Civilization state
Part of the Politics series |
Basic forms of government |
---|
List of countries by system of government |
Politics portal |
A civilization state, or civilizational state,
The term was first coined in the 1990s as a way to describe China,[3] later India but has also been used to describe countries such as Egypt, Russia, Turkey, Iran[4] and the United States.[2][5][6]
The term has been popularized by Bruno Maçães in a series of essays since 2018.[7]
China as a civilization state
The term "civilization-state" was first used by American political scientist
According to
Guang Xia pushes back on the idea of the uniqueness of a Chinese civilization-state. Xia argues that civilization-state discourse in
India, Egypt and other proposed civilization states
Egypt
By creating a civilizational continuation between ancient Egypt and contemporary Egypt with its Muslim characteristics, Egypt is another example of a civilization state that centers its continuous historical and cultural identity and tradition that contrast the West's global cultural dominance.[6]
India
India is another example of a civilization state, with political commentators arguing that a shared Indian identity predates British colonization and Islamic invasions.[10][2][15][16] India as a Hindu majority state, is perhaps the only nation that still follows a Bronze Age religion, i.e. Hinduism. It is suggested by some scholars, taking support of archaeological evidences together with analogy of later cult divinities and religious practices, that roots of Hinduism could be diagnosed in the Bronze Age civilization. [17][18]
Russia
Vladimir Putin's administration has at times embraced the rhetoric of portraying Russia as a distinct Eurasian civilization-state.[2][5][19]
Criticism
British journalist Gideon Rachman argued in a 2019 article that the concept of a civilization state is at odds with modern conceptions of universal human rights and common democratic standards, and is inherently exclusive to minority groups who do not share the feature(s) that define a particular civilization state (for example, they may have a different religion).[2]
See also
- Chinese exceptionalism
- Cradle of civilization
- Empire
- Greater India
- Imperialism
- Nation state
- Superstate
- Tributary system of China
- Westphalian sovereignty
Scholars
- Christopher Coker
- Lucian Pye
- Zhang Weiwei and his 2011 book The China Wave: Rise of a Civilizational State
References
- John Wiley & Sons.
- ^ a b c d e Rachman, Gideon (4 March 2019). "China, India and the rise of the 'civilisation state'". Financial Times. Retrieved 2019-07-01.
- ^ Pye, Lucian W.1990. "Erratic State, Frustrated Society." Foreign Affairs. 69(4): 56-74
- ^ ASHLEY FORD, Christopher (11 November 2019). "Ideological "Grievance States" and Nonproliferation: China, Russia, and Iran". U.S. Department of State. INSTITUTE FOR NATIONAL SECURITY STUDIES (INSS). Retrieved 23 October 2023.
- ^ a b "Huntington's disease and the clash of civilisation-states". The Economist. 2 January 2020.
- ^ a b "The return of the pharaohs: The rise of Egypt's civilization-state". Middle East Institute. 2021-09-16. Retrieved 2021-09-25.
- ^ Maçães, Bruno (2020-06-15). "The Attack Of The Civilization-State".
{{cite journal}}
: Cite journal requires|journal=
(help) - ^ a b Xing, Li (2013). "The political economy of Chinese state capitalism". Journals.AAU.dk/Index.PHP/Jcir/Article/Download/218/155. 1 – via journals.aau.dk.
- ^ ISSN 1877-0428.
- ^ OCLC 883334381.
- ^ "Civilization state versus nation-state - Martin Jacques". www.martinjacques.com. Retrieved 2019-07-01.
- ^ Tu, Weiming (1994). The Living Tree: The Changing Meaning of Beijing Chinese Today. Stanford University Press. pp. 3–4.
- ^ Zheng, Yongnian (2004). Will China Become Democratic?: Elite, Class and Regime Transition. Singapore EAI. p. 81.
- ^ Huang, Ping (2005). 'Beijing Consensus' or 'Chinese Experiences' or what?. p. 6.
- ^ "India is not a nation-state, or a state-nation. It is a civilisational-state". Hindustan Times. 2019-12-19. Retrieved 2020-07-20.
- ^ Maçães, Bruno (15 June 2020). "The Attack Of The Civilization-State". NOEMA. Retrieved 2022-02-27.
- ^ Shah, Ibrahim (2013-01-01). "A Review of Hinduism and its Historical Development. | Putaj Humanities & Social Sciences | EBSCOhost". openurl.ebsco.com. Retrieved 2024-02-13.
- JSTOR 1397866.
- S2CID 146853956.
Citations
- Zhang Weiwei 2012. The China Wave: Rise of a Civilizational State. Singapore: World Scientific Publishing. The China Wave
External links
- China vs India: The State and the Society on YouTube by Kraut – Mentions Chinese civilization state(during marked time stamp).
- Podcast about Christopher Coker's book The Rise of the Civilizational State (Polity Press, 2019)