Demographics of New Brunswick
First Nations in New Brunswick include the
Many of the English-Canadian population of New Brunswick are descended from
Population history
Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on Phabricator and on MediaWiki.org. |
Year | Population | Five Year % change |
Ten Year % change |
Rank Among Provinces |
---|---|---|---|---|
1824 | 74,176 | n/a | n/a | n/a |
1834 | 119,457 | n/a | 61.0 | n/a |
1841 | 156,162 | n/a | n/a | n/a |
1851 | 193,800 | n/a | 24.1 | n/a |
1861 | 252,047 | n/a | 30.0 | n/a |
1871 | 285,594 | n/a | 13.3 | 4 |
1881 | 321,233 | n/a | 12.5 | 4 |
1891 | 321,263 | n/a | 0.0 | 4 |
1901 | 331,120 | n/a | 3.1 | 4 |
1911 | 351,889 | n/a | 6.3 | 8 |
1921 | 387,876 | n/a | 10.2 | 8 |
1931 | 408,219 | n/a | 5.2 | 8 |
1941 | 457,401 | n/a | 12.0 | 8 |
1951 | 515,697 | n/a | 12.7 | 8 |
1956 | 554,616 | 7.5 | n/a | 8 |
1961 | 597,936 | 7.8 | 15.9 | 8 |
1966 | 616,788 | 3.2 | 11.2 | 8 |
1971 | 634,560 | 2.9 | 6.9 | 8 |
1976 | 677,250 | 6.7 | 9.8 | 8 |
1981 | 696,403 | 2.8 | 9.7 | 8 |
1986 | 709,445 | 1.9 | 4.8 | 8 |
1991 | 723,900 | 2.0 | 3.9 | 8 |
1996 | 738,133 | 2.0 | 4.0 | 8 |
2001 | 729,498 | -1.2 | 0.8 | 8 |
2006 | 729,997 | 0.1 | -1.1 | 8 |
2011 | 751,171 | 2.9 | 3.0 | 8 |
2016 | 747,101 | -0.5 | 2.3 | 8 |
2021 | 775,610 | 3.8 | 3.2 | 8 |
Source:[3] Statistics Canada[4][5]
Population geography
This section needs to be updated.(September 2023) |
City Metropolitan Areas
City[6] | 2021 | 2016 | 2011 | 2006 | Land area (km2) | Density (/km2) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Greater Moncton | 157,717 | 144,810 | 138,644 | 126,424 | 2,562.47 | 61.5 |
Greater Saint John | 130,613 | 126,202 | 127,761 | 122,389 | 3,505.66 | 37.3 |
Greater Fredericton | 108,610 | 102,690 | 94,268 | 85,688 | 6,014.66 | 18.1 |
Greater Bathurst |
31,387 | 31,110 | 33,484 | 34,106 | 2,100.05 | 14.9 |
Greater Miramichi |
27,593 | 27,518 | 28,115 | 28,773 | 7,564.06 | 3.6 |
Greater Edmundston |
21,144 | 21,955 | 21,903 | 22,471 | 1,582.36 | 14.0 |
Greater Campbellton |
13,330 | 14,679 | 17,842 | 17,878 | 1,525.45 | 8.7 |
Cities and towns
Town | Population (2011) | Population ranking | Land area (km2) | Area ranking | Density (/km2) | Density ranking |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bathurst | 12,275 | 9 | 91.86 | 6 | 133.6 | 24 |
Beresford | 4,351 | 20 | 19.20 | 17 | 226.6 | 18 |
Bouctouche |
2,423 | 26 | 18.34 | 19 | 132.1 | 25 |
Campbellton | 7,385 | 12 | 18.66 | 18 | 395.7 | 9 |
Caraquet | 4,169 | 23 | 68.26 | 8 | 61.1 | 35 |
Dalhousie | 3,512 | 24 | 14.51 | 23 | 242.1 | 17 |
Dieppe | 23,310 | 4 | 54.11 | 11 | 430.8 | 6 |
Edmundston | 16,032 | 8 | 107.00 | 5 | 149.8 | 23 |
Florenceville-Bristol | 1,639 | 29 | 15.61 | 22 | 105.0 | 29 |
Fredericton | 56,224 | 3 | 131.67 | 4 | 427.0 | 7 |
Grand Bay–Westfield |
5,117 | 17 | 59.86 | 9 | 85.5 | 33 |
Grand Falls | 5,706 | 14 | 18.05 | 20 | 315.9 | 13 |
Hampton | 4,292 | 22 | 21.00 | 16 | 204.3 | 21 |
Hartland | 947 | 35 | 9.63 | 30 | 98.4 | 31 |
Lamèque |
1,432 | 31 | 12.45 | 28 | 115.1 | 27 |
Miramichi | 17,811 | 7 | 179.93 | 2 | 99.0 | 30 |
McAdam | 1,404 | 32 | 14.47 | 24 | 97.02 | 32 |
Moncton | 69,074 | 2 | 141.17 | 3 | 489.3 | 2 |
Nackawic |
1,049 | 34 | 8.40 | 32 | 124.9 | 26 |
Oromocto | 8,932 | 11 | 22.37 | 15 | 399.2 | 8 |
Quispamsis | 17,886 | 6 | 57.06 | 10 | 313.5 | 14 |
Richibucto |
1,286 | 33 | 11.83 | 27 | 108.7 | 28 |
Riverview | 19,128 | 5 | 33.88 | 13 | 564.6 | 1 |
Rothesay | 11,947 | 10 | 34.77 | 12 | 343.6 | 12 |
Sackville | 5,558 | 15 | 74.32 | 7 | 74.8 | 34 |
Saint Andrews | 1,889 | 28 | 8.35 | 33 | 226.2 | 19 |
Saint John | 70,063 | 1 | 315.82 | 1 | 221.8 | 20 |
Saint-Léonard | 1,343 | 32 | 5.20 | 34 | 258.3 | 16 |
Saint-Quentin | 2,095 | 27 | 4.30 | 35 | 486.7 | 3 |
Shediac | 6,053 | 13 | 12.50 | 26 | 484.4 | 4 |
Shippagan |
2,603 | 25 | 9.94 | 29 | 261.9 | 15 |
St. George | 1,543 | 30 | 16.13 | 21 | 95.6 | 32 |
St. Stephen | 4,817 | 19 | 13.45 | 24 | 358.0 | 11 |
Sussex | 4,312 | 21 | 9.03 | 31 | 477.4 | 5 |
Tracadie–Sheila |
4,933 | 18 | 24.65 | 14 | 200.1 | 22 |
Woodstock | 5,254 | 16 | 13.41 | 25 | 391.7 | 10 |
Ethnic origin
The information in the following table contains data from the 2021 Candidan census conducted by Statistics Canada.[7]
Of the 233,000 New Brunswickers whose mother tongue is French, the great majority are Acadians.[8] Most have indicated their ethnic origin as French and not as Acadian, so that the number of Acadians shown is much smaller.
Ethnic origin | 2021 population | Percent |
---|---|---|
Canadien
|
174,910 | 23.0% |
Irish | 155,915 | 20.5% |
English | 137,145 | 18.1% |
Scottish | 134,350 | 17.7% |
French, n.o.s. | 118,205 | 15.3% |
Acadian | 108,375 | 14.3% |
German | 33,200 | 4.4% |
New Brunswicker
|
22,365 | 2.9% |
French Canadian
|
18,650 | 2.5% |
British, n.o.s. | 16,630 | 2.2% |
Dutch | 13,310 | 1.8% |
First Nations | 13,550 | 1.8% |
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s. | 12,655 | 1.7% |
European, n.o.s. | 11,565 | 1.5% |
Welsh | 11,500 | 1.5% |
Métis
|
9,445 | 1.2% |
Italian | 8,255 | 1.1% |
American | 7,185 | 0.9% |
North American Indigenous | 5,675 | 0.7% |
Québécois | 5,415 | 0.7% |
Indian
|
5,655 | 0.7% |
Filipino | 4,960 | 0.6% |
Chinese | 4,600 | 0.6% |
Ukrainian | 4,600 | 0.6% |
Danish | 4,170 | 0.5% |
Visible minorities and Indigenous peoples
Visible minority and Indigenous population (2021 Canadian census)[9] | |||
---|---|---|---|
Population group | Population | % | |
European[a] |
681,695 | 89.8% | |
Visible minority group |
South Asian | 8,630 | 1.1% |
Chinese | 4,085 | 0.5% | |
Black | 12,155 | 1.6% | |
Filipino |
5,190 | 0.7% | |
Arab | 5,060 | 0.7% | |
Latin American | 2,450 | 0.3% | |
Southeast Asian | 1,890 | 0.2% | |
West Asian | 915 | 0.1% | |
Korean |
1,655 | 0.2% | |
Japanese | 250 | 0.0% | |
Visible minority, n.i.e. | 550 | 0.1% | |
Multiple visible minorities | 1,375 | 0.2% | |
Total visible minority population | 44,205 | 5.8% | |
Indigenous group |
First Nations (North American Indian) | 20,960 | 2.8% |
Métis |
10,170 | 1.3% | |
Inuk (Inuit) | 685 | 0.1% | |
Multiple Indigenous responses | 485 | 0.1% | |
Indigenous responses n.i.e. | 995 | 0.1% | |
Total Indigenous population | 33,295 | 4.4% | |
Total population | 759,195 | 100.0% |
Languages
Compared to other provinces, New Brunswick has a relatively even split of French and English population.
As a comparison, the minority language communities of Ontario and Quebec (
Language policy remains a perennial issue in New Brunswick society and politics. Recurring debates have arisen in regards to interpretation of the provincial bilingualism policy, duality (the system of parallel French and English speaking public services), and specifics of implementation. The extent of the provincial policy on bilingualism means that a new row is never far off in the New Brunswick news cycle.[12][13] The French-speaking community continues to advocate for full funding of French-language public services and fair representation in public sector employment, while some Anglophones (and Francophones) fear that the system of duality is financially inefficient and its extent is not worthwhile, or that the provincial governments targets for bilingualism in public employment are hurting their chances to work for the government, as Anglophones are less likely than Francophones to be proficient enough in both official languages to use them in employment.
The province's bilingual status is enshrined in both provincial and federal law. The Canadian Constitution makes specific mention of New Brunswick's bilingual status and defines the spirit of implementation as one based on both community and individual rights (in contrast with the constitutional protections for the other provinces that is limited to individuals, though this extends to "community" issues in terms of provision of schooling etc.). The
In 2012, New Brunswick francophones scored lower on the Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies than their anglophone counterparts in New Brunswick.[14]
Knowledge of languages
The question on knowledge of languages allows for multiple responses. The following figures are from the 2021 Canadian Census, and lists languages that were selected by at least 0.5 per cent of respondents.
Language | 2021[16] | |
---|---|---|
Pop. | % | |
English | 698,025 | 91.94% |
French | 317,825 | 41.86% |
Spanish | 7,580 | 1% |
Arabic
|
6,090 | 0.8% |
Tagalog
|
4,225 | 0.56% |
Hindi | 3,745 | 0.49% |
Mother tongue
New Brunswick's official languages are shown in bold. Figures shown are for the number of single-language responses and the percentage of total single-language responses. During the 19th century Scottish Gaelic was also spoken in the Campbellton and Dalhousie area. The language died out as a natively-spoken language in the province in the early 20th century.
The
Ranking | Language | Population | Percentage |
---|---|---|---|
1. | English | 479,930 | 65.58% |
2. | French | 233,530 | 31.90% |
3. | Algonquian languages | 2,125 | 0.29% |
Mi'kmaq | 2,115 | 0.29% | |
Cree language
|
10 | 0.001% | |
4. | Chinese | 1,825 | 0.25% |
Mandarin
|
405 | 0.06% | |
Cantonese
|
225 | 0.03% | |
Taiwanese
|
5 | 0.001% | |
5. | Korean | 1,810 | 0.25% |
6. | German | 1,805 | 0.25% |
7. | Arabic | 1,325 | 0.18% |
8. | Spanish | 1,135 | 0.16% |
9. | Dutch (Nederlands) | 925 | 0.13% |
10. | Tagalog | 585 | 0.08% |
11. | Hindustani | 455 | 0.06% |
Hindi | 250 | 0.03% | |
Urdu | 205 | 0.03% | |
12. | Persian | 450 | 0.06% |
13. | Italian | 440 | 0.06% |
14. | Romanian | 420 | 0.06% |
15. | Russian | 355 | 0.05% |
16. | Vietnamese | 285 | 0.04% |
17. | Serbo-Croatian languages | 280 | 0.04% |
Serbian | 120 | 0.02% | |
Croatian | 75 | 0.01% | |
Bosnian | 40 | 0.01% | |
18. | Polish | 255 | 0.03% |
19. | Scandinavian languages
|
235 | 0.03% |
Danish | 145 | 0.01% | |
Norwegian | 45 | 0.01% | |
Swedish | 45 | 0.01% | |
20. | Portuguese | 220 | 0.03% |
21. | Bantu languages | 200 | 0.03% |
Swahili | 140 | 0.02% | |
22. | Bengali | 180 | 0.02% |
23. | Hungarian (Magyar) | 155 | 0.02% |
24. | Greek | 140 | 0.02% |
Note: "n.i.e.": not included elsewhere
There were also 45 single-language responses for
Religion
Religious group | 2021[18] | 2011[19] | 2001[20] | 1991[21] | 1981[22] | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | |
Christianity | 512,645 | 67.52% | 616,910 | 83.84% | 657,865 | 91.41% | 674,780 | 94.18% | 667,610 | 96.84% |
Irreligion | 225,125 | 29.65% | 111,435 | 15.14% | 57,665 | 8.01% | 38,740 | 5.41% | 19,685 | 2.86% |
Islam | 9,190 | 1.21% | 2,640 | 0.36% | 1,270 | 0.18% | 255 | 0.04% | 315 | 0.05% |
Hinduism | 3,340 | 0.44% | 820 | 0.11% | 470 | 0.07% | 610 | 0.09% | 475 | 0.07% |
Sikhism | 1,780 | 0.23% | 20 | 0% | 90 | 0.01% | 45 | 0.01% | 50 | 0.01% |
Buddhism | 1,120 | 0.15% | 975 | 0.13% | 550 | 0.08% | 365 | 0.05% | 240 | 0.03% |
Indigenous spirituality
|
1,005 | 0.13% | 525 | 0.07% | — | — | — | — | — | — |
Judaism
|
1,000 | 0.13% | 620 | 0.08% | 670 | 0.09% | 880 | 0.12% | 845 | 0.12% |
Other | 3,990 | 0.53% | 1,895 | 0.26% | 1,120 | 0.16% | 830 | 0.12% | 160 | 0.02% |
Total responses | 759,195 | 97.88% | 735,835 | 97.96% | 719,710 | 98.66% | 716,495 | 98.98% | 689,370 | 98.99% |
Total population | 775,610 | 100% | 751,171 | 100% | 729,498 | 100% | 723,900 | 100% | 696,403 | 100% |
Migration
Immigration
Year | Immigrant percentage | Immigrant population | Total population |
---|---|---|---|
1881 | 9.7% | 31,068 | 321,233 |
1891 | 6.8% | 22,006 | 321,263 |
1901 | 5.4% | 17,942 | 331,120 |
1911 | 5.2% | 18,313 | 351,889 |
1921 | 5.5% | 21,458 | 387,876 |
1931 | 6% | 24,401 | 408,219 |
1941 | 4.5% | 20,592 | 457,401 |
1951 | 3.9% | 19,875 | 515,697 |
1961 | 3.9% | 23,283 | 597,936 |
1971 | 3.7% | 23,735 | 634,560 |
The 2021 census reported that immigrants (individuals born outside Canada) comprise 44,125 persons or 5.8 percent of the total population of New Brunswick.[25]
Country of birth | 2021[26][25] | 2016[27] | 2011[28][29] | 2006[30][31] | 2001[32][33] | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | |
United States | 6,480 | 14.7% | 7,615 | 22.5% | 8,225 | 28.9% | 8,655 | 32.8% | 7,960 | 35.4% |
United Kingdom | 4,915 | 11.1% | 4,605 | 13.6% | 5,260 | 18.5% | 5,210 | 19.7% | 5,300 | 23.6% |
Philippines | 3,780 | 8.6% | 1,340 | 4% | 705 | 2.5% | 350 | 1.3% | 210 | 0.9% |
India | 2,265 | 5.1% | 820 | 2.4% | 800 | 2.8% | 595 | 2.3% | 390 | 1.7% |
China | 2,125 | 4.8% | 2,215 | 6.6% | 1,050 | 3.7% | 925 | 3.5% | 490 | 2.2% |
Syria | 1,890 | 4.3% | 1,225 | 3.6% | 20 | 0.1% | 20 | 0.1% | 35 | 0.2% |
Germany | 1,395 | 3.2% | 1,620 | 4.8% | 1,650 | 5.8% | 1,770 | 6.7% | 1,570 | 7% |
South Korea | 1,180 | 2.7% | 1,495 | 4.4% | 1,620 | 5.7% | 370 | 1.4% | 25 | 0.1% |
France | 1,070 | 2.4% | 760 | 2.2% | 410 | 1.4% | 320 | 1.2% | 225 | 1% |
Nigeria | 980 | 2.2% | 115 | 0.3% | 40 | 0.1% | 30 | 0.1% | 50 | 0.2% |
Total immigrants | 44,125 | 5.8% | 33,810 | 4.6% | 28,465 | 3.9% | 26,400 | 3.7% | 22,470 | 3.1% |
Total responses | 759,195 | 97.9% | 730,710 | 97.8% | 735,835 | 98% | 719,650 | 98.6% | 719,710 | 98.7% |
Total population | 775,610 | 100% | 747,101 | 100% | 751,171 | 100% | 729,997 | 100% | 729,498 | 100% |
Recent immigration
The 2021 Canadian census counted a total of 16,040 people who immigrated to New Brunswick between 2016 and 2021.[25]
Recent immigrants to New Brunswick by country of birth (2016 to 2021)[25] | |||
---|---|---|---|
Country of birth | Population | % recent immigrants | |
Philippines | 2,325 | 14.5% | |
Syria | 1,700 | 10.6% | |
India | 1,365 | 8.5% | |
China | 975 | 6.1% | |
Nigeria | 905 | 5.6% | |
United States | 605 | 3.8% | |
Ukraine | 475 | 3% | |
Egypt | 445 | 2.8% | |
France | 390 | 2.4% | |
Democratic Republic of the Congo | 370 | 2.3% | |
Total | 16,040 | 100% |
Interprovincial migration
New Brunswick has typically experienced less emigration than its size and economic situation would suggest, probably because of the low rate of emigration of its francophone population.[citation needed]
In-migrants | Out-migrants | Net migration | |
---|---|---|---|
2008–09 | 11,268 | 11,505 | −237 |
2009–10 | 10,883 | 10,312 | 571 |
2010–11 | 10,167 | 10,325 | −158 |
2011–12 | 10,044 | 11,850 | −1,806 |
2012–13 | 8,517 | 11,807 | −3,290 |
2013–14 | 9,055 | 12,572 | −3,517 |
2014–15 | 9,184 | 11,974 | −2,790 |
2015–16 | 10,248 | 11,361 | −1,113 |
2016–17 | 10,136 | 9,702 | 434 |
2017–18 | 10,709 | 10,228 | 481 |
2018–19 | 11,945 | 11,339 | 606 |
Source: Statistics Canada
See also
Notes
- ^ Statistic includes all persons that did not make up part of a visible minority or an indigenous identity.
References
- ^ "French use declines at home and work as francophone numbers drop". CBC. 31 March 2019. Retrieved 15 February 2020.
- ^ "A scenic tour of New Brunswick's East Coast". WestJet Magazine. 2013-08-21. Archived from the original on 2020-05-18. Retrieved 2020-05-04.
- ^ Belshaw, John Douglas (2015). "10.2 Demographics". Canadian History: Pre-Confederation. BCCampus.
- ^ Population urban and rural, by province and territory (New Brunswick) Archived 2006-12-31 at the Wayback Machine. Statistics Canada, 2005.
- ^ Canada's population Archived November 4, 2008, at the Wayback Machine. Statistics Canada. Last accessed September 28, 2006.
- ^ "Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population". Stat Can. 9 February 2022. Retrieved 20 November 2023.
- ^ "Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population". Stat Can. Retrieved 20 November 2023.
- ^ "New Brunswick, the heart of today's Acadia". Salut Canada. Retrieved 20 November 2022.
Some 233,000i people whose mother tongue is French—the great majority of whom are Acadians—represent one third of the province's population.
- ^ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2022-10-26). "Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2023-07-04.
- ^ Canada, Government of Canada, Statistics (15 January 2001). "Population by mother tongue, by province and territory, excluding institutional residents (2011 Census) (New Brunswick, Quebec, Ontario)". www.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2016-05-05.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ "2014–2015 Annual Report, Office of the Commissioner of Official Languages of New Brunswick" (PDF). p. 39. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-10-10. Retrieved 2017-11-15.
- ^ "New Brunswick still debating language issues after 50 years of bilingualism | Toronto Star". thestar.com. 31 January 2016. Retrieved 2016-05-05.
- ^ "Liberals, PCs show fissures over bilingualism controversy". www.cbc.ca. Retrieved 2016-05-05.
- ^ "Study: The literacy skills of New Brunswick francophones". Statistics Canada. 2016-09-19. Retrieved 2016-09-21.
- ^ "Census Profile, 2016 Census - New Brunswick [Province] and Nova Scotia [Province] - Language". statcan.gc.ca. Statistics Canada. 9 August 2019. Retrieved 15 October 2019.
- ^ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2022-08-17). "Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population Profile table New Brunswick [Province]". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2022-08-17.
- ^ a b Detailed Mother Tongue (186), Knowledge of Official Languages (5), Age Groups (17A) and Sex (3) (2011 Census)
- ^ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2022-10-26). "Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2023-04-22.
- ^ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2015-11-27). "NHS Profile". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2023-04-22.
- ^ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2019-07-02). "2001 Community Profiles". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2023-04-22.
- ^ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2019-03-29). "Data tables, 1991 Census R9101 - Population by Religion (29), Showing Age Groups (13) Education (20% Data) - Canada, provinces and territories, census divisions and census subdivisions". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2023-04-22.
- ^ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2013-04-03). "1981 Census of Canada 20 per cent data base : highlight information on ethnicity, place of birth, citizenship, income, language, immigration, religion, shelter costs". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2023-04-22.
- ^ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2013-04-03). "Sixth census of Canada,1921 . Vol. II: Ages, conjugal condition, birthplace, birthplace of parents, year of immigration and naturalization, language spoken, literacy, school attendance, blindness and deaf-mutism". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2023-01-10.
- ^ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (4 September 2022). "1971 Census of Canada : population : vol. I – part 3 = Recensement du Canada 1971 : population : vol. I – partie 3. Birthplace. TABLE 42. Population Bom Outside Canada, Showing Numerical and Percentage Distribution, for Canada and Provinces, 1921-1971". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2023-01-10.
- ^ a b c d Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2022-10-26). "Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2022-12-04.
- ^ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2023-06-21). "Place of birth and period of immigration by gender and age: Province or territory". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2023-10-15.
- ^ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2019-06-17). "Data tables, 2016 Census Immigrant Status and Period of Immigration (11), Place of Birth (272), Age (7A) and Sex (3) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces and Territories, Census Divisions and Census Subdivisions, 2016 Census - 25% Sample Data". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2023-03-04.
- ^ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2019-01-23). "2011 National Household Survey: Data tables Profile - Immigration and Ethnocultural Diversity, and Aboriginal Peoples for Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Divisions and Census Subdivisions, National Household Survey, 2011". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2023-03-04.
- ^ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2019-01-23). "2011 National Household Survey: Data tables Citizenship (5), Place of Birth (236), Immigrant Status and Period of Immigration (11), Age Groups (10) and Sex (3) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2011 National Household Survey". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2023-11-11.
- ^ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2009-03-23). "Place of birth for the immigrant population by period of immigration, 2006 counts and percentage distribution, for Canada, provinces and territories - 20% sample data". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2023-03-04.
- ^ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2020-05-01). "2006 Census Topic-based tabulations Immigrant Status and Period of Immigration (8) and Place of Birth (261) for the Immigrants and Non-permanent Residents of Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2006 Census - 20% Sample Data". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2023-03-04.
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