Geum quellyon

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Geum quellyon
Geum quellyon cultivar 'Mrs Bradshaw'
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Rosales
Family: Rosaceae
Genus: Geum
Species:
G. quellyon
Binomial name
Geum quellyon
Synonyms

Geum quellyon, commonly called scarlet avens,

native to the central and southern regions of Chile.[3] G. quellyon has been introduced to other countries including Belgium,[8] Bolivia,[3] and the United Kingdom, where it was first planted in 1826.[9]

Description

Macroscale

Plants reach a height of between 6 and 100 centimeters (2.4 and 39.4 inches).[10] Leaves are compound, with between 3 and 10 pairs of leaflets.[10] G. quellyon grows a thick taproot which smells of cloves when broken due to the presence of aromatic compounds.[10][11] Flowers vary in colour from yellow-orange to pink-red.[12]

Microscale

When in metaphase, somatic chromosomes of G. quellyon (and of G. magellanicum, another species of Geum native to Chile)[13] are shorter and fatter than those in other Geum species.[14]

Distribution

G. quellyon is native to the following regions of Chile: Araucanía, Aysén, Biobío, Los Lagos (including the island of Chiloé),[15] Magallanes, Maule, Metropolitana de Santiago, Ñuble, O’Higgins, Los Ríos, and Valparaíso.[16]

Uses

Medicinal

See also: Medicinal plants

G. quellyon has been used in the traditional medicine of the Mapuche people of Chile for tooth neuralgia, gastric inflammation, prostatitis, and to regulate menstruation.[17][18] A methanolic extract is obtained from its roots.[18]

Observations of a kidney transplant patient showed a pharmacological interaction between G. quellyon and cyclosporine,[19] an immunosuppressant used to prevent transplant rejection.[20]

Horticultural

Geum quellyon 'Lady Stratheden'

Geum quellyon is commonly cultivated as a garden ornamental, and in that context is sometimes called Geum chiloense.[1] G. quellyon grows best in full sun to part shade, in moist but well-drained soil.[21][22] Plants become damaged and do not recover well if exposed to temperatures of −4.4 °C (24.1 °F) or below.[23]

Cultivars include:

  • Geum 'Blazing Sunset', which produces brick-red double flowers on tall stems from June to September.[24][25] It grows to a height and spread of approximately 60 centimeters (24 inches).[25]
  • Geum 'Lady Stratheden',[26] also known as Geum 'Gold Ball', which produces yellow semi-double flowers. The Royal Horticultural Society has awarded Geum 'Lady Stratheden' the Award of Garden Merit.[27]
  • Geum 'Mrs J Bradshaw',[28] which produces large semi-double flowers[29] from June to September.[30] It grows to a height and spread of approximately 60 cm.[31] It is often planted in cottage gardens.[32] The Royal Horticultural Society has awarded Geum 'Mrs J Bradshaw' the Award of Garden Merit.[29]
  • Geum 'Totally Tangerine', which is a hybrid of G. quellyon 'Mrs J Bradshaw' and G. rivale.[33] It grows to a height of 90 centimeters (35 inches), and produces sterile, peach-orange flowers.[34] It is subject to plant breeders' rights in the European Union and the United Kingdom until 31 December 2036.[35][36]

Diseases

G. quellyon may be affected by pathogens belonging to the genus Peronospora.[37]

Notes

  1. ^ Not to be confused with Geum coccineum Sm., which is a different species of Geum.[4]
  2. ^ Not to be confused with Geum grandiflorum K.Koch, which is a synonym of Geum coccineum Sm..[5]

References

  1. ^ a b USDA GRIN database, list of species in Geum, with synonyms
  2. ^ a b Colin Mills 2010. Hortus Camdenensis: An illustrated catalogue of plants grown by Sir William MacArthur and Camden Park N.S.W., Australia between c. 1820 & 1861
  3. ^ a b c d e "Geum quellyon Sweet". Plants of the World Online. Kew Science. Retrieved 2021-03-23.
  4. ^ "Geum coccineum Sm". Plants of the World Online. Kew Science. Retrieved 2021-03-27.
  5. ^ "Geum grandiflorum K.Koch". Plants of the World Online. Kew Science. Retrieved 2021-03-27.
  6. ^ BSBI List 2007 (xls). Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland. Archived from the original (xls) on 2015-06-26. Retrieved 2014-10-17.
  7. ^ Hawke, Richard G. (2017). "A Comparative Evaluation Study of Geum spp" (PDF). Plant Evaluation Notes (41). Retrieved 3 July 2017.
  8. ^ "Geum quellyon". www.cabi.org. Retrieved 2021-03-23.
  9. ^ Buchan, Ursula (7 June 2003). "How to grow: Geum 'Mrs J Bradshaw'". The Telegraph. Retrieved 2021-03-23.
  10. ^
    ASHS Press
    . Alexandria, VA.
  11. PMID 29137206
    .
  12. ^ Reilly, Ann (March 1988). "Here today... here tomorrow: a perennial garden will bring color to the landscape year after year without the headaches of re-planting" (PDF). Landscape Management. 27 (3): 42–46.
  13. Kew Science
    . Retrieved 2021-04-01.
  14. JSTOR 2438618
    .
  15. ^ "Geum chiloense (GEUCH)". gd.eppo.int. 2002-02-03. Retrieved 2021-03-28.
  16. ^ "Geum quellyon Sweet". chileanendemics.rbge.org.uk. Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh. Retrieved 2021-03-28.
  17. ^ Muñoz, O., Montes, M., Wilkomirsky, T., 2004. In: Maldonado, S. (Ed.), Plantas medicinales de uso en Chile: Quimica y farmacologia. Editorial Universitaria, S.A. Santiago, Chile, pp. 129–132
  18. ^ a b Russo, A.; Cardile, V.; Lombardo, L.; Vanella, L.; Vanella, A.; Garbarino, J.A. (2005). Antioxidant activity and antiproliferative action of methanolic extract of Geum quellyon Sweet roots in human tumor cell lines. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 100(3): 323-332. abstract
  19. ISSN 0034-9887
    .
  20. Lexico.com. Oxford University Press. 2020. Archived
    from the original on November 24, 2020. Retrieved 2021-03-28.
  21. ^ "Growing Guide: Geum". www.gardening.cornell.edu. 2006. Retrieved 2021-03-23.
  22. ^ "Geum 'Mrs. J. Bradshaw'". Missouri Botanical Garden. Retrieved 2021-03-23.
  23. ^ Johnson, Jim. "Management of Container Nursery Plant Material During Cold Weather". njaes.rutgers.edu. Retrieved 2021-03-28.
  24. ^ "Geum 'Blazing Sunset'". BBC Gardeners' World Magazine. Retrieved 2021-03-23.
  25. ^ a b Perrone, Jane (2014-04-19). "Plant of the week: Geum 'Blazing Sunset'". The Guardian. Retrieved 2021-04-01.
  26. JSTOR 42953869
    .
  27. ^ "Geum 'Lady Stratheden' (d) | avens 'Lady Stratheden'". rhs.org.uk. Royal Horticultural Society. Retrieved 2021-04-01.
  28. ^ Denver Plants: Geum chiloense 'Mrs. Bradshaw'
  29. ^ a b "Geum 'Mrs J. Bradshaw' (d) | avens 'Mrs J. Bradshaw'". rhs.org.uk. Royal Horticultural Society. Retrieved 2021-03-23.
  30. ^ "Geum 'Mrs J Bradshaw'". BBC Gardeners' World Magazine. Retrieved 2021-03-23.
  31. ^ "Best geums to grow". BBC Gardeners' World Magazine. Retrieved 2021-03-23.
  32. www.bbc.co.uk
    . Retrieved 2021-03-23.
  33. ^ "Geum 'Totally Tangerine'". Missouri Botanical Garden. Retrieved 2021-04-01.
  34. ^ "Geum 'Totally Tangerine' (PBR) | avens 'Totally Tangerine'". rhs.org.uk. Royal Horticultural Society. Retrieved 2021-04-01.
  35. ^ Certificate on the Grant of Community Plant Variety Rights, Decision No. 30066. Community Plant Variety Office (23 May 2011). Available from cpvoextranet.cpvo.europa.eu under application number 20091163.
  36. ^ "EU to UK transferred plant breeders' rights". GOV.UK (Spreadsheet). 3 February 2021. Retrieved 2021-04-01.
  37. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.622.2877
    .

External links
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