Bismuth ferrite

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Bismuth ferrite
Identifiers
3D model (
JSmol
)
  • InChI=1S/Bi.Fe.3O/q2*+3;3*-2
    Key: UKOQHRZDRNXQCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N
  • [Bi+3].[Fe+3].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2]
Properties
BiFeO3
Molar mass 312.822 g·mol−1
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).

polarization
occurs along the pseudocubic direction () with a magnitude of 90–95 μC/cm2.[7][8]

Sample Preparation

Bismuth ferrite is not a naturally occurring mineral and several synthesis routes to obtain the compound have been developed.

Solid state synthesis

In the solid state reaction method

stoichiometric BiFeO3 is challenging due to the volatility of bismuth during firing which leads to the formation of stable secondary Bi25FeO39 (selenite) and Bi2Fe4O9 (mullite
) phase. Typically a firing temperature of 800 to 880 Celsius is used for 5 to 60 minutes with rapid subsequent cooling. Excess Bi2O3 has also been used a measure to compensate for bismuth volatility and to avoid formation of the Bi2Fe4O9 phase.

Single crystal growth

Bismuth ferrite melts incongruently, but it can be grown from a bismuth oxide rich flux (e.g. a 4:1:1 mixture of Bi2O3, Fe2O3 and B2O3 at approximately 750-800 Celsius).

ferroelectric, antiferromagnetic and magnetoelectric
properties of bismuth ferrite.

Chemical routes

Wet

polycrystal
.

Solution combustion reaction is a low-cost method used to synthesize porous BiFeO3. In this method, a reducing agent (such glycine, citric acid, urea, etc.) and an oxidizing agent (nitrate ions, nitric acid, etc.) are used to generate the reduction-oxidation (RedOx) reaction. The appearance of the flame, and consequently the temperature of the mixture, depends on the oxidizing/reducing agents ratio used.[12] Annealing up to 600 °C is sometimes needed to decompose the bismuth oxo-nitrates generated as intermediates. Since the content of Fe cations in this semiconductor material, Mӧssbauer spectroscopy is a proper technique to detect the presence of a paramagnetic component in the phase.

Thin films

The

photovoltaic
properties which is known as ferroelectric photovoltaic (FPV) effect.

Applications

Being a room temperature

multiferroic material and due to its ferroelectric photovoltaic (FPV) effect, bismuth ferrite has several applications in the field of magnetism, spintronics, photovoltaics
, etc.

Photovoltaics

In the FPV effect, a

nanoparticles along with two oxide based carrier transporting layers.[19]
In spite of such efforts the power conversion efficiency obtained from bismuth ferrite is still very low.

References

  1. ^
    S2CID 4789558
    .
  2. ^
    doi:10.1107/S0108768190006887
    .
  3. S2CID 49689448. Archived from the original
    (PDF) on 3 January 2011. Retrieved 2 February 2012.
  4. ^ D. Varshney, A. Kumar, K. Verma, Effect of A site and B site doping on structural, thermal, and dielectric properties of BiFeO3 ceramics, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2011.05.106
  5. Bibcode:1963SPhD....7..742K
    .
  6. hdl:20.500.11850/190313
    . Retrieved 15 February 2012.
  7. doi:10.1016/s1369-7021(07)70241-9
    .
  8. PMID 19169247
    .
  9. doi:10.1016/j.matchemphys.2013.09.045
    .
  10. doi:10.1111/j.1551-2916.2005.00306.x
    .
  11. S2CID 97665976
    .
  12. PMID 29746118
    .
  13. doi:10.1063/1.5125809
    .
  14. S2CID 238258729
    .
  15. S2CID 21497135
    .
  16. doi:10.1063/1.5103244
    .
  17. ^ A. M. Glass, Von der Linde and T. J. Negran, High‐voltage bulk photovoltaic effect and the photorefractive process in LiNbO3,Appl. Phys. Lett.doi:10.1063/1.1655453
  18. S2CID 16970573
    .
  19. PMID 25350523
    .

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2011.05.106

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bismuth_ferrite&oldid=1223528972"