City of Clarence
Clarence City Council Federal division(s) | Franklin | ||||||||||||||
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Clarence City Council (or City of Clarence) is a
The administrative centre and main commercial district of Clarence is
The area that now constitutes the City of Clarence was once part of the traditional land of the
Etymology
The City of Clarence is named indirectly after King
Prior to the establishment of the British colony there,
For over half a century, this was the name of the entire eastern shore of the
History
Pre-history
It is believed the indigenous
Prior to the arrival of the British, there was nine distinctive '
For the Moomairemener the area along the eastern shore of the Derwent was known as 'Nannyelebata'. They valued the region for its rich variety of birds, animals, seafood, and vegetation.
European settlement
Clarence was the site of the first European settlement in
Bowen selected the inlet at Risdon Cove, as when he had arrived in Spring the nearby stream was in full-flow. However within months it had dried up, and his camp was in despair for want of water. The site at Risdon Cove was badly affect by inconsistent water supply, and stagnation of the inlet during the late summer.[5]
King was insecure about Bowen's juniority and inexperience as a young commander, and when he was contacted by David Collins, who had been dispatched directly from England aboard HMS Calcutta with Ocean as a supply vessel, to establish a colony at Port Phillip, he redirected Collins' expedition to the Derwent.[14]
Collin's party arrived on the Derwent River on 16 February 1804, and immediately became becalmed in Storm Bay. Collin's dispatched troops to row ashore off what is now Rokeby to march overland to the camp at Risdon and announce their arrival. The party found navigating the thick Australian bushland hard-going, but did gain useful intelligence as the nature of the area. In the end, they only arrived shortly before the ships were able to navigate up-river.[5]
Upon his arrival, Collins discovered the camp in such a state of despair for want of water, it was threatened with collapse. He immediately set about his first task of relocating the colony to the mouth of the Hobart Rivulet on Sullivans Cove. From there, the city of Hobart grew.[15]
The relocation of the colony did not end the desire to settle the eastern shore of the Derwent though. Within the first few years following the establishment of Hobart Town, difficulties in growing crops led to difficulties providing food. The initial intelligence from the soldiers that had marched overland from Rokeby to Risdon Vale, and subsequent explorations suggested the plains on the eastern shore of the Derwent were more suited to agriculture.[16]
The successful establishment of crops on Clarence Plains was vital to the survival of Hobart Town. When new settlers arrived from
19th century
By the early 1820s a small village was growing around Kangaroo Point, that was soon to become Bellerive, making it the first site of permanent settlement in Clarence Plains. Bellerive was well fed by a freshwater stream that emptied into Kangaroo Bay, and it still exists running parallel to Rosny Park Public Golf Course as a storm water culvert.[17]
The next areas within Clarence Plains to be settled on the eastern shore of Hobart's Derwent River, were
A review of colonial defences in the 1870s saw a complete overhaul of the
20th century
At the beginning of the twentieth century the eastern shore of the Derwent was still little more than isolated villages, and homesteads. This remained the situation for the next forty years, until on 22 December 1943, the floating pontoon style Hobart Bridge was opened.[22] Despite soon developing a reputation of being treacherous to cross in stormy weather, and suffering delays caused by its lifting span opening to allow maritime traffic to pass, it created previously unprecedented access to the eastern shore. Almost immediately demand for residential property there increased. By 1947 the population of Clarence Plains had reached 5,000 for the first time.[20]
In the 1950s, post-war demand for housing led the
The eastern shore housing boom had highlighted the inadequacies of the Hobart Bridge. Bad weather made it difficult to cross, and the massive increase in traffic in the 1950s led to severe congestion. The traffic problems, delays caused by the raising of the navigation section for maritime traffic, and the toll all proved extremely unpopular. The government announced plans to build a new bridge at a cost of £7 million, and in 1960, construction commenced on the Tasman Bridge. It opened on 18 August 1964, and greatly increased the volume of traffic capable of crossing the river. The opening of the new bridge also saw the development of two new major connecting highways, the east-heading Tasman Highway, and the north-heading East Derwent Highway, greatly improving access both to, and through Clarence.[23]
An increasing variety of services opened on the eastern shore. The Metropolitan Transport Trust supported the expansion into the eastern shore, by opening up an excellent network of bus routes into the municipality. In 1963 the Clarence War Memorial Pool was constructed, and in 1965, Eastlands Shopping Centre opened in Rosny Park, being further expanded in 1971 and 1978. The shopping centre proved a commercial success, and helped drive growth on the eastern shore. By the mid-1970s the population had passed the 40,000 mark at an incredible post-war rate of growth.[20]
But the late twentieth century also saw two terrible disasters occur with Clarence. Much of the municipality suffered terrible damage and many homes were lost during the infamous 1967 Tasmanian fires. A second disaster occurred in the city in 1975 when the bulk carrier, Lake Illawarra collided with the Tasman Bridge collapsing a section of roadway in the Tasman Bridge Disaster. Ironically, this event, which severed 'The Eastern Shore' from Hobart for nearly three years, was responsible for considerable infrastructure growth on 'The Eastern Shore', leading to it being largely self-sustaining, and being declared a city in its own right by 1988.[20]
In the 1970s and 1980s the expansion of the Municipality of Clarence continued. Many previously rural areas developed into residential areas. New suburbs arose, such as Flagstaff Gully, Geilston Bay, and Old Beach to the north, and Cremorne, Howrah, Lauderdale, Rokeby, and Tranmere towards the south of the city. At the same time, Rosny Park continued to grow in importance as the administrative centre of the city, with the Clarence Council Chambers, Bellerive Police Station and Bellerive Post Office all relocating there. Banking services also relocated branches, and many new retailers opened, complementing the prosperous Eastlands Shopping Centre. Commonwealth government offices soon also began opening with services such as Centrelink, the Australian Taxation Office, and the National Archives of Australia. The growth was such that the municipality was officially incorporated as a city on 24 November 1988, with the population having grown beyond 50,000. In 1993, the nearby town of Richmond was absorbed into the city of Clarence.[20]
21st century
The early 21st Century has seen Rosny Park continue to develop as the centre of the city. Expansion to Eastlands Shopping Centre and the nearby commercial businesses on Bligh and Bayfield Streets has seen a strong growth in retail. A Multi-screen cinema also opened in 2003, continuing the increasing availability of local services. The launch of the council's 'Kangaroo Bay Urban Design Strategy and Concept Plan' saw an attempt to modernise the town-planning of the City Centre with a programme of regeneration, improved infrastructure and amenities, the creation of a foreshore promenade and more appropriate urban landscaping. The plan sees the Kangaroo Bay area divided into five distinct precincts; Rosny Parklands, Kangaroo Bay East, Ferry Wharf, Bellerive Yacht Club, and 'The Village'.[24]
Geography
The City of Clarence, along with
In terms of area, Clarence is one of the largest cities in Australia, covering over 386 square kilometres, with 191 kilometres of coastline, including over twenty beaches, the most popular of which are Bellerive Beach, Howrah Beach, Seven Mile Beach and Clifton Beach. More than a third of the total city area is untouched bushland, with many parks, and large areas given over to nature reserves.[25]
The city has large areas of residential property interspersed with natural
Suburbs
There are more than thirty suburbs with the city of Clarence. They are not named according to a convention. Many have been named after the first fine house that was built in the area (Bellerive, Lindisfarne, Montagu Bay, Geilston Bay, and Rosny), others are named for geographical features (Flagstaff Gully, Mount Rumney, and Roches Beach). Some, such as Bellerive, Lindisfarne and Richmond first developed as isolated villages, and others, such as Mornington and Warrane developed through public housing programmes.[27]
Much of the city along the eastern shore of the Derwent is a connected
Localities other than Hobart suburbs
Climate
Located at 42° South, the City of Clarence has a mild
Climate data for Hobart Airport | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 22.4 (72.3) |
22.3 (72.1) |
20.7 (69.3) |
18.1 (64.6) |
15.2 (59.4) |
12.9 (55.2) |
12.4 (54.3) |
13.4 (56.1) |
15.3 (59.5) |
17.3 (63.1) |
18.9 (66.0) |
20.6 (69.1) |
17.5 (63.5) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 12.0 (53.6) |
12.0 (53.6) |
10.7 (51.3) |
8.7 (47.7) |
6.6 (43.9) |
4.6 (40.3) |
4.1 (39.4) |
4.6 (40.3) |
6.0 (42.8) |
7.5 (45.5) |
9.1 (48.4) |
10.7 (51.3) |
8.0 (46.4) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 41.6 (1.64) |
36.6 (1.44) |
36.1 (1.42) |
43.0 (1.69) |
34.5 (1.36) |
30.1 (1.19) |
44.1 (1.74) |
46.8 (1.84) |
41.2 (1.62) |
47.7 (1.88) |
42.9 (1.69) |
54.2 (2.13) |
498.6 (19.63) |
Source: Bureau of Meteorology[29] |
Council
Residents of the City of Clarence are administered through three tiers of government, as part of the Australian
Provision of services such as
Clarence is classified as urban, fringe and medium (UFM) under the Australian Classification of Local Governments.[32]
Current composition
The Clarence City Council has existed in various forms since the area became a municipality on 1 January 1860,
The current council is:
Name | Position[33] | Party affiliation | |
---|---|---|---|
Brendan Blomeley | Mayor/Councillor | Liberal | |
Allison Ritchie | Deputy Mayor/Councillor | Independent | |
Heather Chong | Councillor | Labor[34]
| |
Jade Darko | Councillor | Greens[35] | |
Emma Goyne | Councillor | One Nation[36] | |
Daniel Hulme | Councillor | Labor
| |
Bree Hunter | Councillor | Independent | |
Tony Mulder | Councillor | Independent | |
Richard James | Councillor | Independent | |
Wendy Kennedy | Councillor | Independent | |
Beth Warren | Councillor | Greens | |
James Walker | Councillor | Liberal[37]
|
2022 election results
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Independent | Tony Mulder (elected) | 4,114 | 11.57 | ||
Better Clarence | Brendan Blomeley (elected) | 4,078 | 11.47 | ||
Independent Labor | Heather Chong (elected) | 3,015 | 8.48 | ||
Better Clarence | Allison Ritchie (elected) | 2,698 | 7.59 | ||
Greens | Beth Warren (elected) | 2,332 | 6.56 | ||
Independent | Wendy Kennedy (elected) | 2,257 | 6.35 | ||
Independent | Bree Hunter (elected) | 1,813 | 5.10 | ||
Greens | Jade Darko (elected) | 1,738 | 4.89 | ||
Independent Labor | Daniel Hulme (elected) | 1,376 | 3.87 | ||
Independent | Richard James (elected) | 1,254 | 3.53 | ||
Independent One Nation | Emma Goyne (elected) | 1,201 | 3.38 | ||
Independent | John Peers | 1,094 | 3.08 | ||
Independent Liberal | James Walker (elected) | 997 | 2.80 | ||
Independent Labor | Kate Rainbird | 977 | 2.75 | ||
Independent Local | Anna Bateman | 930 | 2.61 | ||
Independent | Matt Combey | 871 | 2.45 | ||
Independent | Simon Walker | 663 | 1.86 | ||
Independent | Dave Tilley | 609 | 1.71 | ||
Independent | Andrew Jenner | 583 | 1.64 | ||
Independent | Sharyn von Bertouch | 566 | 1.59 | ||
Independent | Hans Willink | 547 | 1.54 | ||
Independent | BJ Walker | 520 | 1.46 | ||
Independent | Jimmy Collins | 450 | 1.27 | ||
Better Clarence | Kaye McPherson | 295 | 0.83 | ||
Better Clarence | Anthony James | 271 | 0.76 | ||
Independent | Mike Figg | 208 | 0.58 | ||
Better Clarence | Noelle Harb | 110 | 0.31 | ||
Total formal votes | 35,567 | 95,27 | |||
Informal votes | 1,765 | 4.73 | |||
Turnout | 37,332 | 83.51 | |||
Party total votes | |||||
Independent | 15,549 | 43.72 | |||
Better Clarence | 7,452 | 20.95 | |||
Independent Labor | 5,368 | 15.09 | |||
Greens | 4,070 | 11.45 | |||
Independent One Nation | 1,201 | 3.38 | |||
Independent Liberal | 997 | 2.80 | |||
Independent Local | 930 | 2.61 |
State and federal politics
The majority area of the City of Clarence falls within the
Franklin voters tend to be
The
In Rumney, the other Legislative Council seat within Clarence. Established in 1999, and first held by Labor's Lin Thorpe. The current member is Labor's Sarah Lovell, who has held the seat since 2017, replacing current Clarence Councillor Tony Mulder who served between 2011-2017.
Policing and crime
The responsibility of policing the City of Clarence falls to
A 'Night Watch' had been established in Bellerive in the late 1820s, and by the 1830s,
Crime rates are generally low within the city, and Clarence is seen as an extremely safe place to live. According to 2016 statistics, the rate of homicide in the Region was 1.7 per 100,000, well below the national average. The rate of robberies was 33.2 per 100,000, also well below the national average. Motor vehicle crime was 551.4 per 100,000, slightly below the national average, although a significant decrease on the 2001 figure (613.9/100,000).[43]
Healthcare
There were few health care facilities other than local general practitioner surgeries within the Municipality of Clarence prior to the Tasman Bridge disaster. The isolation caused by the severing of the bridge, and the inability of patients to travel across the river for treatment highlighted the need for local health care services on the eastern shore. The Bayfield Healthcare Centre (now known as the Clarence Community Health Centre)[44] was developed at considerable cost to the state government, but soon became the City's primary health care provider. Whilst it is definitely not large enough to be considered a hospital, recent upgrading has seen the centre fall into the super clinic category.[45]
Education
The first school opened within Clarence Plains was the Kangaroo Point School (now Bellerive Primary School) in 1842. However, prior to the Tasman Bridge disaster, there were few schools within the Municipality of Clarence. The isolation caused by the severing of contact between the shores when the Tasman Bridge collapsed led to the establishment of many new facilities on the eastern shore, including new schools.
There are thirteen government, and six religious primary schools in Clarence. The government primary schools are: Bellerive Primary School, Cambridge Primary School, Clarendon Vale Primary School, Howrah Primary School, Lauderdale Primary School, Lindisfarne Primary School, Lindisfarne North Primary School, Montagu Bay Primary School, Richmond Primary School, Rokeby Primary School, South Arm Primary School, The Cottage School, and Warrane Primary School. The religious primary schools in Clarence are: Corpus Christi School, Eastside Christian School, Emmanuel Christian School, John Paul II Primary School, St Cuthbert's Primary School, and St Johns School.[46] During the period of isolation caused by the Tasman Bridge Disaster, The Friends' School established the Sherwood Primary School as an eastern shore branch for pupils in kindergarten to grade 2.
There are six
Economy
Despite the existence of small-scale
The primary export product of the City of Clarence is now
.Infrastructure
Transport
Despite excellent bus connections, there is a very high proportion of private car ownership within the City of Clarence.[citation needed] Despite this, many residents, particularly those that commute to Hobart for work, often chose to use public transportation for commuting.[citation needed]
Clarence is connected to
Rosny Park Transit Mall serves as the hub for
Utilities
Most of the utilities provision within Tasmania has traditionally fallen to government authorities. Mains water remains so, and is now provided by the Clarence City Council. Their main public supply reservoir is Risdon Brook Dam. Ironically, it was the poor supply from this water source during summer months that originally led to the abandonment of the initial British camp at Risdon Cove. However its supply during wet months is ample, and the catchment at Risdon Brook Dam provides much of the city's supply. This is supplemented by pipes that run under the carriageway of the Tasman Bridge. During the Tasman Bridge disaster, many witnesses recalled seeing large quantities of water gushing from the western side of the break in the bridge, and this was caused by these water supply pipes having been severed.
Electricity supply within the City of Clarence is administered by Aurora Energy on behalf of Hydro Tasmania, the state's sole electricity supply company. 99% of energy is generated by hydroelectricity. There is no provision for mains gas supply anywhere within the City of Clarence.
Culture, sport and recreation
Arts
For many years the eastern shore of the Derwent River lagged behind the development of arts and cultural activities that had occurred within Hobart itself. The first attempt at redressing this saw the establishment of public libraries in Bellerive and Lindisfarne. The original Bellerive Police Station was also redeveloped as a Community Arts Centre.
The council now sponsors an exhibition programme of arts at the historic Rosny Farm property. In 2006 the farmhouse was redeveloped in sympathy with its heritage to allow new visual and performing arts spaces.[49]
One area where the Clarence City Council has been particularly effective is in developing Community Arts events. For many years the Carols by Candlelight festival held annually in Charles Hand Park in the heart of the city, has continued to draw crowds of upwards of 20,000. Other annual events organised by the council include the City of Clarence Australia Day Festival, the Clarence Jazz Festival, and the Clarence Seafarers Festival – incorporating the Bellerive Regatta.[48]
Media
The City of Clarence has few local media services, but is provided with media services that cover the entire area of
Television is provided by five licensed operators, the government provided
Elite sports
The City of Clarence has a very active culture of sports. It is home to one of Australia's nine
Bellerive Oval is also home to two of the cities elite sports teams, the
Both teams have proved extremely successful: Clarence Football Club won the
Other amateur cricket clubs, Montagu Bay Cricket Club,[57] St. Aidans Cricket Club Inc.[58] and Richmond Cricket Club[59] are also based within Clarence, but compete in the Kookaburra Southern Cricket Association rather than the Tasmanian Grade Competition.[60]
teams, and play in the National Premier League. [61] Nelson Eastern Suburbs Soccer Club is also based in Clarence at the North Warrane Oval and also compete in the Southern Championship.Other sport
The standard of public sporting facilities is generally excellent throughout the city, with provision for most popular sports at venues such as the
There is also a very active club sports community within most of these sports. Tennis, golf and bowls are also popular, particularly amongst older adults. Rosny Park Public Golf Course is a 9-hole golf course located in the heart of the city, but there are also seven other golf courses located throughout Clarence, including Tasmania's premier club, the Tasmanian Golf Club.
Most local schools participate in school competitions in major popular sports such as
. Many of these schools are equipped with their own home grounds for many of these sports and almost all at least have cricket grounds.Recreation
The city of Clarence is blessed with many open spaces, parks and areas of bushland. In addition to hills, there is 191 km (119 mi) of shoreline, much of which is connected with paths, as well as over 30 beaches.[48]
Demography
As at the
The City of Clarence is a primarily residential city with 20,737 dwellings, although small scale manufacturing, agriculture, viticulture, retail and government administration are all prevalent. The majority of the residences (17,298) in Clarence are separate
The major sectors of employment are retail (20%), education (12%), health and Community services (12%), property management and business services (5%), and construction and trades (5%).[64] The average weekly income of Clarence residents (August 2006) is $458, which is $60 above the state average. The median household income is $1,124, $92 above the states average, and proves to be an average increase of 8% from the 2001 average.[64]
85% of residents of Clarence were born in Tasmania, similar to the state average of 83%. Of those, 92% identified as being
92% of Clarence residents spoke English as their primary language. Other languages identified as frequently spoken within the city were Greek (199 speakers), German (157), Italian (107), Spanish (80), and Dutch (60). 3,155 residents identified various other languages as regularly spoken within the city.[64]
The most commonly identified religious beliefs amongst residents of the City of Clarence were
See also
- List of local government areas of Tasmania
References
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- ^ a b "Agency Details: Clarence Municipal Council (1)". search.archives.tas.gov.au. Tasmanian Government. Retrieved 11 June 2018.
- ^ "3218.0 – Regional Population Growth, Australia, 2017-18: Population Estimates by Local Government Area (ASGS 2018), 2017 to 2018". Australian Bureau of Statistics. Australian Bureau of Statistics. 27 March 2019. Retrieved 25 October 2019. Estimated resident population, 30 June 2018.
- ^ The Aboriginal Tasmanians. By Lyndall Ryan. Sydney, NSW (1996) [2nd Ed.]
- ^ a b c d History of Tasmania. John West. Launceston, Tasmania (1854) [2 vols] (see: Vol. 1, pp.27)
- ^ The Eastern Shore - A History of Clarence. Published by the Clarence City Council. Clarence, Tasmania. (2003)
- ^ a b c d 'The Eastern Shore - A History of Clarence' By Alison Alexander (2003)
- ^ 26 Nov 1860 - CLARENCE MUNICIPALITY. Trove.nla.gov.au. Retrieved 2013-07-16.
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- ^ The Encyclopedia of Aboriginal Australia. (ed.) David Horton. Canberra: Aboriginal Studies Press, 1994 [2 vols] (see: Vol. 2, pp.1008 -1010 [with map]; individual tribal entries; and the 'Further Reading' section on pp.1245 -1272).
- ^ a b c Clarence Plains Online Access Centre Archived 30 April 2013 at the Wayback Machine
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- ^ History of Tasmania. John West. Launceston, Tasmania (1854) [2 vols] (see: Vol. 1, pp.15)
- ^ History of Tasmania. John West. Launceston, Tasmania (1854) [2 vols] (see: Vol. 1, pp.27-28)
- ^ a b Clark, J. "This Southern Outpost, Hobart 1846-1914" pp. 1
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- ^ Clarence District Cricket Club
- ^ "Montagu Bay Sharks Cricket Club". montagubaysharks.tas.cricket.com.au. Retrieved 23 April 2018.
- ^ "Contacts and Office Bearers – Kookaburra Southern Cricket Association". www.southerncricket.com.au. Retrieved 23 April 2018.
- ^ "Contacts and Office Bearers – Kookaburra Southern Cricket Association". www.southerncricket.com.au. Retrieved 23 April 2018.
- ^ "Kookaburra Southern Cricket Association". www.southerncricket.com.au. Retrieved 23 April 2018.
- ^ "Clarence United FC – CUFC FOR LIFE". clarenceunited.org.au. Archived from the original on 27 February 2016. Retrieved 23 April 2018.
- ^ "RugbyNet - the "Telstra Shop" Eastern Suburbs Roosters". Archived from the original on 7 January 2016. Retrieved 11 November 2015.
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- ^ a b c d e f "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 May 2009. Retrieved 27 December 2008.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
Further reading
- A Alexander, The eastern shore, Rosny Park, 2003.
- The Eastern Shore – A History of Clarence. Published by the Clarence City Council. Clarence, Tasmania. (2003)
- Clarence – A Brighter Place. Published by the Clarence City Council. Clarence, Tasmania. (2003)
- West, John (1852), The history of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania: H. Dowling, retrieved 26 January 2012, Vol 1, Vol 2