Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase inhibitor

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"DDCI" redirects here. For the software company, see DDC-I. For the Deputy Director of the CIA, see Deputy Director of the Central Intelligence Agency.
levodopa can be inactivated before it reaches the central nervous system and is activated to dopamine. (Dopamine in the periphery only causes side effects, no antiparkinson effect.) COMT inhibitors block the second way.[1]

An aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase inhibitor (synonyms: DOPA decarboxylase inhibitor, Extracerebral decarboxylase inhibitor, DDCI and AAADI) is a

D2 receptors in the vomiting center (or cheomoreceptor trigger zone) located outside the blood–brain barrier.[2]

Examples of extracerebral decarboxylase inhibitors include carbidopa and benserazide.

Indications

Peripherally selective DDCIs incapable of crossing the protective blood–brain barrier (BBB) are used in augmentation of L-DOPA (levodopa) in the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD) to block the conversion of L-DOPA into dopamine outside the brain, for the purpose of reducing adverse side effects.[3] Combined L-DOPA and DDCI therapy does not inherently decrease peripheral cardiovascular side effects of L-DOPA administration; however, combined therapy potentiates the central effects of L-DOPA by decreasing the dose-dependency 4-5 fold, therein allowing for effective Parkinson's disease treatment without cardiovascular risk associated with high peripheral dopamine.[4][5]

List of DDCIs

  • Benserazide (Madopar, Prolopa, Modopar, Madopark, Neodopasol, EC-Doparyl, etc.)
  • Carbidopa (Lodosyn, Sinemet, Pharmacopa, Atamet, Stalevo, etc.)
  • Methyldopa (Aldomet, Aldoril, Dopamet, Dopegyt, etc.)
  • alpha-Difluoromethyl-DOPA
    (DFMD)
  • 3',4',5,7-Tetrahydroxy-8-methoxyisoflavone [58262-89-8]
  • Epigallocatechin gallate
    (EGCG)
  • Epigallocatechin
    (EGC)

References

  1. ISBN 3-8047-1763-2
    .
  2. PMID 4938431
    .
  3. PMID 4425849
    .
  4. ^ Cotzias, G. C., Papavasiliou, P. S., and Gellene, R., New England Journal of Medicine, 1969, 280, 337.
  5. ^ Yahr, M. D., in Advances in Neurology, ed. M. D. Yahr, p. vi, vol. 2. New York, Raven Press, 1973.
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