Dysgerminoma
| Dysgerminoma | |
|---|---|
gynecology |
A dysgerminoma is a type of
malignant and usually occurs in the ovary
.
A tumor of the identical
or other parts of the body.Dysgerminoma accounts for less than 1% of ovarian tumors overall. Dysgerminoma usually occurs in adolescence and early adult life; about 5% occur in pre-pubertal children. Dysgerminoma is extremely rare after age 50. Dysgerminoma occurs in both ovaries in 10% of patients and, in a further 10%, there is microscopic tumor in the other ovary.
Abnormal
lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), which is sometimes used as a tumor marker
.
Signs and symptoms
They are exceptionally associated with hypercalcemia. On gross examination, dysgerminomas present with a smooth,
stroma contains lymphocytes and about 20% of patients have sarcoid-like granulomas
.
Metastases are most often present in the lymph nodes
.
Diagnosis
LDH tumour markers is elevated in 95% of the cases.
-
Dysgerminoma characterized by uniform cells separated by fibrous septa with lymphocytes, H&E stain. -
Low-power view of a dysgerminoma infiltrating the colonic wall, H&E stain.
Treatment
Dysgerminomas, like other
radiotherapy. For this reason, with treatment patients' chances of long-term survival, even cure, is excellent.[4] Targeted treatments for dysgerminomas that do not respond to chemotherapy are being evaluated.[4]
References
- PMID 17587461.
- ^ "dysgerminoma" at Dorland's Medical Dictionary
- ^ Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics, 18th ed. Chapter 553. Question 11, Gynecologic Problems of Childhood
- ^ PMID 32485873.