Jindires

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Gindarus
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Jindires
جنديرس
Town
UTC+3 (EEST)
Map

Jindires (

Hayat Tahrir al-Sham took partial control of the town,[4] followed by a complete takeover on 21 March 2023.[5]

Jindires is the administrative center of Nahiya Jindires of the Afrin District.

Name

Jindiris is the site of the ancient town of Gindarus or Gindaros (

Ancient Greek: Γίνδαρα).[6] The Middle Persian and Parthian transliterations, attested in Shapur I's inscription at the Ka'ba-ye Zartosht, are Gndlswy and Gndrws respectively.[7]

History

The ancient town was originally an

Ventidius and Pacorus himself was killed in battle.[9][7] Under the Romans the city belonged to Antioch.[8] In 252/3, during the second Roman campaign of Sasanian King Shapur I (r. 240–270), the city was captured by the Persians.[7] Emperor Theodosius I fortified the city during his reign (379–395).[10] Traces of the fortified wall still remain on the south and west side of the tell, while the modern village is located at the base.[11]

In the 14th century, during

al-Dimashqi who described it as "a town near Tizin, and in the territory of Jumah. It is a place full of habitations. There are thermal springs here, but it is unknown where the waters rise, or whither they flow."[12]

The 19th-century British writer, William Harrison Ainsworth, visited the village and described it in his magazine as "containing about fifty cottages, and characterized by its artificial mound, or tel, upon which but few traces are now to be met of the castle or citadel (Acropolis in Greek; Arx in Latin) of Cyrrhestica, and described by Strabo as 'a fit receptacle for thieves.'"[13]

Ecclesiastical history

The first and only known bishop of Gindarus was Peter, who attended the

St. Marinus were kept here but were later transferred to Antioch.[16] The bishopric is included in the Catholic Church's list of titular sees.[17]

Modern era

In the summer of 2012, during the

People's Protection Units (YPG).[18]

On 8 March 2018, Jindires was captured by the

6 February 2023
, with hundreds of residents killed or injured.

The SNA group Jaysh al-Sharqiya shot and killed four

HTS then expelled Jaysh al-Sharqiya and took full control the next day.[5]

Demographics

In late 19th century, German orientalist Martin Hartmann noted Jindires as a settlement with 20 houses inhabited by Kurds.[19]

Notes

  1. ^ also spelled Jinderis, Jandairis, Jandires, Jendires, Jendeires, or Jandarus

References

  1. ^ a b General Census of Population and Housing 2004. Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS). Aleppo Governorate. Archived (in Arabic)
  2. ^ Maps (Map). Google Maps.
  3. ^ a b "48. Gününde Zeytin Dalı Harekâtı". Suriye Gündemi. Archived from the original on June 21, 2019. Retrieved March 8, 2018.
  4. ^ a b "HTS Takes Full Control Of Jindires District In Syria's Afrin". North Press Agency. 12 October 2022.
  5. ^ a b Farouq Hamo (21 March 2023). "HTS takes control of Jindires from SNA following killing incident". North Press Agency.
  6. ^ "ToposText". topostext.org. Retrieved May 1, 2023.
  7. ^ a b c Kettenhofen 2001, p. 672.
  8. ^ a b Cohen, 2006,pp. 170-171
  9. ^ Kreitzer, 1996, p. 44.
  10. ^ Vailhé (1909). Cites:Patrologia Graeca, XCVII, 517.
  11. ^ Sagona, 1984, p. 323.
  12. ^ le Strange, 1890, p. 462.
  13. ^ Ainsworth, 1844, p. 35.
  14. ^ Gelzer, Patrum Nicænorum nomina, p. 61
  15. ^ Lequien, Oriens Christ., II, 789
  16. ^ a b Catholic Encyclopedia 1907-1912, s.v. 'Gindarus'
  17. ISBN 978-88-209-9070-1
    ), p.902
  18. ^ "Tyrkisk avis: Kurdistan nr. 2 bliver dannet". Jiyan.dk (in Danish). 22 July 2012. Archived from the original on 28 July 2013. Retrieved 28 July 2012.
  19. ^ Hartmann, Martin (1894). Das liwa Haleb (Aleppo) und ein Teil des Liwa Dschebel Bereket. Berlin: W. Pormetter. p. 97.

Sources

External links

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