Anglo-Mughal war (1686–1690)
Anglo-Mughal war | |||||||
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Part of Emperor Aurangzeb | |||||||
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Belligerents | |||||||
East India Company | Mughal Empire | ||||||
Commanders and leaders | |||||||
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Strength | |||||||
Total
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Total
Siege of Bombay[1]
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Casualties and losses | |||||||
Bombay
Madras Unknown, likely all |
Total[2] Light to none |
The Anglo-Mughal war,
The
, an imperial directive that would allow the English company regular trading privileges across the Mughal provinces.In 1685, after some breaking of negotiations by Sir Josiah Child, Bt, the Governor of Bengal reacted by increasing the tributaries of the trade with the north-east from 2% to 3.5%. The company refused the newly introduced taxes and began to try to get the province of Bengal to accept new terms in the favour its trading power and expressed to capture Chittagong, establish a fortified enclave throughout the region, and attain independence of the surrounding subah from the Mughal territory by bringing the local governors and the Hooghly River to their control, which would later allow to form relationships with the Kingdom of Mrauk U based in Arakan (today's Myanmar) and hold substantial power in the Bay of Bengal.[6]
Upon request, King
The English naval forces established a blockade of the Mughal ports on the western Indian coast and engaged in several battles with the Mughal Army, and ships with
The East India Company navy
Ultimately the Company was forced to concede by the armed forces of the Mughal Empire and the company was fined 150,000 rupees (roughly equivalent to today's $4.4 million). The company's apology was accepted and the trading privileges were reimposed by Aurangzeb.[13][14][15]
Background
In 1682 the
Events
In 1685, Admiral Nicholson was sent out with twelve ships of war, carrying 200 pieces of cannon and a body of 600 men, to be reinforced by 400 from
The arrival of the formidable expedition alarmed Shaista Khan, and he offered to compromise his differences with the English; but an unforeseen event brought the negotiation to an abrupt close. Three English soldiers, strolling through the marketplace of Hooghly, quarrelled with Mughal officials, and were severely beaten. After that, Nicholson dispatched a force to capture the town.[17]
In 1686, new negotiations started in Chuttanutty which the Mughals intentionally prolonged till their troops could be assembled to attack the English encampment, and English commander Job Charnock retired with his soldiers and establishments to the island of Ingelee, at the mouth of the Hooghly River. It was a low and deadly swamp, covered with long grass, without any fresh water. In three months, half of the English troops had died from disease.[17]
In 1688, an English fleet was dispatched to
After that, Emperor Aurangzeb issued orders for the occupation of the East India Company's possessions across the subcontinent, and the confiscation of their property. As a result, possessions of East India Company were reduced to the fortified towns of Madras and
In 1689, the strong Mughal fleet from
See also
References
- JSTOR 48554769.
- JSTOR 48554769.
- ISBN 9788131301692. Retrieved 2015-02-23.
- JSTOR 3632456.
- ^ Vaugn, James (September 2017). "John Company Armed: The English East India Company, the Anglo-Mughal War and Absolutist Imperialism, c. 1675–1690". Britain and the World. 11 (1).
- ISBN 9780802195500
- ^ The Evolution of Judicial Systems and Law in the Sub-continent by Ayub Premi, page 42, University of California
- ISBN 81-250-2596-0– via Google Books.
- ^ a b c James Talboys Wheeler. India under British Rule. pp. 19–22.
- ^ a b Ward; Prothero (1908). The Cambridge Modern History. Vol. 5. Macmillan, University of Michigan. p. 699.
- ISBN 9781932705546.
- ^ Chakrabarty, Phanindranath (1983). Anglo-Mughal Commercial Relations, 1583–1717. O.P.S. Publishers, University of California. p. 257.
- ^ Keay, John. India: A History. New York: HarperCollins. p. 372.
- ^ Kohli, Atul (31 January 2020). Imperialism and the Developing World: How Britain and the United States Shaped the Global Periphery. Oxford University Press. pp. 42–44.
- ISBN 9780691173795.
- ^ a b "Asia Facts, information, pictures | Encyclopedia.com articles about Asia | Europe, 1450 to 1789: Encyclopedia of the Early Modern World". encyclopedia.com. Retrieved 2015-02-23.
- ^ a b c d The History of India from the Earliest Period to the Close of Lord Dalhousie's Administration by John Clark Marshman, 1867.
- ^ Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency: Surat and Broach by Sir James MacNabb Campbell, Government Central Press, original from Cornell University