Falkirk
Falkirk
| |
---|---|
Town and administrative centre | |
![]() Falkirk High Street | |
Location within the Falkirk council area | |
Area | 11 km2 (4.2 sq mi) |
Population | 35,590 (2020)[1] |
• Density | 3,197/km2 (8,280/sq mi) |
Settled | 7th century |
Burgh Charter | 1600 |
Elevation | 37 m (121 ft)[2] |
OS grid reference | NS887801 |
Civil parish |
|
Council area | |
Lieutenancy area | |
Country | Scotland |
Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
Post town | FALKIRK |
Postcode district | FK1, FK2 |
Dialling code | 01324 |
Police | Scotland |
Fire | Scottish |
Ambulance | Scottish |
UK Parliament | |
Scottish Parliament | |
Website | www |
Falkirk (.
Falkirk had a resident population of 32,422 at the
The town is at the junction of the
Attractions in and around Falkirk include the Falkirk Wheel, The Helix, The Kelpies, Callendar House and Park and remnants of the Antonine Wall. In a 2011 poll conducted by STV, it was voted as Scotland's most beautiful town.[4]
History
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Romans_%28Antonine_Guard_Living_History_Society%29_saluting_at_the_Roman_vs_Picts_5k_race%2C_Callendar_House.jpg/220px-Romans_%28Antonine_Guard_Living_History_Society%29_saluting_at_the_Roman_vs_Picts_5k_race%2C_Callendar_House.jpg)
An Eaglais Bhreac is a derivative formed from the Scottish Gaelic cognate of the first recorded name Egglesbreth from the Brittonic for "speckled church",[5] presumably referring to a church building built of many-coloured stones. The Scottish Gaelic name was calqued into Scots as Fawkirk (literally "variegated church"[6]), then later amended to the modern English name of Falkirk. The Latin name Varia Capella also has the same meaning.[5] Falkirk Old Parish Church stands on the site of the medieval church, which may have been founded as early as the 7th century.[7]
The
In the 18th century the area was the cradle of Scotland's
Battles of Falkirk
Two important battles have taken place at Falkirk:
- The Battle of Falkirk fought on 22 July 1298, saw the defeat of William Wallace by King Edward I of England.
- The Battle of Falkirk Muir took place on 17 January 1746, the Jacobites under Charles Edward Stuart defeated a government army commanded by Lieutenant General Henry Hawley.
Government and politics
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Falkirk_towns.gif/250px-Falkirk_towns.gif)
In terms of local government the town sits at the heart of Falkirk Council area, one of the
Falkirk is located within the
In the
Prior to
Geography
![Falkirk and Stenhousemuir, as seen from above](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Falkirk_and_Stenhousemuir_from_the_air_%28geograph_5229656%29.jpg/220px-Falkirk_and_Stenhousemuir_from_the_air_%28geograph_5229656%29.jpg)
Falkirk is located in an area of undulating topography between the
The underlying geology of the town of Falkirk is characterised by glacial deposits. Elevations above 100 metres (328 ft) are covered by a mixture of glacial till and boulder clay with low-lying areas covered by sandy soils and loams.[25] As Falkirk is not far from the coast, post-glacial features akin to raised beaches are particularly predominant to the north of the town centre, and this gives rise to differing elevations within the town.[25]
Unsorted glacial till gives rise to such features of glacial deposition as eskers, and drumlins which are predominant over much of the area. Such elements provide natural transport routes and it is this complex underlying geology that the town is built upon.[25]
Climate
Like much of the rest of Scotland, Falkirk has a
Climate data for Falkirk, elevation: 0 m or 0 ft, 1981–2010 normals | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 7.0 (44.6) |
7.5 (45.5) |
9.6 (49.3) |
12.1 (53.8) |
15.2 (59.4) |
17.7 (63.9) |
19.7 (67.5) |
19.5 (67.1) |
16.9 (62.4) |
13.2 (55.8) |
9.7 (49.5) |
7.0 (44.6) |
12.9 (55.2) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | 4.0 (39.2) |
4.4 (39.9) |
6.0 (42.8) |
8.0 (46.4) |
10.8 (51.4) |
13.6 (56.5) |
15.5 (59.9) |
15.3 (59.5) |
12.9 (55.2) |
9.6 (49.3) |
6.4 (43.5) |
3.9 (39.0) |
9.2 (48.6) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 1.0 (33.8) |
1.2 (34.2) |
2.4 (36.3) |
3.9 (39.0) |
6.3 (43.3) |
9.4 (48.9) |
11.2 (52.2) |
11.0 (51.8) |
8.9 (48.0) |
5.9 (42.6) |
3.1 (37.6) |
0.8 (33.4) |
5.4 (41.7) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 114.4 (4.50) |
81.3 (3.20) |
81.0 (3.19) |
45.5 (1.79) |
51.8 (2.04) |
62.9 (2.48) |
64.2 (2.53) |
75.4 (2.97) |
81.5 (3.21) |
102.2 (4.02) |
92.8 (3.65) |
96.2 (3.79) |
949.2 (37.37) |
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 15.4 | 11.8 | 13.6 | 9.4 | 10.8 | 10.3 | 11.1 | 11.6 | 12.2 | 13.3 | 14.3 | 13.5 | 147.2 |
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 40.2 | 69.8 | 96.7 | 126.1 | 169.8 | 150.2 | 153.6 | 143.9 | 111.8 | 81.9 | 52.8 | 32.0 | 1,228.6 |
Source: Met Office[26] |
Demography
The
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/79/Falkirkskyline.png/600px-Falkirkskyline.png)
Economy
![Falkirk High Street with the Falkirk Steeple dominating the centre of the picture. Shops to the left and right are visible with many shoppers on the pedestrianised street.](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Kelpies.jpg/240px-Kelpies.jpg)
Today, the economy of Falkirk is focused on retail and services, in contrast to the heavy industries and manufacturing sectors which contributed to the growth of the town over the last 300 years. Falkirk is a large retail centre catering to the town itself and a wide surrounding area, stretching from
The public sector and public services also have a foothold in the Falkirk area. Falkirk Council is one of the largest employers in this sphere, with a workforce of over 7,000, many based at the council headquarters in the town centre.
Many Falkirk residents are also employed within the
Culture
![Part of the golf course with a large tree on the left and a bunker at the bottom, there is a large high rise flat visible in the distance](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Chouse01.jpg/220px-Chouse01.jpg)
Falkirk hosted a national arts festival which ran in Callendar Park from 2000–2009 called
Falkirk hosted the Royal National Mòd in 2008.[41] The Gold medals were won by Falkirk resident Lyle Kennedy and Kerrie Finlay from Inverness. Interest in Gaelic has grown in Falkirk since the Mòd and there are now five Gaelic organisations active in the Falkirk area: An Clas Gàidhlig (provides Gaelic lessons to adults), An Comunn Gàidhealach Meur na h-Eaglaise Brice (is the local branch of An Comunn Gàidhealach), Fèis Fhoirt (provides traditional music and Gaelic song tuition for children and adults), Falkirk Gaelic Forum (promotes Gaelic in Falkirk) and Falkirk Junior Gaelic Choir (is a long established and successful youth choir).
Recreation
The historical Callendar House is an imposing mansion with a 600-year history which is now a public museum and open access parkland, with a cafe and shop. The Park Gallery, a contemporary art gallery is also based in the house.[42]
![The Falkirk Wheel dominates the right of the picture with the tourist shop and restaurant dwarfed by the Wheel on the left, the bottom shows the marina with a boat in the centre](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/2007-07-04-06151_GreatBritain_Falkirk.jpg/220px-2007-07-04-06151_GreatBritain_Falkirk.jpg)
Health
Falkirk is administered by
Landmarks
The Falkirk Wheel, the only rotary canal connector in the world, is located within Falkirk. The attraction was completed in 2002 and it connects the Forth and Clyde Canal to the Union Canal.[45]
On Falkirk High Street lies the Falkirk Steeple. The current building was built in 1814 and is protected as a category A listed building. A stylised image of the steeple appears on the crest of Falkirk Football Club. The Steeple is widely regarded as the centre point of the town. Nearby, on Cow Wynd is the Tattie Kirk, a Category B listed octagonal former church built in 1804, adjacent to its former graveyard.[46][47]
The FTH Theatre (the "Falkirk Town Hall Theatre") in West Bridge Street was commissioned to replace the old town hall in Newmarket Street which was demolished in 1968.[48] In 2022, it was announced that the Town Hall and FTH Theatre would close as the building required significant renovation.[49] In 2023, it was announced that the Council would purchase the empty former Callendar Square shopping centre. The centre is due to be demolished in 2024 with a view to constructing a combined new town hall, theatre, library and civic space for Falkirk.[50][51]
Alongside the M9 between Falkirk and Grangemouth, The Kelpies are 30-metre-high (98 ft) horse-head sculptures depicting kelpies (shape-shifting water spirits). They are part of Helix Park, a land transformation project to improve the connections between and around communities in Falkirk.[52]
Transport
Roads
The
Railway
![A view from a bridge down onto the railway tracks of Falkirk Grahamston Station. The main building on the left and a waiting room on the right side of the tracks with another road bridge in the distance](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Falkirk_Grahamston_Bridge_edited.jpg/220px-Falkirk_Grahamston_Bridge_edited.jpg)
Falkirk has two railway stations: Falkirk High and Falkirk Grahamston.
Falkirk High is on the main
Falkirk Grahamston lies on the
Buses
Falkirk bus station lies in the town centre however since 20th of August, 2018 has been closed. It's bus routes which provided links to the cities of Stirling, Edinburgh and Glasgow, as well as local routes have now been moved to the nearby street of Newmarket Street.[53]
Education
![a side view of the Falkirk College Campus building with the main entrance at the bottom right and the road entering the campus at the bottom left](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Forth_Valley_College_-_geograph.org.uk_-_567748.jpg/220px-Forth_Valley_College_-_geograph.org.uk_-_567748.jpg)
Falkirk is home to one of the four campuses of Forth Valley College which was formed on 1 August 2005 from the merger of Falkirk, Stirling and Clackmannan colleges. The Falkirk Campus is by far the largest of the four campuses.
Secondary schools
Falkirk District is served by eight high schools which have all been recently rebuilt.
School | Roll | Opened | Catchment area |
Bo'ness Academy | Originally 1931, rebuilt 2000 | Blackness, Bo'ness Public, Deanburn, Grange, and Kinneil Primary Schools | |
Braes High School | 2000 | Avonbridge, California, Drumbowie, Maddiston, Shieldhill and Wallacestone Primary Schools | |
Denny High School | Originally 1959 | Denny, Nethermains, Dunipace, Head of Muir, Bankier and Bonnybridge Primary Schools | |
Falkirk High School | 1,200 | Originally 1886, rebuilt 2010 | Bainsford, Bantaskin, Carmuirs, Comely Park, Easter Carmuirs, Langlees, Limerigg and Slamannan Primary Schools |
Graeme High School | 1,200 | Originally 1930, rebuilt 2000 | Hallglen, Laurieston, St. Margaret's, Victoria, Westquarter and Whitecross Primary Schools |
Grangemouth High School | 810 | rebuilt 2009 | Bowhouse, Beancross, and Moray Primary Schools |
Larbert High School | 1,700 | Originally 1885, rebuilt 2000 | Airth, Bothkennar, Carron, Carronshore, Kinnaird, Ladeside, Larbert Village and Stenhousemuir Primary Schools |
St. Mungo's High School
|
1,200 | Originally 1953, rebuilt 2009 | Falkirk area |
Media
Falkirk is served by a weekly newspaper, the Falkirk Herald, which is published by Johnston Press. The company was established by the Johnston family from Falkirk, who have been involved in publishing since 1767. The family acquired the Herald, their first newspaper, in 1846. The publishing company was renamed F Johnston & Co Ltd in 1882, a title it would retain until it was floated on the London Stock Exchange as Johnston Press in 1988. The corporate headquarters of Johnston Press are now in Edinburgh, but the company retains two offices in Falkirk and Grangemouth.
Religion
The 2001 census[54] showed the majority of the population claim to belong to one of the Christian denominations with 48% of these being
The Church of Scotland's Presbytery of Falkirk includes congregations in Bo'ness, Bonnybridge, Cumbernauld, Grangemouth and Larbert, as well as Falkirk.
Sport
Football
Men's
Falkirk currently has three men's football teams, Falkirk Football Club, Stenhousemuir F.C. and East Stirlingshire Football Club.
![An evening game at a football stadium. The main stand on the right is filled with spectators and the empty pitch is being prepared for playing on the left](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Falkirk_Stadium_-_geograph.org.uk_-_996535.jpg/220px-Falkirk_Stadium_-_geograph.org.uk_-_996535.jpg)
Falkirk F.C. was founded in 1876 and was elected to compete in the Scottish Football League in 1902. The club's highest ranking came in the 1907–08 season and once again in 1909–10 when the club finished runners-up of Division One, the country's top football division, losing out to Celtic F.C. on both occasions. The club has reached the final of the Scottish Cup on five occasions, emerging victorious twice in 1913 and 1957 respectively. The club currently competes in the Scottish League One and plays their home games at the Falkirk Stadium near Grangemouth.
The town's other men's club, East Stirlingshire F.C., was founded in 1881 originally as Bainsford Britannia and has competed in the Scottish Football League since 1900. The club has predominantly played in the lower leagues of Scottish football, spending only two whole seasons in the top division after being promoted from Division Two in 1931–32 and 1962–63. The club currently competes in the Lowland Football League and from the 2018-19 season will play their home games at the Falkirk Stadium following a groundshare agreement with Falkirk F.C. Firs Park was the home of the club for the majority of the club's existence but was vacated at the end of the 2007/08 season.
Women's
Falkirk currently has two women's football teams, Central Girls Football Academy and Falkirk Ladies. Central play in the second tier (SWPL2) and Falkirk play in the third tier (SWFL) of women's football.[55]
Roller Derby
Falkirk is home to Scotland's first Co-ed Roller Derby League. Clubs from the area are the Skelpies men's team, the Central Belters women's team and the Belter Skelpers Co-ed team.[56]
Rugby
Falkirk Rugby Club can trace their roots to 1906 when F.R.F.C. was first formed. It was disbanded at the start of World War I. In 1972 the club was resurrected when the works team from ICI Grangemouth decided to become "open" and looked for a new home. They initially played at Stirling Road playing fields before building their clubhouse at the present site at Sunnyside in 1981. The club has risen through the ranks of rugby winning six consecutive promotions, five of them as league champions, a Scottish record.[citation needed]
Hockey
Falkirk also has a Hockey team, Falkirk GHG Hockey Club, which was formed from the merger of Graeme High School Former Pupils Hockey Club and Grangemouth Hockey Club in 1999. It now has four men's teams which play in various leagues, with their first team playing in the national league.
Basketball
Falkirk Fury Basketball Club, currently called Clark Eriksson Fury Basketball Club in a
or sometimes at the Grangemouth sports complex.Boxing
Falkirk Boxing Club was once running above the town's oldest pub The Wheatsheaf bar and bore such names as welterweight Jim Boyle and heavyweight Dearn Savage.
Archery
Falkirk has a number of archery clubs in and around the greater Falkirk area:
- Falkirk Company of Archers was established in 1971 and is affiliated to the Scottish Archery Association (SAA) which is a region of the national governing body; Archery GB. During summer, members shoot outdoors on Sunnyside playing fields and during winter members shoot indoors at Woodlands Games Hall. The club is a target archery club with most members shooting recurve bow, though traditional archery has made a resurgence in the club recently with some members shooting barebows, horse bows and longbow.
Twin towns
Falkirk is
Notable people
Art and literature
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/James_Aitken%2C_Falkirk_Writer_Died_1818.jpg/220px-James_Aitken%2C_Falkirk_Writer_Died_1818.jpg)
- Alan Bissett - a Scottish novelist
- Dame Elizabeth Blackadder - artist
- Alan Davie - artist (born Grangemouth)
- Janet Paisley - poet, playwright, author
- Stuart Reid - children's book author
Business and industry
- James Aitken (writer) - writer (lawyer)[60] c. 1778 - 1818[61]
- Walter Alexander - millionaire founder of Walter Alexander Coachbuilders in Falkirk, later to become the world's largest builder of coaches and buses, Alexander Dennis
- Robert Barr - founder of Barr's which makes Irn-Bru started his business at Burnfoot Lane, Falkirk
- Adam Crozier - chief executive of ITV plc and former chief executive of the Football Association
- Captain Robert Dollar - the Scottish-American businessman, was born in Falkirk and maintained a house there, which is now the centre of Dollar Park
- Carron Iron Works, was the largest landowner in Stirlingshire, and was seated in the centre of Falkirk at Callendar House
- Henry Adolph Salvesen naval architect and exporter
- James Walker (engineer) - influential civil engineer of the first half of the 19th century
- Sir John Wilson, 1st Baronet - made a fortune as a coal-master and built Bantaskine House on the South Bantaskine Estate, Falkirk. He was Unionist MP for Falkirk and was made a baronet
Historical
- The Lord Thurlow of Kinnaird, the Duke of Montrose and the Duke of Hamilton. The Bolton baronets of Carronhall were also seated near Falkirk, as were the Bruce baronets of Stenhouse, of whom the actor Nigel Brucewas a member, growing up at Stenhouse Castle.
Media and entertainment
- Gary Wales (actor) - Actor & Film Producer
- Adam Stafford - Musician and film maker
- Kaye Adams - Television presenter
- Ruth Connell - Actress and producer
- Elizabeth Fraser - Founding member and lead singer of the band from Grangemouth Cocteau Twins
- Robin Guthrie - Founding member and guitarist of the band from Grangemouth Cocteau Twins, music producer
- Brian McNeill - Founding member of the Battlefield Band, Scottish folk singer
- Forbes Masson - Actor and Writer
- Arab Strap
- Euan Morton - Actor and Singer, known for his role as Boy George in the musical Taboo
- David Paisley - Actor and Singer
Politics and society
- Elizabeth Caradus - Suffragette and Temperance activist
- social democratic politician, who is often cited as "father" of Canada's single-payerpublic health insurance system. Voted the "greatest Canadian of all time" in a nationwide poll
- Thomas W. Howie - Former Falkirk councillor
- John McAleese - team leader during the SAS assault on the Iranian embassy in May 1980 (brought up in Laurieston)[62][63]
- Sheila McKechnie - Scottish trade unionist, housing campaigner and consumer activist
- David Muir - former Director of Political Strategy to former Prime Minister Gordon Brown
- Robert D. Wilson - American politician and farmer; served in the Wisconsin State Assembly and was born in Falkirk[64]
- Iain Lindsay, British diplomat
- communist politician, leader of the Communist Party of Canadabetween 1923 and 1929
Science and technology
- John Aitken - physicist and meteorologist, operated from a laboratory in his home in Falkirk, where he first detected atmospheric dust particles using the koniscope, his invention.
- Ernest Masson Anderson -geologist, born in Falkirk
- Bill Buchanan (professor)- Leading computer security expert and author of many academic books.
- George Forrest - a Scottish botanist. Famous for bringing back over 30,000 specimens of 10,000 plants mostly from the Yunnan Province of China.
- FRSE- physician and pharmacologist
- FRSE(1839-1896) explosives expert
- Alfred Nobel befriended McRoberts and set up a detonator factory in Falkirk, living at Hawthorn Cottage in the Laurieston district for several years[65]
- George Trapp (educator) - scientist and headmaster
- Eric Vance - Chemist responsible for the coloration of Nomex, the essential fabric of most military uniforms, effectively designing the future of camouflage.
- Henry Wade - Military and urological surgeon
Sport and recreation
- Nicola Docherty - Rangers W.F.C. & Internationalist footballer
- Brown Ferguson - former footballer & current Manager of Stenhousemuir F.C.
- Steve Frew - Commonwealth Games Gold Medalist.Grangemouth Gymnast who won Scotland’s first Gymnastics Gold Medal in Commonwealth Games history.
- Colin Gallie - racing driver
- Bob Mauchline - footballer
- Bob McGregor - Swimmer who won silver in the 100m Freestyle at the 1964 Olympic Games
- John Meechan - footballer, centre-forward
- Charles Melville - cricketer
- Willie Ormond - former Hibs & Internationalist footballer
- David Provan - former Rangers & Plymouth Argyle footballer
- Leanne Ross - Glasgow City F.C. & Internationalist footballer
- St. Johnstonefootballer
- Everton& Internationalist footballer
- Eddie Turnbull - former Hibs & Internationalist footballer
- David Weir - former footballer
- Alex Wood (ice hockey) - ice hockey player
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- ^ "British towns twinned with French towns [via WaybackMachine.com]". Archant Community Media Ltd. Archived from the original on 5 July 2013. Retrieved 20 July 2013.
- ^ "Lawyer's office was the engine room of Falkirk district". www.falkirkherald.co.uk. Archived from the original on 4 June 2019. Retrieved 4 June 2019.
It was here in the 1790s that James Aitken from Polmont began working as a 'writer', as lawyers were called in those days
- ^ "Russel & Aitken Papers finding aid (7) : Papers of Aitken family, 1707-1931" (PDF). Falkirk Community Trust. Falkirk Community Trust. Retrieved 4 June 2019.[permanent dead link]
- ^ "John McAleese: Leader of the SAS team that ended the 1980 siege of the". independent.co.uk. 30 August 2011. Retrieved 20 March 2018.
- ^ Taylor, Steven (1 October 2017). "Story of heroic Scots-born SAS soldier to be turned into Netflix blockbuster". dailyrecord.co.uk. Retrieved 20 March 2018.
- ^ 'Wisconsin Blue Book 1880,' Biographical Sketch of Robert D. Wilson, pg. 515
- ^ "Nobels Factory in Redding was an explosive place". falkirkherald.co.uk. Archived from the original on 12 August 2017. Retrieved 20 March 2018.
Sources
- Dowds, T (2003): "The Forth and Clyde Canal - A History". Tuckwell Press. ISBN 1-86232-232-5
- Macleod, I (2004): "The Illustrated Encyclopaedia of Scotland". Lomond Books, Edinburgh. ISBN 1-84204-028-6
- Milne, D; Leitch, A; Duncan, A; Bairner, J & Johnston, J (1975): "The Falkirk and Grangemouth Area". Paper for the Scottish Association of Geography Teachers' (SAGT) conference, October 1975. Moray House College of Education, Edinburgh.
- Nimmo W (1880): "The History of Stirlingshire, Third Edition" Vol II. Hamilton, Adams and Company, Glasgow.
- Smith, R (2001): "The Making of Scotland". Canongate Books, Edinburgh. ISBN 1-84195-170-6
External links
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