Haikou dialect
| Haikou | |
|---|---|
| 海口話 | |
| Pronunciation | [hai˨˩˧ xau˨˩˧ ue˨˧] |
| Native to | Southern China |
| Region | Haikou, Hainan |
Early forms | |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | – |
| Glottolog | hain1237 |
| Linguasphere | 79-AAA-ked |
The Haikou dialect is a topolect of Chinese and a subvariety of Hainanese spoken in Haikou, the capital of the Hainan province and island of China.
Phonology
The Haikou dialect has the following initials:[4]
| Labial | Dental | Sibilant | Velar | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Affricate
|
voiceless | t | ts | k | ʔ | |
| voiced implosive | ɓ | ɗ | ||||
| Nasal | m | n | ŋ | |||
Fricative
|
voiceless | f | s | x | h | |
| voiced | v | z | ||||
| Lateral | l | |||||
The finals are:[5]
| Vocalic codas | Nasal codas | Stop codas | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| a | ai | au | am | aŋ | ap | ak | ||
| ia | iau | iam | iaŋ | iap | iak | |||
| ua | uai | uaŋ | uak | |||||
| ɛ | e | eŋ | ek | |||||
| ue | ||||||||
| o | ɔi | ɔu | ɔm | ɔŋ | ɔp | ɔk | ||
| io | iɔŋ | iɔk | ||||||
| i | iu | im | in | ip | it | |||
| u | ui | un | oŋ | uk | ok | |||
There are also two syllabic nasals, /m̩/ and /ŋ̍/.[5]
The tone categories (described using Chao tone letters) are:[5][6]
| level | rising | departing | entering | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| upper | 24 | 213 | 35 | 5 |
| lower | 21 | 33 | 3 | |
| 55ʔ | ||||
See also
- Hainan Romanized
Notes
References
- JSTOR 2718766
- ISBN 978-0-7748-0192-8
- from the original on 2023-10-13. Retrieved 2023-10-13.
- ^ Chen (1996), p. 4.
- ^ a b c Chen (1996), p. 5.
- ^ Yan (2006), p. 142.
Sources
- Chen, Hongmai (1996), Hǎikǒu fāngyán cídiǎn 海口方言詞典 [Haikou dialect dictionary], ISBN 978-7-5343-2886-2.
- Yan, Margaret Mian (2006), Introduction to Chinese Dialectology, LINCOM Europa, ISBN 978-3-89586-629-6.
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