Hachinohe
Hachinohe
八戸市 | |
---|---|
UTC+9 (Japan Standard Time) | |
Phone number | 0178-43-2111 |
Address | 1-1-1 Uchimaru, Hachinohe-shi, Aomori-ken 031-8686 |
Climate | Cfa/Dfa |
Website | Official website |
Symbols | |
Bird | Black-tailed gull |
Flower | Chrysanthemum |
Tree | Japanese yew |
Hachinohe (八戸市, Hachinohe-shi) is a city located in Aomori Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 August 2023[update], the city had an estimated population of 216,416 in 110,195 households, and a population density of 708 persons per km2,[1] making it Aomori Prefecture's second largest city by population. The city has a total area of 305.56 square kilometres (117.98 sq mi).
Geography
Hachinohe is located in the flatlands on the southeast coast of Aomori Prefecture, facing the Pacific Ocean. Both the Oirase River and the Mabechi River flow through Hachinohe. A portion of the coastal areas of the city were within the borders of the Tanesashi Kaigan Hashikamidake Prefectural Natural Park, which was incorporated into the Sanriku Fukkō National Park in 2013.[2][3]
Neighbouring municipalities
Aomori Prefecture
- Sannohe District
- Hashikami
- Gonohe
- Nanbu
- Kamikita District
- Oirase
Climate
Hachinohe has a
Climate data for Hachinohe (1991−2020 normals, extremes 1936−present) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 15.0 (59.0) |
19.0 (66.2) |
22.1 (71.8) |
29.7 (85.5) |
34.3 (93.7) |
34.5 (94.1) |
36.5 (97.7) |
37.0 (98.6) |
35.4 (95.7) |
30.4 (86.7) |
24.9 (76.8) |
19.7 (67.5) |
37.0 (98.6) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 2.8 (37.0) |
3.6 (38.5) |
7.6 (45.7) |
13.8 (56.8) |
18.7 (65.7) |
21.1 (70.0) |
24.9 (76.8) |
26.5 (79.7) |
23.6 (74.5) |
18.2 (64.8) |
11.9 (53.4) |
5.4 (41.7) |
14.8 (58.7) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | −0.7 (30.7) |
−0.2 (31.6) |
3.1 (37.6) |
8.6 (47.5) |
13.5 (56.3) |
16.7 (62.1) |
20.7 (69.3) |
22.6 (72.7) |
19.4 (66.9) |
13.5 (56.3) |
7.3 (45.1) |
1.7 (35.1) |
10.5 (50.9) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −3.9 (25.0) |
−3.7 (25.3) |
−0.9 (30.4) |
4.0 (39.2) |
9.2 (48.6) |
13.3 (55.9) |
17.7 (63.9) |
19.5 (67.1) |
15.7 (60.3) |
9.0 (48.2) |
3.0 (37.4) |
−1.6 (29.1) |
6.8 (44.2) |
Record low °C (°F) | −15.7 (3.7) |
−15.5 (4.1) |
−12.3 (9.9) |
−5.5 (22.1) |
−2.6 (27.3) |
0.4 (32.7) |
5.0 (41.0) |
9.4 (48.9) |
4.8 (40.6) |
−2.6 (27.3) |
−6.3 (20.7) |
−13.4 (7.9) |
−15.7 (3.7) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 43.6 (1.72) |
40.4 (1.59) |
56.6 (2.23) |
63.4 (2.50) |
88.1 (3.47) |
103.7 (4.08) |
136.9 (5.39) |
141.8 (5.58) |
156.3 (6.15) |
110.1 (4.33) |
55.5 (2.19) |
48.9 (1.93) |
1,045.1 (41.15) |
Average snowfall cm (inches) | 40 (16) |
42 (17) |
29 (11) |
2 (0.8) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
2 (0.8) |
22 (8.7) |
134 (53) |
Average rainy days | 6.6 | 6.5 | 7.3 | 8.1 | 9.7 | 8.8 | 10.6 | 10.1 | 10.0 | 8.5 | 7.9 | 6.6 | 100.7 |
Average snowy days | 10.4 | 9.9 | 5.9 | 0.5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.7 | 6.1 | 33.5 |
Average relative humidity (%)
|
71 | 70 | 66 | 65 | 72 | 81 | 84 | 82 | 80 | 75 | 71 | 71 | 74 |
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 126.1 | 130.9 | 166.2 | 186.9 | 198.5 | 168.2 | 149.7 | 159.5 | 148.2 | 155.7 | 130.3 | 124.1 | 1,844.3 |
Source 1: Japan Meteorological Agency | |||||||||||||
Source 2: Extreme for Hachinohe |
Demographics
Per Japanese census data:[5]
Year | Pop. | ±% | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
1960 | 184,680 | — | ||
1970 | 216,955 | +17.5% | ||
1980 | 245,617 | +13.2% | ||
1990 | 247,983 | +1.0% | ||
2000 | 248,608 | +0.3% | ||
2010 | 237,473 | −4.5% | ||
2020 | 226,541 | −4.6% | ||
|
History
The area around Hachinohe has been occupied since prehistoric times, and was a major population center for the Emishi people. Numerous Jōmon period remains have been discovered within the borders of Hachinohe. The area was nominally under control of the Northern Fujiwara in the Heian period, and became part of the holdings granted to the Nanbu clan after the defeat of the North Fujiwara by Minamoto no Yoritomo in the Kamakura period. The Nanbu established numerous horse ranches, accompanied by numbered fortified settlements. During the Edo period, it was initially part of Morioka Domain, but in 1664 the Tokugawa shogunate authorized the creation of a separate 20,000 koku Hachinohe Domain for a junior line of the Nanbu clan. The town prospered as a castle town centered on Hachinohe Castle, and served as a small commercial centre and port for the fishing grounds off southeastern Hokkaido. Today, the port still serves the fishing industry and a number of international cargo vessels.
After the
Per the
On March 31, 2005, the village of Nangō (from Sannohe District) was also merged into Hachinohe.
During the
In March 2011, the city was one of those hit by the
On January 1, 2017, Hachinohe was given core city status,[9] with increased local autonomy.
Government
Hachinohe has a
Economy
Hachinohe is the largest city in eastern Aomori Prefecture, and serves as the regional industrial and commercial center.
Education
Colleges and universities
Primary and secondary education
Hachinohe has 42 public elementary schools and 24 public junior high schools operated by the city government, and two private middle schools. The city has eight public high schools operated by the Aomori Prefectural Board of Education, and one public high school operated by the national government. There are also eight private high schools. The city also has three special education schools.[10]
Transportation
Railway
East Japan Railway Company (JR East) - Tōhoku Shinkansen
East Japan Railway Company (JR East) - Hachinohe Line
Aoimori Railway Company - Aoimori Railway Line
- Kita-Takaiwa - Hachinohe - Mutsu-Ichikawa
Highway
- Hachinohe Expressway
- Momoishi Toll Road
- Hachinohe-Kuji Expressway
- National Route 45
- National Route 104
- National Route 340
- National Route 454
Seaports
Local attractions
Traditional handicrafts
- Yawata-uma, a wooden horse with gold saddle markings and a decorative plume attached to its head. The Hachinohe area has been known since the Kamakura period for its breed of war horses. Also, farming horses have supported the lives of the commoners and have often been used as the theme for dances and folk tales. The art of Yawata-uma figurines is a regional art form and popular souvenir.
Local sights
- Natural Monument.[11] It also has a shinto shrine.
- Kushihiki Hachimangū
- Yomasari Dam
Local festivals
- Emburi is a citywide festivalwhich is also celebrated in nearby towns. The object of the festival is to pray for a bountiful harvest in the coming year. It originated as a dance with an agricultural tool (the eburi; enburi is a local pronunciation), which was used to teach people how to cultivate the land. Nowadays it is a parade of 15-20 people, with 3-5 dancers and a singer accompanied by wooden flutes, drums and bells. The festival takes place February 17–20, and marks the official end of the long, harsh winter.
- Hachinohe Sansha Taisai is another citywide festival and is considered to be the main festival of the town. It is also billed as "Japan's Biggest Float Festival". Sansha means "three shrines" and Taisai means "festival": It is held by three Shinto shrines: Ogami Jinja, Shinra Jinja, and Shinmei-gu. Floats proceed through the main streets of the city, accompanied by people with drums, flutes and loud calls. 27 different floats are used, and they are proudly constructed and flourished by the members of various organizations, such as schools and the city hall. The floats are also accompanied by men in samurai costumes on horseback, and tiger dancers. On the second and third days of the festival, a traditional game of a sport similar to polo is held at the stables of Shinra Shrine. This sport (加賀美流騎馬打毬 Kaga Biryū Kiba Dakyū) is officially an "intangible cultural asset" of Aomori Prefecture. Sansha Taisai takes place from July 31 to August 4 every year.
National Historic Sites
- Chōshichiyachi Shell Mound, Jōmon period ruins[14]
- Korekawa Site, Jōmon period ruins[15]
- Tangotai Kofun cluster, Kofun period tumuli [16]
- Ne Castle, Muromachi period castle ruins[17]
Other
- The sound of the umi-neko at Hachinohe was selected by the Ministry of the Environment as one of the 100 Soundscapes of Japan.[18]
Sports
- Vanraure Hachinohe, J-League soccer team
- Tohoku Free Blades, Asia League Ice Hockey team
Sister city relations
- Federal Way, Washington, United States[19]
- Lanzhou, Gansu, China since April 1998[20]
Notable people from Hachinohe
- Saeko Chiba, voice actress
- Miki Furukawa, musician, and former bass guitarist and singer for the Japanese rock band Supercar
- Kengo Hanazawa, manga artist
- Chiharu Icho, freestyle wrestler
- Kaori Icho, freestyle wrestler
- Masako Katsuki, voice actress
- Hitomi Obara, freestyle wrestler
- Tadamori Oshima, politician
- Marimo Ragawa, manga artist
Other
There is a
References
- ^ "Hachinohe City official statistics" (in Japanese). Japan.
- ^ 基礎情報 [Basic Information] (in Japanese). Ministry of the Environment. Archived from the original on 23 October 2013. Retrieved 22 October 2013.
- ^ "National park of restoration". The Japan Times. 28 May 2013. Retrieved 22 October 2013.
- ^ "Hachinohe climate: Average Temperature, weather by month, Hachinohe weather averages - Climate-Data.org". en.climate-data.org.
- ^ "Aomori / 青森県 (Japan): Prefecture, Cities, Towns and Villages - Population Statistics, Charts and Map". www.citypopulation.de.
- ^ "511th History". www.thedropzone.org.
- ^ Flack, T. D., "Misawa residents pull clean-up duty at nearby fishing port", Stars and Stripes, 17 March 2011, retrieved 18 March 2011.
- Washington Times, 27 March 2011, retrieved 30 March 2011.
- ^ Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications of Japan, official home page(in Japanese)
- ^ 八戸市学校一覧 City of Hachinohe official home page
- ^ 蕪島ウミネコ繁殖地 (in Japanese). Agency for Cultural Affairs database.
- ^ 種差海岸. Agency for Cultural Affairs. Retrieved 10 February 2012.
- ^ "Tanesashi Kaigan". Hachinohe City. Archived from the original on 10 August 2007. Retrieved 10 February 2012.
- ^ "長七谷地貝塚". Cultural Heritage Online (in Japanese). Agency for Cultural Affairs (Japan). Retrieved 11 March 2017.
- ^ "是川石器時代遺跡" [KKorekawa sekki jidai isekii] (in Japanese). Agency for Cultural Affairs. Retrieved 12 June 2012.
- ^ "丹後平古墳群". Cultural Heritage Online (in Japanese). Agency for Cultural Affairs. Retrieved 25 December 2016.
- ^ "根城跡". Cultural Heritage Online (in Japanese). Agency for Cultural Affairs. Retrieved 25 December 2016.
- ^ "Top 100 Soundscapes of Japan" (PDF). Ministry of the Environment. Retrieved 18 March 2017.
- ^ "Sister City: Federal Way, Washington, U.S.A.|八戸市". www.city.hachinohe.aomori.jp (in Japanese). Retrieved 2020-08-18.
- ^ "Hachinohe City official home page". Sister City: Lanzhou, Gansu, China. Retrieved 20 February 2024.
- ^ "6200 Hachinohe (1993 HL)". ssd.jpl.nasa.gov. Retrieved 2020-08-18.
External links
- Official Website (in Japanese)