Hassan II of Alamut

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Hasan 'Ala Zikrihi's-Salam: حسن على ذكره السلام
23rd Ismaili Nizari Imam Hasan 'Ala Zikrihi's-Salam
Born1142/1145 AD
Died1166 AD
Resting placeLambsar Castle
Other namesMalik'es-Selâm (Lord of Peace), Malik'ûl-Kulûb (Lord of Hearts)
Term1164–1166
PredecessorHasan al-Qahir
SuccessorNūr al-Dīn Muhammad

Ḥasan ʿAlā Zikrihi's-Salām

Persia and Syria. His chief subordinate in Syria was Rashid ad-Din Sinan, the Old Man of the Mountain.[2]

Biography

Controversy Over Origin

There are conflicting reports of Hassan's origin. One of the only historical reference extant, Juwayni (who was hostile to Ismailis), claims that Hassan was the son of Muhammad ibn Buzurg-Ummid, Fatimid dai and lord of Alamut. According to Juwayni's reports, Hassan first implicitly claimed the imamate and then claimed to be the caliph himself. [3] However, Nizari sources generally claim an Alid descent for Hassan, and believe that Hassan ibn Muhammad ibn Buzurg-Ummid is distinct from Hassan II of Alamut.

Leadership

In 1164 Hassan, leading the

Ismaili Islam, proclaimed the Qiyamat, the abrogation of Sharia law. The concept of Qiyamah in exoteric Islam means the End of the World and the Day of Judgment. But in the esoteric interpretations of Ismaili Islam, Qiyamah is the beginning of an era of spiritual renaissance where the spiritual dimensions of Islam will be practiced openly, spiritual truths will become widely known, and certain ritualistic aspects of Islam will be abrogated. Fatimid Ismaili texts from the 10th-11th century describe the anticipated arrival of the Qiyamah era by a future Fatimid Ismaili Imam. These expectations were fulfilled by the declaration of Qiyamah by Imam Hasan.[4]

Declaration of the Qiyama

Only two years after his accession, the Imām Hasan ‘Alā Zikrihi's Salām conducted a ceremony known as qiyama (resurrection) at the grounds of the

Juwayni,[5] and the Nizari sources do not go into specific details.[6] Since very few contemporary Nizari Ismaili accounts of the events has survived, and it is likely that scholars will never know the exact details of this event. However, there was no total abrogation of all law - only certain exoteric rituals like the Salah/Namaz, Fasting in Ramadan, Hajj to Makkah and facing Makkah in prayer were abrogated; however the Nizaris continued to perform rituals of worship, except these rituals were more esoteric and spiritually oriented. For example, the true prayer is to remember God at every moment; the true fasting is to keep all of the body's organs away from whatever is unethical and forbidden. Ethical conduct is enjoined at all times.[7]

Death

The Imām Hasan died a violent death

Nūr al-Dīn Muhammad
, who refined and explained Hasan's doctrine of qiyamah in greater detail.

See also

References

  1. ^ Also transliterated as Ḥasan ʿAlā Zikrihi's-Salām, Ḥasan ʿAlā Dhikrihi al-Salām and Ḥasan ʿAlā Dhikrihi as-Salām. The Arabic term Ala Dhikrihi's-Salam means "on his mention, peace!".
  2. .
  3. ^ ʿAlāʾ-al-Din Joveyni, Taʾriḵ-e jahān-goshāy, ed. Moḥammad Qazvini, Leiden, 1912-37, III, pp. 225-39; tr. John A. Boyle, Manchester, II, pp. 688-97.
  4. ^ Farhad Daftary, Encyclopaedia Iranica, Volume II, Fascicle 1, pgs. 24-25. "ḤASAN II".{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  5. ^ Charles Melville, Encyclopaedia Iranica, Volume XIV, Fascicle 4, pgs. 378-382. "JAHĀNGOŠĀ-YE JOVAYNI, TĀRIḴ-E".{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  6. .
  7. ^ Lewis, Bernard (2003). The Assassins: A Radical Sect in Islam. New York: Perseus Books Group, pgs. 71-75
  8. . Hassan II + imam + persia.

External links

Ḥasan ʿAlā Zikrihi's-Salām
Banu Quraish
Born: 1142/1145 C.E Died: 1166 C.E.
Regnal titles
Preceded by
Muhammad Buzurg Ummid
as da'i
)
4th ruler of the Nizari Ismaili state
and commander of Alamut Castle

1164–1166
Succeeded by
Shia Islam titles
Preceded by 23rd Imam of Nizari Isma'ilism
1164–1166
Succeeded by