Okayama
This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these template messages)
|
Okayama
岡山市 | |
---|---|
Okayama City | |
Coordinates: 34°39′N 133°55′E / 34.650°N 133.917°E | |
Country | Japan |
Region | Chūgoku (San'yō) |
Prefecture | Okayama |
Government | |
• Mayor | Masao Omori |
Area | |
• Total | 789.95 km2 (305.00 sq mi) |
Population (February 1, 2023) | |
• Total | 700,940 |
• Density | 890/km2 (2,300/sq mi) |
Time zone | UTC+09:00 (JST) |
City hall address | 1-1-1 Daitomo, Kita-ku, Okayama-shi, Okayama-ken 700-8544 |
Website | Official website |
Symbols | |
Bird | Red-crowned crane |
Flower | Chrysanthemum |
Tree | Ilex rotunda; Lagerstroemia indica |
Okayama (岡山市, Okayama-shi, Japanese:
The city is the site of Kōraku-en, known as one of the top three traditional gardens in Japan, and Okayama Castle, which is ranked among the best 100 Japanese castles.[3] The city is famous as the setting of the Japanese fable Momotarō.[4] Okayama joined the UNESCO Global Network of Learning Cities in 2016.
Geography
The city of Okayama is located in the southern part of Okayama Prefecture, which is located in western part of the island of
Neighboring municipalities
Okayama Prefecture
Climate
Okayama has a mild climate in comparison to most of Japan. It has the most rain-free days (less than 1mm of precipitation) of any city in Japan. It is ranked as the second driest and the fourth sunniest city in the Chūgoku region.
The local climate is warm enough throughout the year to support olive trees. Okayama is often called "Land of Sunshine" because of its low number of rainy days per year.[7]
Climate data for Okayama (1991−2020 normals, extremes 1891−present) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 18.8 (65.8) |
22.3 (72.1) |
24.8 (76.6) |
29.6 (85.3) |
33.6 (92.5) |
37.0 (98.6) |
38.1 (100.6) |
39.3 (102.7) |
37.1 (98.8) |
33.4 (92.1) |
26.9 (80.4) |
21.5 (70.7) |
39.3 (102.7) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 9.6 (49.3) |
10.5 (50.9) |
14.6 (58.3) |
19.8 (67.6) |
24.8 (76.6) |
27.6 (81.7) |
31.8 (89.2) |
33.3 (91.9) |
29.1 (84.4) |
23.4 (74.1) |
17.1 (62.8) |
11.7 (53.1) |
21.1 (70.0) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | 4.6 (40.3) |
5.2 (41.4) |
8.7 (47.7) |
14.1 (57.4) |
19.1 (66.4) |
22.7 (72.9) |
27.0 (80.6) |
28.1 (82.6) |
23.9 (75.0) |
18.0 (64.4) |
11.6 (52.9) |
6.6 (43.9) |
15.8 (60.4) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 0.1 (32.2) |
0.5 (32.9) |
3.5 (38.3) |
8.5 (47.3) |
14.8 (58.6) |
18.7 (65.7) |
23.4 (74.1) |
24.6 (76.3) |
20.0 (68.0) |
13.4 (56.1) |
6.8 (44.2) |
2.1 (35.8) |
11.4 (52.5) |
Record low °C (°F) | −8.9 (16.0) |
−9.1 (15.6) |
−7.0 (19.4) |
−3.6 (25.5) |
1.0 (33.8) |
7.4 (45.3) |
12.6 (54.7) |
14.8 (58.6) |
7.2 (45.0) |
1.7 (35.1) |
−3.5 (25.7) |
−6.5 (20.3) |
−9.1 (15.6) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 36.2 (1.43) |
45.4 (1.79) |
82.5 (3.25) |
90.0 (3.54) |
112.6 (4.43) |
169.3 (6.67) |
177.4 (6.98) |
97.2 (3.83) |
142.2 (5.60) |
95.4 (3.76) |
53.3 (2.10) |
41.5 (1.63) |
1,143.1 (45.00) |
Average snowfall cm (inches) | 0 (0) |
1 (0.4) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
1 (0.4) |
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.5 mm) | 5.4 | 6.9 | 9.2 | 9.6 | 9.4 | 11.6 | 10.9 | 7.7 | 9.7 | 7.7 | 6.4 | 6.3 | 100.8 |
Average relative humidity (%)
|
69 | 66 | 65 | 60 | 64 | 71 | 74 | 69 | 71 | 71 | 72 | 71 | 69 |
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 149.0 | 145.4 | 177.8 | 192.6 | 205.9 | 153.5 | 169.8 | 203.2 | 157.5 | 171.5 | 153.7 | 153.8 | 2,033.7 |
Source: Japan Meteorological Agency[8] |
Demographics
Per Japanese census data,[9] the population of Okayama is as follows:
Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
1960 | 432,177 | — | ||
1970 | 500,599 | +1.48% | ||
1980 | 590,424 | +1.66% | ||
1990 | 640,406 | +0.82% | ||
2000 | 674,375 | +0.52% | ||
2010 | 709,622 | +0.51% | ||
|
History
Sengoku period to Bakumatsu period
Before the Muromachi period, Okayama was one corner of a farm region and included a small castle built by the Kanemitsu. In the Sengoku period, Ukita Naoie attacked Okayama and attacked the castle for the transportation resources and extensive farmland in the region. Naoie remodeled the castle, built the old Sanyo road to the central part of the castle town, and called in craftsmen both from inside and outside of Bizen Province. Okayama became the political and economical capital of Bizen Province.
In 1600, Ukita Hideie, who was the son of Naoie and the lord of Okayama, lost at the Battle of Sekigahara. The next year, Kobayakawa Hideaki came to Okayama and became the feudal lord of Okayama Domain. Hideaki died in 1602, however, ending the Kobayakawa line. Ikeda Tadatugu, who was the feudal lord of Himeji Domain, became the next lord of Okayama. After this time, Okayama was ruled by the Ikedas until the latter part of the 19th century. Continuing its economic development, Okayama became one of the ten best large castle towns in Japan in the 18th century. The Korakuen Garden was developed by the fourth feudal lord, Ikeda Tsunamasa.
Meiji Restoration to World War II
On August 29, 1871, the new
Since World War II
During Japan's economic boom of the 1960s, Okayama developed rapidly as one of the most important cities in the Chūgoku and
The city became a
On March 22, 2005 the town of Mitsu (from Mitsu District), and the town of Nadasaki (from Kojima District) were merged into Okayama. This was followed on January 22, 2007 when the town of Takebe (from Mitsu District), and the town of Seto (from Akaiwa District) were merged into Okayama. Kojima, Mitsu, and Akaiwa Districts have all since been dissolved as a result of these mergers.
Government
Okayama has a
Local administration
Since Okayama became a
Ward | Population | Area (km2) | Density (per km2) |
Map |
---|---|---|---|---|
Kita-ku
(northern ward) |
302,685 | 451.03 | 671 | |
Naka-ku
(central ward) |
142,237 | 51.24 | 2,776 | |
Higashi-ku
(eastern ward) |
96,948 | 160.28 | 605 | |
Minami-ku
(southern ward) |
167,714 | 127.36 | 1,317 | |
Population as of October 1, 2010 |
Economy
Agriculture
The city is located in the Okayama Plain, where rice, eggplant, and white Chinese chives are notable products.[11] White peaches and grapes are cultivated in the mountainous, northern part of the city.
Industry
In 2005, the city's gross domestic product was 800 billion yen,[12] nearly 10% of the GDP of Okayama Prefecture. Greater Okayama, Okayama Metropolitan Employment Area, has a GDP of US$63.1 billion as of 2010.[13][14] The main industries are machine tools, chemicals, foodstuffs and printing. Kōnan, a district in the southern part of the city, is the most developed industrial zone.
Commerce
Okayama is the core of the Okayama metropolitan area, which includes the cities of
The headquarters of Aeon Corporation, a private English language school with more than 3,000 employees, is located in Okayama.[15]
Education
Okayama University, founded as a medical school in 1870 and established in 1949 as a national university,[16] is in the city. Today, Okayama University is Okayama's largest university, with 8 faculties and seven graduate schools.[17]
There are seven private universities, three
Universities
- Okayama University (national)
- Notre Dame Seishin University (private)
- Okayama Healthcare Professional University (private)
- Okayama University of Science (private)
- Okayama Shoka University (private)
- Sanyo Gakuen University (private)
- Shujitsu University (private)
- Chugoku Gakuen University (private)
- International Pacific University (private)
High schools
- Okayama Joto Senior High School
- Okayama Ichinomiya Senior High School
- Okayama Asahi Senior High School
- Okayama Sozan Senior High School
- Okayama Hosen Senior High School
- Okayama Gakugeikan High School
Transportation
Airports
- Okayama Airport, located in the northern part of the city, provides both domestic and limited international services
- Kōnan Airport, located to the south, has been a general aviation airport since the opening of Okayama Airport in 1988.
Railway
JR West's
- Odara– Higashi-Okayama
- Okayama – Omoto – Bizen-Nishiichi – Senoo – Bitchū-Mishima – (Hayashima Town - Kurashiki City) – Hikosaki – Bizen-Kataoka – Hazakawa
- Okayama – Hōkaiin – Bizen-Hara – Tamagashi – Makiyama – Nonokuchi – Kanagawa – Takebe – Fukuwatari
- Okayama – Bizen-Mikado – Daianji – Bizen-Ichinomiya – Kibitsu – Bitchū-Takamatsu – Ashimori
Tramway
Okayama has kept an operational
Bus
Seven bus companies provide service within the city limits: Bihoku Bus (備北バス), Chūtetsu Bus (中鉄バス),
Twin towns – sister cities
- San Jose, California, United States (established on May 26, 1957)[19]
- San José, Costa Rica, (established on January 27, 1969)[20]
- Plovdiv, Bulgaria, (established on April 28, 1972)[20]
- San Antonio, Texas, United States (established on April 12, 1976)
- Luoyang, China, (established on April 6, 1981)[20]
- Gyeonggi-do, South Korea (friendship city since 2002)
- Hsinchu, Taiwan (friendship city since 2003)
Media
The Sanyo Shimbun is the local newspaper serving the greater Okayama area. There are six television stations serving the Okayama area and part of Kagawa Prefecture. Three FM and three AM radio stations also serve the region.
- TV Stations
Channel ID | Name | Network | Established year | Call sign |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | NHK General TV Okayama | NHK General TV | 1957 | JOKK-DTV |
2 | NHK Educational TV Okayama | NHK Educational TV | 1963 | JOKB-DTV |
4 | Nishinippon Broadcasting Co., Ltd.(RNC) | NNN | 1958 | JOKF-DTV |
5 | Setonaikai Broadcasting Co., Ltd.(KSB) | ANN | 1969 | JOVH-DTV |
6 | Sanyo Broadcasting Co., Ltd.(RSK) | JNN | 1958 | JOYR-DTV |
7 | TV Setouchi Broadcasting Co., Ltd.(TSC) | TXN | 1985 | JOPH-DTV |
8 | Okayama Broadcasting Co., Ltd.(OHK) | FNN | 1969 | JOOH-DTV |
- Radio Stations
Channel | Name | Network | Established year | Call sign |
---|---|---|---|---|
AM 603 kHz | NHK Radio Daiichi Okayama | NHK Radio Daiichi | 1931 | JOKK |
AM 1386 kHz | NHK Radio Daini Okayama | NHK Radio Daini | 1946 | JOKB |
AM 1494 kHz | Sanyo Broadcasting Co, Ltd.Radio (RSK) | JRN, NRN | 1958 | JOYR |
FM 88.7 MHz | NHK FM Okayama | NHK FM
|
1964 | JOKK-FM |
FM 76.8 MHz | FM Okayama | JFN
|
1999 | JOVV-FM |
FM 79.0 MHz | Radio MOMO (Okayama City FM) | J-WAVE
|
1997 | JOZZ8AD-FM |
Sports
Okayama has many sports teams. In recent years,
Club | Sport | League | Venue | Established |
---|---|---|---|---|
Fagiano Okayama FC
|
Football
|
J. League Division 2
|
Kanko Stadium (Okayama Prefectural Multipurpose Athletic Stadium)
|
2004 |
Okayama Seagulls | Volleyball | V.League | Momotaro Arena (Okayama Prefectural Multipurpose Grounds Gym)
|
1999 |
Okayama Standing Bears | American football | X-League | Kanko Stadium (Okayama Prefectural Multipurpose Athletic Stadium)
|
? |
Citylight Okayama Baseball Team | Baseball | Semi-professional baseball | 2008 |
Local attractions
- Kōraku-en, known as one of the three best traditional gardens in Japan, lies south of the castle grounds. Kōrakuen was constructed by Ikeda Tsunamasa over 14 years, and completed in 1700.
- Handayama Botanical Garden
- Okayama Castle, constructed in 1597. It was destroyed by bombing in 1945 during World War II but reconstructed in 1966.
- Okayama Prefectural Museum
- Okayama Orient Museum
- Okayama Prefectural Museum of Art
- Hayashibara Museum of Art
- Yumeji Art Museum
- Kibitsu Shrine
- Kibitsuhiko Shrine
- Okayama Symphony Hall
National Historic Sites
- Urama Chausuyama Kofun
- Okayama Castle
- Okayama Domain Ikeda clan cemetery
- Former Okayama Domain Han School
- Bitchū-Takamatsu Castle
- Shōda temple ruins
- Magane Ichirizuka
- Jingūjiyama Kofun
- Sōzume Tō
- Tsukuriyama Kofun
- Ōmeguri-Komeguri Mountain Castle ruins
- Ōdara Yosemiya ruins
- Tsushima Site
- Hata temple ruins Pagoda Site
- Onoe Kurumayama Kofun
- Hikozaki Shell Mound
- Mantomi Tōdai-ji Tile Kiln Site
- Musa Ōtsuka Kofun
Festivals
Every August since 1994 Okayama has seen the Momotarō Matsuri (Festival), which is an amalgam of three different festivals, including the Uraja 'ogre' festival, which is a kind of Yosakoi dance.
Music
- Okayama Symphony Orchestra, performs at the Okayama Symphony Hall.
- Inryō-ji, a Buddhist temple near the city centre, regularly hosts concerts.
Cuisine
Okayama has several traditional dishes.Barazushi, a dish made with sushi rice, contains fresh fish from the Seto Inland Sea. Kibi dango (Okayama) (吉備団子) gel-like balls made from a powder of millet and rice, are well known sweets from the area.
Notable people
Premodern
- Eisai (Buddhist priest, 1141–1215)
- Hideie Ukita(Military commander, 1573–1655)
- Kōan Ogata (Rangakupractitioner, 1810–1863)
Arts
- Shigeru Nanba (painter, 1944– )
- Takashi Fukutani (manga artist, 1952–2000)
- Masashi Kishimoto (manga artist, 1974– )
- Seishi Kishimoto (manga artist, 1974– )
Politics
- Ichirō Aisawa(Member of the House of Representatives, 1954– )
- Kenji Eda (Member of the House of Representatives, Secretary General of Your Party, 1956– )
- Satsuki Eda (Member of the House of Councillors, 27th President of the House of Councillors, 1941– )
- Seiji Hagiwara (31st, 32nd Mayor of Okayama, member of the House of Representatives, fourth Mayor of Mimasaka, Okayama, 1956– )
- Shigeo Takaya (33rd, 34th Mayor of Okayama, 1937– )
- Tsuyoshi Inukai (Member of the House of Representatives, 29th Prime Minister of Japan, 1855–1932)
- Masahiro Ishii (5th Governor of Okayama Prefecture, Member of the House of Councillors, 1945– )
- Minister of Internal Affairs and Communications, 1951– )
- Akihiko Kumashiro (Member of the House of Representatives, 1940– )
- Keisuke Tsumura (Member of the House of Representatives, 1971– )
- Michiyoshi Yunoki (Member of the House of Representatives, 1972– )
Literature
- Suiin Emi (novelist, 1869–1934)
- Yōko Ogawa (novelist, 1962– )
- Hyakken Uchida (novelist, 1889–1971)
- Junnosuke Yoshiyuki (novelist, 1924–1994)
Entertainment
- Angela Aki (singer-songwriter, 1977– ) (attended middle school in Okayama)
- Dorlis (musician, 1982– )
- Hiroto Kōmoto (musician, 1963– )
- Shinji Morisue (former artistic gymnast and TV personality, 1957– )
- Matsunosuke Onoe (actor and film director, 1875–1926)
- Etsuko Shihomi (actress, 1955– )
- Yukiko Takaguchi (voice actor, 1974– )
- Tomu Uchida (film director, 1898–1970)
- Riki Nishimura, (member of the K-pop boy group Enhypen, born 2005 )
- MISA (Bassist for Band-Maid - October 15)
- Miku Nishizaki (member of Ocha Norma - born 2006)
- Fujii Kaze (singer-songwriter , born June 14, 1997)
Sports
- Tsunenohana Kan'ichi, (sumo Yokozuna, b.1896)
- Noboru Akiyama (professional baseball player and coach, 1934–2000)
- Yuko Arimori (athlete, 1966– )
- Naoko Hashimoto (volleyball player, 1984– )
- Shigeaki Hattori (racing driver and team owner, 1963– )
- Kinue Hitomi (athlete, 1907–1931)
- Masahiro Kawai (professional baseball player, 1964– )
- Issei Morita (professional baseball player, 1989– )
- Maurice Ndour (born 1992) (Senegalese basketball player for Hapoel Jerusalem of the Israeli Basketball Premier League)
- mixed martial artist, 1980– )
- Hinako Shibuno (professional golfer, 1998- )
- Kiyoshi Tamura (professional wrestler, 1969– )
- Hisashi Tsuchida (soccer player, 1967– )
Inventors
- Seiichi Miyake (inventor of tactile paving, 1926–1982)
References
- ^ "Overview of Okayama City/Okayama city (Okayama-shi) is the capital of Okayama Prefecture". City.okayama.jp. Retrieved 21 February 2015.
- ^ "Official website of Okayama city" (in Japanese). Japan: Okayama City. Retrieved 11 April 2017.
- ^ "Castles / List of Japanese Castles". Japan-Guide.com. Retrieved 21 February 2015.
- ^ ""Momotaro", a folk tale and Kibiji District". City.okayama.jp. Archived from the original on 21 February 2015. Retrieved 21 February 2015.
- ^ "Outline of Okayama". Pref.okayama.jp. Archived from the original on 2013-01-02. Retrieved 2013-10-04.
- ^ "World Maps of Köppen-Geiger climate classification". Koeppen-geiger.vu-wien.ac.at. Retrieved 2013-10-04.
- ^ 大好き「晴れの国おかやま」 1 岡山県のアウトライン(県の概況、シンボルなど) - 岡山県ホームページ. Pref.okayama.jp. Archived from the original on 2011-07-20. Retrieved 2013-10-04.
- ^ 気象庁 / 平年値(年・月ごとの値). Japan Meteorological Agency. Retrieved May 19, 2021.
- ^ Okayama population statistics
- ^ [1] Archived August 7, 2009, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ [2] Archived August 28, 2010, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "??" (PDF) (in Japanese). City.okayama.jp. Retrieved 21 February 2015.
- ^ Yoshitsugu Kanemoto. "Metropolitan Employment Area (MEA) Data". Center for Spatial Information Science, The University of Tokyo.
- ^ Conversion rates - Exchange rates - OECD Data
- ^ [3] Archived February 20, 2009, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "History - Okayama University".
- ^ "Organization Chart - Okayama University".
- ^ "The History of Okayama". city.okayama.jp. Okayama. Retrieved 2020-04-07.
- ^ "Northern and Central California Sister Cities in Japan". Archived from the original on October 26, 2019. Retrieved June 15, 2019.
- ^ a b c "姉妹(友好)提携情報". 自治体国際化協会. Archived from the original on October 27, 2012. Retrieved June 1, 2016.
External links
- Okayama City official website (in Japanese)
- Okayama City official website
- I Love Okayama - Okayama global brand
- Geographic data related to Okayama at OpenStreetMap