Libi.[29]
In Pakistan, Khadr renovated an abandoned building, which had previously used by the
When Mohamad Elzahabi was injured in a 1995 battle in Kabul, Khadr visited him the Peshawar hospital.[30]
Arrest, investigation and release
In July 1995, Khadr arranged for his daughter
On November 19,
Accounts differ as to whether Ahmed was arrested on December 3 at the
After being refused food for two days, Khadr announced he was launching a
His plight caught the attention of the
As
In 2002,
Health & Education Projects International
Trying to distance themselves from the controversy, HCI issued a statement in December, stating that Khadr and his colleague Helmy el-Sharief no longer worked for the organization.
In 1997, while living in the Pathan district of Peshawar,
In May 1998,
In June 1998,[22] the family moved into Nazim Jihad while Ahmed was away; but were only there a short time before bin Laden moved and didn't invite the family to accompany him.[50] He caved to the demands of his "problem child", Abdurahman, and purchased him a horse of his own.[59]
That year, Pakistan renewed its claims that Khadr was involved in the embassy bombing, accused him of money laundering and smuggling and suggested he may have been connected to the year's simultaneous bombings of American embassies.[22]
Reports suggest that when Pakistani forces stormed the apartment of an Algerian named Abu Elias in Lahore, Khadr was actually present but was either not recognised by the troops, or allowed to leave.[61]
In 1999, Khadr met with bin Laden again to try to mitigate hostilities between bin Laden, the Taliban and warlord Gulbuddin Hekmatyar, whom Ahmed had recently met in Iran.[50] That year, the United Kingdom submit his name to be put on a United Nations list of individuals believed to finance terrorism, but refused to share any evidence with Canadian officials. He was subsequently sanctioned, and UN states were forbidden from commerce with him.[60]
In January 2001, Khadr's name was added to a United Nations list of individuals who supported terrorism associated with Bin Laden.[62]
Later that year, Egyptian forces surrounded Khadr's house in Peshawar, and requested that Pakistani Inter-Services Intelligence forces offer assistance in capturing the man they still believed had knowledge of the Embassy bombing in Islamabad. Instead, the ISI contacted the Taliban, who sent a diplomatic car to pick up Khadr and bring him into Afghanistan.[63]
Sought by the United States
Immediately following the
Mr. Speaker, Ahmed Al-Kadr was named by the United Nations as a terrorist. He is a close associate of Osama bin Laden. He is a suspect in the September 11 terrorist attacks. Mr. Al-Kadr is now in Afghanistan allegedly working for a Toronto based group called Health and Education Project International. Human Concern International, Mr. Al-Kadr's former front organization for terrorist fundraising, has had its assets frozen not by this government but by the governments of the United States and the United Kingdom. Why has this government not frozen the assets of either of these organizations?
—Brian Pallister, House of Commons, 9/15/2001.[66]
The family fled Kabul the day before its fall to the Northern Alliance, and made a temporary home in the Logar orphanage the night of November 10.[12] This was the last time the United States knew the family's location.[67] Maha and Ahmed returned however to gather their possessions. While packing, Kabul's walkie-talkie communications ring began reporting that the Taliban had been defeated and the city was being overrun. Running out to their car, they saw wounded men filtering into the streets. Tossing out their computer and a chair, the couple made room in their backseat for three men who had been injured in an explosion. They reached the Logar Hospital at 2am, but were told that only two of the men could be treated. Speeding off with the third, they continued to another nearby hospital but arrived to find their passenger had succumbed to his wounds. Returning to their children at the Logar orphanage, they were informed that Abdurahman had decided to take the truck to Kabul in their absence and spend the night with friends.[12]
Shortly afterwards,
Khadr's Canadian property was raided by the
When his second son, Abdurahman was taken prisoner by the Northern Alliance in November,[36] he sent a request to have his son freed since he had helped the Alliance in the past, but was told that unless he could pay a $10,000 ransom then Abdurahman would be turned over to the Americans. Lacking the money, Khadr asked his eldest son Abdullah to not tell his mother about Abdurahman's capture, and only insist that he was "missing", rather than captured.[28]
In July 2003, the Federal Research Division of the
Death
On October 2, 2003, Khadr, his son Abdulkareem, al-Jowfi, al-Iraqi,
Pakistan initially reported that Khadr had escaped hours before the raid.[76] Other reports suggested that rumors of his death may have been staged to escape investigators.[77] At one point it was reported that Ahmed had lived, and only his son had been killed.[78] Early reports said that it was a joint American-Pakistani operation, while later reports denied American involvement.[79]
Reports said that 12 "al-Qaeda and Taliban members" were killed in the raid on the "armed encampment", including Hasan Mahsum,[77][80] and that two al-Qaeda members had been captured.[76] Khadr's name was not included in any of the lists of deceased published in local media, and the captured Abdulkareem was unable to identify his father among the photos of corpses later presented to him,[6] although the Islamic Observation Centre reported that Khadr was "caught" in the battle and died defending Abdulkareem.[81] Three weeks after the attack, Pakistan was still reporting that he had escaped the raid and that they had been conducting house-to-house searches for him,[82][83] although they spoke of having killed a "high-ranking" al-Qaeda member in the attack with a bounty on his head.[84]
In late December, Maha had attorney Hashmat Ali Habib file a petition to the Supreme Court of Pakistan asking for details about whether her husband and son were killed or captured in the operation.[6][85] Meanwhile, it was believed that the Saudi Sheikh Asadullah stepped up to fill the void left by Khadr's death[86]
It was finally reported in January, three months after the operation, that his DNA had been matched to a body found just outside the doorway and he was indeed killed in the attack, leading his family to request the return of his body for burial in Canada.[12][87][88] Arab News reported that he had only been killed in January, following another Pakistani strike in Wana, after successfully escaping the October firefight.[89] In Canadian Federal Court Justice Carolyn Layden-Stevenson's 2005 ruling rejecting Hassan Almrei's application for release, she quoted a confidential CSIS agent named only as P.G. as having testified about Khadr dying in 2004.[90]
Civil lawsuit
Sgt.
Legacy
In one of the latest Musharraf-led campaigns, several mujahidin were killed, including brother martyr Ahmad Said Khadr, nicknamed Abu Abdurahman al-Kanadi. Al-Kanadi is one of thousands of Arab supporters whose blood was spilled in every valley and mountain in Afghanistan...
—Ayman al-Zawahiri, March 2004 Audiotape
After his death, the media began referring to a "Khadr effect". The Prime Minister had intervened to ensure that Khadr got a fair trial, and the press said that he had intervened after Khadr's release. The suggestion was that politicians and the public were equally unwilling to lend any support or benefit of the doubt to the remaining family.[96]
On February 7, 2008, the National Post reported that a biography of Khadr was published on an "al Qaeda web-site" as part of an on-line book entitled Book of 120 Martyrs in Afghanistan.[97] Seven months later, his family launched The Khadr Legacy which emphasized his work as a relief worker.[8] By July 2013, the website was replaced with a Japanese facial care website.
Khadr remains a controversial figure. Canadian attorney
References
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- ^ a b c d Review of Book of 120 Martyrs in Afghanistan (in Arabic)[dead link]
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- ^ a b c TheKhadrLegacy.com Archived 2018-04-22 at the Wayback Machine, both inactive archived site and current site
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- ^ Human Concern International, "Rehabilitating and Reconstructing a Torn Land, Afghanistan" Archived July 5, 2004, at the Wayback Machine
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- ^ Tietz, Jeff (August 10, 2006). "The Unending Torture of Omar Khadr". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on October 21, 2006.
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Abdul Razzak, a former loyalist of dissident Afghan leader Gulbuddin Hekmatyar, told The Associated Press he met Abdul Kabir, the former governor of Nangarhar province and the No. 3 man in the Taliban, just two weeks ago in Paktia province. Razzak also said Saeed Al Khadr, an Egyptian Canadian and one of the 20 most-wanted al-Qaida members, is in Paktia after fleeing Nangarhar with Kabir. Khadr was implicated in the suicide bombing of the Egyptian Embassy in Pakistan in the 1990s that killed 17 people.
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House, Dawn (June 14, 2007). "Judge clears way for wounded soldier to collect judgement against terrorist". Salt Lake Tribune.
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External links
- The Khadr Legacy (archive), a website maintained by the family