Copper(II) phosphate

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For other uses, see
Copper phosphate
.
Copper(II) phosphate
(Cu2+)3 [PO43−]2
Names
IUPAC name
copper(II) phosphate
Other names
tricopper diphosphate
tricopper bis(orthophosphate)
Identifiers
3D model (
JSmol
)
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard
 100.029.322 Edit this at Wikidata
UNII
  • InChI=1S/3Cu.2H3O4P/c;;;2*1-5(2,3)4/h;;;2*(H3,1,2,3,4)/q3*+2;;/p-6
    Key: GQDHEYWVLBJKBA-UHFFFAOYSA-H
SMILES
  • [O-]P(=O)([O-])[O-].[O-]P(=O)([O-])[O-].[Cu+2].[Cu+2].[Cu+2]
Properties
Cu3(PO4)2
Molar mass 380.580722 g/mol (anhydrous)
434.63 g/mol (trihydrate)
Appearance light bluish-green powder (anhydrous)
blue or olive crystals (trihydrate)
slightly soluble[1]
1.4×10−37[2]
Solubility anhydrous:
soluble in
ammonium hydroxide
slightly soluble in acetone
insoluble in ethanol
Structure
orthorhombic (trihydrate)
Hazards
GHS labelling:
GHS05: CorrosiveGHS07: Exclamation markGHS09: Environmental hazard
Danger
H315, H318, H410
P264, P264+P265, P273, P280, P302+P352, P305+P354+P338, P317, P321, P332+P317, P362+P364, P391, P501
NIOSH (US health exposure limits):
PEL (Permissible)
 TWA 1 mg/m3 (as Cu)[3]
REL (Recommended)
 TWA 1 mg/m3 (as Cu)[3]
IDLH
(Immediate danger)
 TWA 100 mg/m3 (as Cu)[3]
Related compounds
Other cations
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).

Copper(II) phosphate is an

trihydrate
are blue solids.

Preparation

Hydrated copper(II) phosphate precipitates upon addition of a solution of alkali metal phosphate to an aqueous solution of copper(II) sulfate.[4] The anhydrous material can be produced by a high-temperature (1000 °C) reaction between diammonium phosphate and copper(II) oxide.[5]

2 (NH4)2HPO4 + 3 CuO → Cu3(PO4)2 + 3 H2O + 4 NH3

In laboratories, copper phosphate is prepared by the addition of phosphoric acid to an alkali copper salt such as copper hydroxide, or basic copper carbonate.

3 Cu(OH)2 + 2 H3PO4 → 6 H2O + Cu3(PO4)2
3 Cu2(OH)2CO3 + 4 H3PO4 → 2 Cu3(PO4)2 + 3 CO2 + 9 H2O

Uses

Copper(II) phosphate has many uses. Due to it being a copper metal salt it can be used as a fungicide; it works by denaturating proteins and enzymes in cells of pathogens. Many other copper salts, such as copper sulfate, are used as fungicides. [6]

Another use of copper(II) phosphate is as a fertilizer. Copper is one of the 16 essential elements required for plant growth. Copper(II) phosphate supplies the plant with both phosphorus and copper, which stimulates growth.[7]

Structure

Structure of Cu3(PO4)2(H2O). Color code: red = O, blue = Cu, purple = P.

In terms of structure, copper(II) phosphate is a coordination polymer, as is typical for most metal phosphates. The phosphate center is tetrahedral. In the anhydrous material, the copper centers are pentacoordinate. In the monohydrate, the copper adopts 6-, 5-, and 4-coordinate geometries.[8]

Minerals

Copper(II) phosphate is relatively commonly encountered as the hydrated species Cu2(PO4)OH, which is green and occurs naturally as the mineral libethenite. Pseudomalachite, Cu5(PO4)2(OH)4, is the most common copper phosphate in nature, typical for some oxidation zones of copper ore deposits.[9][10]

References

  1. ISBN 9780911910124
    . Retrieved 28 August 2023.
  2. ISBN 978-1138561632
    .
  3. ^ a b c NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. "#0150". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
  4. ISBN 3527306730
    .
  5. doi:10.1107/S0567740877010012
    .
  6. ^ "Copper Fungicides for Organic and Conventional Disease Management in Vegetables | Cornell Vegetables". www.vegetables.cornell.edu. Retrieved 2023-08-28.
  7. ISSN 0030-0950. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help
    )
  8. doi:10.1016/S0022-4596(85)80014-1
    .
  9. ^ [https://www.mindat.org/min-3299.html Pseudomalachite on Mindat
  10. ^ "List of Minerals". 21 March 2011.
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